Effect of Sodium Butyrate, Sodium Salt of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (Dicosan) in Combatting Clostridium perfringens Induced Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chicken

Abstract Research has demonstrated that medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) can serve as reduction strategies for bacterial and viral pathogens in animal feed and ingredients. However, it is unknown how the type or level of MCFA impact bacteria growth. This can be tested through a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) benchtop assay, which identifies the lowest concentration of a chemical that prevents visible growth of a bacterium. The objective of this study was to 1) determine the MCFA MIC of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, and C12:0 for generic Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter coli, and Clostridium perfringens; 2) determine the MIC of commercial based MCFA products against the same bacteria; and 3) determine the effect of 2 commercial based MCFA products on the quantification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. For Exp. 1 and 2, MIC were determined by modified microbroth dilution method using a 96 well microtiter plate with a concentration of 105 CFU/mL for each bacterial strain. For Exp. 3, the two products selected for quantification were mixed with a complete swine diet and inoculated with two concentrations (106 or 102 CFU/g of feed) of a NalR strain of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) for bacterial enumeration. From Exp. 1, the MIC of MCFA varied among bacteria species. The lowest MIC of the MCFA was 0.43% of a 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0 for Campylobacter coli, 0.25% C12:0 for Clostridium perfringens, 0.60% 1:1:1 blend for generic Escherichia coli, 0.53% C6:0 for ETEC, and 0.40% C6:0 for Salmonella Typhimurium. In Exp. 2, products containing high concentrations of C6:0 or C8:0 had lower MIC in gram negative bacteria. In Exp. 3, feed containing either of the commercial based MCFA products reduced (linear, P < 0.05) quantifiable ETEC. Overall, the inhibitory efficacy of MCFA varies among bacteria species. This suggests that MCFA mixtures may provide a wider spectrum of bacterial control. As commercial products containing MCFA become available for livestock, it is important to consider the interaction between MCFA chain length and concentration on the potential to effectively mitigate various feed-based bacteria.

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Short and Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as a Natural Strategy in the Control of Necrotic Enteritis and Microbial Homeostasis in Broiler Chickens

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.773372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Luis-Miguel Gomez-Osorio ◽

Veronica Yepes-Medina ◽

Anne Ballou ◽

Manuela Parini ◽

Roselina Angel

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) has historically been the most important prophylactic strategy for the control of Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by some Clostridium perfringens toxin types in poultry. During the last five decades, AGPs have also been supplemented in feed to improve body weight gain and feed efficiency as well as to modulate the microbiome (consisting of microbes and their genes both beneficial and potentially harmful) and reduce enteric pathogens, among other benefits. New regulatory requirements and consumer preferences have led to strong interest in natural alternatives to the AGPs for the prevention and control of illnesses caused by enteric pathogens. This interest is not just focused on the direct removal or inhibition of the causative microorganisms but also the improvement of intestinal health and homeostasis using a range of feed additives. A group of promising feed additives is short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA, respectively) and their derivatives. The use of SCFA and MCFA, including butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids, has shown strong effects against NE in broilers both at experimental and commercial levels. These fatty acids also benefit intestinal health integrity and homeostasis. Other effects have also been documented, including increases in intestinal angiogenesis and gene expression of tight junctions. Chemical modifications to improve stability and point of release in the intestine have been shown to improve the efficacy of SCFA and MCFA and their derivatives. The aim of this review is to give an overview of SCFA, MCFA and their derivatives, as an alternative to replace AGPs to control the incidence and severity of NE in poultry.

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416 Effect of sodium butyrate protected with medium chain fatty acids or Bacillus licheniformis on behavior of weaned piglets oral challenged with ETEC K88

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/asasann.2017.416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽

pp. 205-205

Author(s):

M. Puyalto ◽

S.A. NOREL

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4+

Archives of Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1080/1745039x.2020.1726719 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 271-295

Author(s):

Paola López-Colom ◽

Lorena Castillejos ◽

Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento ◽

Mónica Puyalto ◽

Juan José Mallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Gut Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Enhanced Bioavailability of Curcumin Nanoemulsions Stabilized with Phosphatidylcholine Modified with Medium Chain Fatty Acids

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201813666160919142811 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 377-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Angelica A. Ochoa-Flores ◽

Josafat A. Hernández-Becerra ◽

Adriana Cavazos-Garduño ◽

Ida Soto-Rodríguez ◽

Maria Guadalupe Sanchez-Otero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Effects of ketogenic diet containing medium-chain fatty acids on serum inflammatory factor and mTOR signaling pathway in rats

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-020-00194-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huan Liu ◽

Jingwei Huang ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Feng Li ◽

Quansheng Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Mtor Pathway ◽

Inflammatory Factor ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background The ketogenic diet (KD) can promote the anti-inflammatory metabolic state and increase ketone body level in rats. This study was to explore the effects and differences of KD with or without medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on serum inflammatory factors and mTOR pathway in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Results Male SD rats were assigned to five groups: control diet (C), 20% caloric restriction diet (LC), 20% caloric restriction ketogenic diet (containing MCFAs) (LCKD1), 20% caloric restriction ketogenic diet (LCKD2) and 20% caloric restriction foreign ketogenic diet (LCKD3), and fed for 30 d. LC and KD could significantly reduce the body weight of rats; LC and KD containing MCFAs showed anti-inflammatory effects; KD without MCFAs decreased the concentration of mTOR1, while KD containing MCFAs decreased the expression of AMPK, mtor1 and P70sk. Conclusions KD containing MCFAs showed better effects on the mTOR pathway and anti-inflammation than that without MCFAs.

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