scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF INJURIES AMONG WASTE PICKERS. A CASE STUDY IN NIGERIA

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fate Ali ◽  
Farouk Idi Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Waste Pickers

Waste picking might provide, in low-income countries, a livelihood for many individuals representing an important survival strategy. However, during their activities, waste pickers are at risk of encountering harmful waste, which could cause injuries and other infectious diseases. This paper investigates the occurrences of injury among waste pickers and the methods they use to treat the injuries in Bauchi city, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of 322 waste pickers were randomly selected across 80 waste pickers’ middlemen shops. Data was obtained through questionnaire and interview. Based on the data presented, 1474 frequencies of injuries were reported among 247 waste pickers. Age, education and working experience are significant parameters to the prevalence of injuries among waste pickers, and the incidence of injuries increased with the decrease in those parameters. The study shows that most of the waste pickers experienced injuries, most of whom do not attend clinic when injury occurs; instead, they used salt, ash, sand, hydraulic, kerosene, battery acid, among others, to treat their wounds. Cuts and pierces are good entry points for bacteria and viruses, which can eventually spread to the general public infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis, Cholera and Lassa fever. Provision of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), a labor rights policy, immunization and the launch of an awareness campaign are among the recommendations made by this study.

scholarly journals Personal and domiciliary hygiene practices and its association with incidence of infectious diseases among children aged 6-59 months

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4204
Author(s):  
Md Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam Khan ◽  
Musammet Rasheda Begum ◽  
Farjana Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Prepared Food

Background: Over 200 million under-five-children born in low-income countries are at risk of not reaching their development potential and infectious diseases are the leading cause of development deficits in these regions.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate personal and household hygiene practices among 154 mothers and their association with the incidence of infectious diseases among 167 children aged 6 months to 59 months in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.Results: Only 13.6% of the mothers had proper hand washing knowledge. Besides, 14% and 53.9% of the mothers washed their hands with soap and only with water respectively before feeding their child. About 68.2% of mothers prepared food on the ground and half (49.5%) of the toilet did not have a hand washing location beside it. The risk of childhood infectious disease was significantly associated with hand washing of mothers before feeding a child (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-4.1, p<0.05) and hand washing of child before eating (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8-5.7, p<0.05).Conclusions: Hand washing agents were inadequate and compliance to hand washing was poor. Therefore, the continuous focus is needed on the mother's awareness construction to increase the compliance to hand washing practice among mothers as well as their child with soap, especially during child feeding.

scholarly journals 1669. Trends in Authorship for Infectious Disease Research Conducted in Low-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S610-S611
Author(s):  
Chelsea E Modlin ◽  
Kimberly Powell ◽  
Russell R Kempker
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Open Forum ◽  
Research Collaborations

Abstract Background Research capacity in low-income countries (LICs) plays an important role in strengthening national healthcare systems and addressing local health priorities. Research in infectious diseases is especially important as they comprise five of the top 10 causes of death in LICs. While academic collaborations between high-income countries (HICs) and LICs offer many benefits, they also risk structural and professional imbalances. This study explores research capacity as a function of first or last authorship and funding for research conducted in LICs that is published in high-impact infectious disease journals. Methods A literature search using the abstract database Scopus was completed for original research conducted within LICs or using samples collected from LIC subjects published between 1998 – 2017 in Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal of Infectious Diseases, and Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Primary outcomes included the number of LIC first and last authors compared with HIC authors over time. Secondary outcomes included the geographic distribution of research and the proportion of research financed by LICs. Results A total of 1380 articles were identified of which 20% had LIC first authors and 21% had first authors with dual LIC/HIC affiliations. For last authors, 13% were affiliated with a LIC and 15% had dual LIC/HIC affiliation. HIC researchers compiled the majority of first and last authors regardless of geography (Figure 1). The number of studies conducted in LICs increased over the 20-year timeframe (Figure 2) but is attributed to an increase in articles with HIC authors. The number of LIC authors remained unchanged resulting in a decreasing proportion of LIC authors. Only 4% of articles received funding from a LIC; however, 79% of these studies were authored by LIC researchers vs. 39% of studies funded by HIC sources. Conclusion There is a growing appreciation for international HIC/LIC research collaborations with the objective to reduce the burden of infectious diseases that disproportionately affect low-income settings. However, with this increased attention comes the responsibility to improve LIC research capacity. This includes promoting LIC researchers via authorship and supporting sustainability with funding that highlights LIC priorities. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Exploring referral systems for injured patients in low-income countries: a case study from Cambodia

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakahara ◽  
S. Saint ◽  
S. Sann ◽  
M. Ichikawa ◽  
A. Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Referral Systems ◽  
Injured Patients

Immigration and Contract Problems Experienced by Foreign-Educated Nurses

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pittman ◽  
Carolina Herrera ◽  
Joanne Spetz ◽  
Catherine R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
International Recruitment ◽  
The Impact

More than 8% of employed RNs licensed since 2004 in the United States were educated overseas, yet little is known about the conditions of their recruitment or the impact of that experience on health care practice. This study assessed whether the labor rights of foreign-educated nurses were at risk during the latest period of high international recruitment: 2003 to 2007. Using consensus-based standards contained in the Voluntary Code of Ethical Conduct for the Recruitment of Foreign-Educated Health Professionals to the United States, this study found 50% of actively recruited foreign-educated nurses experienced a negative recruitment practice. The study also found that nurses educated in low-income countries and nurses with high contract breach fees, were significantly more likely to report such problems. If, as experts believe may occur, the nursing shortage in the United States returns around 2014, oversight of international recruitment will become critically important to delivering high-quality health care to Americans.

scholarly journals Factors that influence the scale up of new interventions in low-income settings: a qualitative case study of the introduction of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-451
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Callaghan-Koru ◽  
Munia Islam ◽  
Marufa Khan ◽  
Ardy Sowe ◽  
Jahrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Low Income Countries

Abstract There is a well-recognized need for empirical study of processes and factors that influence scale up of evidence-based interventions in low-income countries to address the ‘know-do’ gap. We undertook a qualitative case study of the scale up of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord (CHX) in Bangladesh to identify and compare facilitators and barriers for the institutionalization and expansion stages of scale up. Data collection and analysis for this case study were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the WHO/ExpandNet model of scale up. At the national level, we interviewed 20 stakeholders involved in CHX policy or implementation. At the district level, we conducted interviews with 31 facility-based healthcare providers in five districts and focus group discussions (FGDs) with eight community-based providers and eight programme managers. At the community level, we conducted 7 FGDs with 53 mothers who had a baby within the past year. Expanded interview notes were thematically coded and analysed following an adapted Framework approach. National stakeholders identified external policy and incentives, and the engagement of stakeholders in policy development through the National Technical Working Committee for Newborn Health, as key facilitators for policy and health systems changes. Stakeholders, providers and families perceived the intervention to be simple, safe and effective, and more consistent with family preferences than the prior policy of dry cord care. The major barriers that delayed or decreased the public health impact of the scale up of CHX in Bangladesh’s public health system related to commodity production, procurement and distribution. Bangladesh’s experience scaling up CHX suggests that scale up should involve early needs assessments and planning for institutionalizing new drugs and commodities into the supply chain. While the five CFIR domains were useful for categorizing barriers and facilitators, additional constructs are needed for common health systems barriers in low-income settings.

State of Pharmacoeconomic in Low Income Countries : A Case Study of Yemen

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alshakka ◽  
Thamir Alshammari ◽  
Mukhtar Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries

Postscript Evolutionary ecology to reconcile public health, ethics and politics for infectious diseases control in low-income countries: time to move forward!

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awa Marie Coll Seck ◽  
Ibrahima Seck
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Guinea Worm ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Infectious diseases (IDs) remain a major public health challenge in low-income countries (LICs) despite several striking successes and improvements in their control during the last decades. This includes the eradication of smallpox and rinderpest, and several other pathogens are on the edge of eradication, such as polio or guinea worm. It also concerns other high-profile pathogens that are increasingly more controlled, such as malaria, which has strongly diminished in several regions or measles for which transmission has been strongly impacted by childhood vaccination programs....

The analysis of evolution in eradicating mortalities caused by infectious diseases in East and Central African Countries coinciding with gross national income

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Haijun ◽  
Jean Pierre Namahoro
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases are predominantly within poor population living in low-income countries, while are either treatable or preventable with existing medicines in the first occurring. The highlighted cause is some government choose to spend national budget on several projects do not coincide the basic needs and demands of the population. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare the performance between new cases and deaths caused by diseases; 2) show the effect of gross national income (GNI) in the mortalities reduction, and 3) assess potential evolution in eradicating mortalities in East African countries. Method: WHO database contains data on several responses (new cases of Malaria, Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus, mortalities from tuberculosis among HIV-negative people and new cases of leprosy) recorded from 2004 to 2015. IMB SPSS modeler and Origin 8 were used especially, One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation to achieve the objectives of the study. Results: The p-values for either Levene’ and Brown-Forsythe compared with 0.05 significant level for testing the performance between countries, correlation between GNI with leprosy is -0.5 to -1.0, in five countries, with TB is closer t0 -1.0 in four countries, with deaths from Malaria, is -0.5 to -1.0 in three countries, and new cases from Malaria and protected neonates is 0.5 to 1.0. Conclusion: The relationship between GNI and new cases and deaths indicate the weak effect of GNI in the process of eradicating mortalities, therefore, the government should prioritize the healthcare and use a national budget to monitoring the all complications related to infectious diseases. Key wards: infectious diseases, eradicating mortalities, gross national income

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