scholarly journals Institutional obstacles to Brazil’s economic growth and development

2015 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Werner Baer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

This article tries to discover some of the roots behind Brazil’s slow economic growth. These include the generally low investment/GDP ratio, the country’s incapacity to implement timely infrastructure investments, the long-term overvalued exchange rate, the poverty of human capital, the incapacity to do state-of-the-arts research and development, and the weak educational system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Research and Development Expenditures on Economic Growth: New Evidences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ildırar ◽  
Mehmet Özmen ◽  
Erhan İşcan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Different Types

Research and Development (R&D) is one of the most important variables that affect the country’s economic growth and development through increasing the technology capabilities, enlargement of resource base and promoting in the capability of resource utilization. Countries that innovate by conducting R&D activities always have high economic growth and many researchers emphasized this prominent role of the R&D on economic growth in numerous studies. This study contributes in two ways to this stream of research. Providing new estimates of the effect of R&D expenditures on economic growth is the first contribution to literature. On the other hand, there are different types of R&D expenditures and each of them has different magnitude on the economic growth. Therefore, this study provides evidences about the magnitudes of R&D expenditures. The effect of different types of R&D expenditures on economic growth for the selected OECD countries is examined in this study by utilizing from GMM framework using the data belonging the period of 2003-2014. Income and different R&D expenditure data used to analyze that obtained from OECD Stat. As a conclusion, it is found that all of the R&D expenditures have positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected OECD countries but magnitudes are various. Therefore, policy makers should design the R&D stimulation policies depending on the characteristics of the countries. Accordingly, countries must allocate more resources to different types R&D expenditure for achieving sustainable rate of growth.

scholarly journals Financing Human Development for Sectorial Growth: A Time Series Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Olatunji Shobande ◽  
Charles Etukomeni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The role which financing human development plays in fostering the sectorial growth of an economy cannot be undermined. It is a key instrument which can be utilized to alleviate poverty, create employment and ensure the sustenance of economic growth and development. Thus financing human development for sectorial growth has taken the center stage of economic growth and development strategies in most countries. In a constructive effort to examine the in-depth relationship between the variables in the Nigerian space, this paper provides evidence on the impact of financing human development and sectorial growth in Nigeria between 1982 and 2016, using the Johansen co-integration techniques to test for co-integration among the variables and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to ascertain the speed of adjustment of the variables to their long run equilibrium position. The analysis shows that a long and short run relationship exists between financing human capital development and sectorial growth during the period reviewed. Therefore, the paper argues that for an active foundation for sustainable sectorial growth and development, financing human capital development across each unit is urgently required through increased budgetary allocation for both health and educational sectors since they are key components of human capital development in a nation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE MACROECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL DISASTERS AND SUBSEQUENT DISCLOSURES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
R. Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Impact

The article reviews the macroeconomic consequences of natural disasters based on the ECLAC methodology, which separates direct physical damage from indirect damage and additional or secondary effects. A study of the impact of natural disasters on long-term economic growth and development has shown that the scarcity of financial resources after a natural disaster reduces future growth and requires the disclosure of risks associated with dangerous natural phenomena for three reasons. Firstly, there are large opportunity costs associated with diverting scarce financial resources into relief and disaster recovery efforts. Secondly, natural disasters can damage an already complex budgeting process. Thirdly, natural disasters place high demands on international aid resources, diverting resources from development. Natural disasters have a negative impact on both the short and long term. These developments refute the somewhat simplistic notion of a general decline in vulnerability to natural disasters as the economy grows. Instead, a more sophisticated perspective needs to be adopted and applied when conducting detailed macroeconomic risk assessments. Based on the results of such assessments, the risks associated with natural hazards should be included in general development policies and plans. Risk management strategies should also reflect the fact that disasters occur in different hazard categories (climatic, geophysical or epidemic) and entail different risk reduction options. It is also necessary to assess the experience gained from specific events and, if necessary, take appropriate action. Disasters can cause policy and institutional innovation changes that ultimately benefit, in some cases, not only in reducing vulnerability but also in supporting economic growth and development: deregulating agricultural investment, applying climate forecasting to reduce the impact of climate variability, financial risk management mechanisms. In order to manage risks and mitigate the effects of natural disasters by informing users of financial statements about possible side effects of the pandemic, the issue of disclosure and recalculation of financial statements was considered to reflect the effects of coronavirus on companies and assess financial risks.

scholarly journals The Importance of Entrepreneurship Education on Economic Growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Bal ◽  
Erhan İşcan ◽  
Birgül Katar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship is one of the prominent individual properties in transition from industrial society to artificial intelligence society. It is extremely important to raise entrepreneurs who can easily adapt to changing circumstances, in a society’s economic growth and development. An entrepreneurship has different qualities in terms of manners and attributes such as leadership, ability to see the opportunities, to pursue the innovations, to take risk, independence, diligence, creative thinking, fast problem solving. It is thought to be the economic growth depended on physical capital increase as well as labor and capital. Education is the most crucial component of human capital. In recent years, the most striking result of endogenous growth model of Romer who contributed the improvement of human capital theory is relatively the economies that have higher sum of human capital rate will have higher economic growth rate. The main aim of this study is to determine the impact of the entrepreneurship education on economic growth and development. For this aim a questionnaire is prepared to analyze the potential impact of the entrepreneurship education on economic growth and development. Results of analyze shown that the entrepreneurship education is necessary and important for entrepreneurship. Therefore, entrepreneurship education and training is sufficient for economic growth. The policy makers should spend more resources on the education that increases the human and social capital.

scholarly journals Rola przedsiębiorczości w podnoszeniu konkurencyjności społeczeństwa i gospodarki

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zioło
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Competitive Power ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Ethical Choices

The goal of this article is to present what role human capital and attitudes of entrepreneurial persons play in increasing the competitive power of economy, when informational civilization develops. Role of a man and his ethical choices during social and economic growth and development of corporations, is emphasize in this work.

«Green» Factor in Innovative Modernization of the Economy: a Challenge for Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Boris Porfiriev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Economic Growth And Development

Innovative modernization of the economy is a multifactorial process. One of these factors, which attracts the attention of the high political and business circles, could be described as the green factor of innovative modernization. This factor means a combination of environmental and climate challenges for long-term economic growth and development of society as a whole, the strategy of response that provides search and develop innovative technological and management solutions that maintain a sustainable level and quality of life, including the reduction of risks to the quality of the human living environment.

A Temporal and Situational Approach in Tourism Education as a Mechanism for Economic Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Evangelina Cruz Barba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
Growth Economic

The argument of this chapter is that tourism education can generate a positive impact on the economic growth of a country by fostering a link between education and work, including economic development. A review of the literature based on the use of bibliometric techniques is performed, but quantification of the work is not conducted; however, Web of Science and Scopus, among other databases, are consulted in relation to economic growth, economic development, human capital and tourism education. All this around the theoretical economic and sociological framework that sustains this work.

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