Antibody Activity before and after Pneumococcal Vaccination of Otitis-prone and Non-otitis-prone Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 101 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Kalm ◽  
Karin Prellner ◽  
Anders Freud ◽  
Briotta Rynnel-Dagöö
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Before And After

Renal transplantation: HLA-linked, non-cytotoxic antibodies develop after blood transfusion

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. MacLeod ◽  
Keith N. Stewart ◽  
Stanislaw Urbaniak ◽  
Graeme R. D. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Receptor Blocking ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

1. A previously untransfused dialysis patient was given blood from a single donor on three occasions and sera were obtained from the recipient before and after transfusion. 2. The sera were tested against B-lymphocytes from the blood donor and his family in the erythrocyte–antibody rosette inhibition assay to determine whether any Fc-receptor-blocking activity which developed was HLA linked. 3. Antibody activity was noted after the second transfusion and was directed toward B-lymphocytes from the blood donor and his family members sharing the haplotype HLA A11, B12 with him. 4. These antibodies were removed by the absorption of active sera with lymphocytes from the blood donor but not from (a) his sibling who shared no HLA antigens with him or (b) the transfusion recipient. Absorption of the active sera with platelets from the blood donor did not remove activity. 5. These results indicate that Fc-receptor-blocking antibodies developing after blood transfusion are directed to HLA-linked antigens on donor lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from nasopharynges of children infected with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia, pre- and post-pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Muktiarti ◽  
Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri ◽  
Wisnu Tafroji ◽  
Lia Waslia ◽  
Dodi Safari
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Type Strains

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae carried by children infected with HIV before and after vaccination with the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2013. We collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 52 children pre-vaccination and 6 months post-vaccination. Serotyping was performed by conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction and Quellung reaction. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was obtained by disc diffusion. We determined that 27 (52%) and 24 (46%) of the 52 children carried S. pneumoniae during pre- and post-vaccination periods, respectively with the majority of the isolates being non-vaccine type strains (85% pre-vaccination and 75% post-vaccination). Serotypes 34, 6C, and 16F (two strains each) were the most commonly identified serotypes at pre-vaccination. Serotypes 23A (three strains) and 19F (two strains) were the most commonly identified serotypes post-vaccination. In general, isolates were most commonly susceptible to chloramphenicol (88%) and clindamycin (88%), followed by erythromycin (84%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (69%), tetracycline (61%), and penicillin (59%). In conclusion, serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynges of children infected with HIV varied and were more likely to be non-vaccine type strains both before and after vaccination.

ANTIBODY PRODUCTION IN MILK SERUM AFTER VIRUS INSTILLATION OF GOAT MAMMARY GLAND: II. BIOCHEMICAL ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIBODY TO INFLUENZA VIRUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Pasieka ◽  
L. F. Guerin ◽  
Chas. A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Fraction Collector ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Working Procedure

Goat milk was obtained from the right lactiferous sinus following instillation of PR8 influenza type A virus. The proteins precipitated from goat milk serum by (NH4)2SO4 were found to contain antibody activity and further purification was undertaken. In the development of the method the protein solutions were subjected to paper chromatography and paper and polyacetate high voltage electrophoresis, both before and after a number of isolation and purification steps. In addition, preparations from each step were run on the Technicon amino acid analyzer for the presence of amino acids and (or) peptides.As a working procedure, a preparation obtained after cold acetone precipitation was subjected to rivanol treatment, and after electrophoresis a single protein band containing the antibody was obtained. This material was further purified by gel filtration using a Bio-Rad P150 column. The antibody containing protein was finally isolated in the eluate by a fraction collector using phosphate buffer as the eluting fluid. There was excellent recovery of the antibody activity in each preparation.

scholarly journals Can individuals with low antibody responses to vaccines against other viruses acquire adequate SARS-CoV-2 antibody after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Ogura ◽  
Kouki Ohtsuka ◽  
Sachiko Matsuura ◽  
Takahiro Okuyama ◽  
Satsuki Matsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Threshold ◽  
Antibody Levels

Objective In Japan, healthcare workers (HCWs) are vaccinated against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other contagious viruses (measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, and hepatitis B) to prevent nosocomial infection. However, some do not produce sufficient antibodies after vaccination (low responders). This study investigated changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels among HCWs after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and assessed whether low responders produced adequate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and neutralizing antibodies. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of HCWs before and after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The HCWs received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, 3 weeks apart. Those whose antibody levels against previous antiviral vaccines did not reach protective antibody levels after receiving two doses were defined as low responders, whereas those who produced adequate antibodies were defined as normal responders. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies were measured 11 times from before the first BNT162b2 vaccination to 5 months after the second vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity was measured twice in low responders, 1 week to 1 month and 5 months after the second vaccination. Results Fifty HCWs were included in the analytic cohort. After vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody was detectable in the samples from both responders at each timepoint, but the level was lower at 5 months than at 1 week after the second vaccination. Low responders had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity 1 week to 1 month after the second vaccination, which exceeded the positive threshold after 5 months. Conclusion After BNT162b2 vaccination, low responders acquired adequate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies to prevent SARS-CoV-2. However, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels were lower at 5 months than at 1 week after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in low and normal responders. Therefore, low responders should also receive a third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine.

Trends in serotype prevalence in invasive pneumococcal disease before and after infant pneumococcal vaccination in Belgium, 2002–2010

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1529-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens Liesenborghs ◽  
Jan Verhaegen ◽  
Willy E. Peetermans ◽  
Jozef Vandeven ◽  
Johan Flamaing
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in children before and after pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
S. V. Sidorenko ◽  
I. V. Feldblum ◽  
N. V. Bakhareva
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After

Aim. To investigate how the pneumococcal vaccination affects the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.Materials and Methods. In 2011-2019, 1,852 healthy children (1,354 aged ≤ 5 years and 480 aged from 6 to 17 years) were examined for the nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. Of them, 539 children were tested before the start of pneumococcal vaccination (2011-2014), while 1,313 were tested during the vaccine campaign (2015-2019). Pneumococcal strains were serotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Results. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution considerably differed between children ≤ 5 and 6-17 years of age. Serotypes 23F, 19F, 19A, 6AB, and 15BC were prevalent in children ≤ 5 years of age while the older children were characterised by a high prevalence of capsular serotypes (3 and 33AF/37), serogroup 9 (9AV and 9LN), non-typeable streptococci, as well as 19F, 6AB and 6CD serotypes. Vaccination was associated with a significantly decreased prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (from 41.5% to 19.2%) among children ≤ 5 years of age, while this reduction was less pronounced (from 13.5 to 9.0%) in older children. Vaccination led to the shift in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes towards an increased prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes that was particularly prominent in children ≤ 5 years of age. In particular, vaccination reduced the prevalence of 23F and 19A pneumococcal serotypes but heightened prevalence of 11AD serotype and to the appearance of previously undetected serotypes such as 8, 10A, 17F, 22F, 24ABF, 34, and 39.Conclusion. Pneumococcal vaccination decreased prevalence of pneumococcal carriage, yet causing a serotype replacement effect requiring improved microbiological monitoring in children of all age groups.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal disease: emergence of serotypes 19A and 7F following conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in a Mexican hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Chacon-Cruz ◽  
Yazbeck Velazco-Mendez ◽  
Samuel Navarro-Alvarez ◽  
Rosa Maria Rivas-Landeros ◽  
Maria Luisa Volker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serotype Identification ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Introduction: Mexico  was  the  first  country  to  initiate  massive  vaccination  with   heptavalent  pneumococcal  conjugate  vaccine  (PCV-7)  in  children.  There  is  no  information  regarding  pneumococcal  invasive  disease  (PID)  in  children  before  and  after  implementation  of  PCV-7  in  Mexico  or elsewhere  in  Latin America. Methodology: During  October  2005 to September  2010, active  surveillance  for  pediatric  PID  was  initiated  at  Tijuana  General  Hospital. Only culture-confirmed cases from sterile  fluids  were  included in the study.  Serotype identification was also performed.  Results: Twenty-eight pediatric PID cases were confirmed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main  cause  of  pleural  empyema  (n = 13). It was also the  second most common cause  of  confirmed  bacterial  meningitis  (n = 10),  followed  by  Neisseria  meningitidis (n = ?),  and  the  only  cause  of  otomastoiditis  with  bacterial  isolation  (n = 5).  Vaccine-associated  serotypes  decreased  from  54%  before  PCV-7  introduction  to  the  vaccination  schedule,  to  only  5.6%  after  PCV-7  implementation. Serotypes  19A  and  7F  (47%  and  33%  respectively)  were  predominant  following  PCV-7  vaccination. Conclusions: Serotype  substitution  in  PID  is  present  in the  northern  border  of  Mexico  following  PCV-7  vaccination  in  children.

scholarly journals Characterization of Critical Determinants of ACE2-RBD Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. F. Brown ◽  
Reza Rezaei ◽  
Taylor Jamieson ◽  
Jaahnavi Dave ◽  
Nikolas T. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated greater widespread virulence and unique challenges to researchers aiming to study its pathogenicity in humans. The interaction of the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) with its main host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has emerged as a critical focal point for the development of anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines. Utilizing our recently developed NanoBiT technology-based biosensor, we selectively identify and characterize the impact of mutating certain amino acid residues in the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and in ACE2. Specifically, we examine the mutational effects on RBD-ACE2 binding ability, before and after the addition of competitive inhibitors, as well as neutralizing antibody activity. These critical determinants of virus-host interactions may provide more effective targets for ongoing vaccines, drug development, and potentially pave the way for determining the genetic variation underlying disease severity.

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