Prospection and its relationship to instrumental activities of daily living in patients with mild traumatic brain injury with cognitive impairment

Abstract Mild Cognitive Impairment is characterized as an intermediate form between age-related change and dementia. For the elderly, autonomy and independence are related to the ability to remain active in conducting their social activities and, for this to occur, communication is fundamental in this process. Objective: To assess the association between communication and the abilities of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment to perform instrumental activities of daily living. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical, correlational study was conducted at the Open University of the Third Age (UnATI), a program of the Federal University of Pernambuco. This study included 92 people, comprising 46 elderly with mild cognitive impairment and a caregiver or family member who met the inclusion criteria. The elderly were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and Lawton-Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The caregivers were asked to complete the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills. The following variables were studied: social communication skills and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were stored in an Excel® 2007 spreadsheet, and the Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: There were statistically significant correlations in four domains of social communication: referring to family members by name (p=0.0033); requesting information about people or events (p=0.0355); understanding conversations in a noisy environment (p=0.0448); and understanding what they watch on television or listen to on the radio (p=0.0127). Conclusion: Changes in the communication of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment interfere with their ability to perform instrumental activities autonomously and independently.

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Providing Verbal Assistance When Assessing Individuals Living with a Traumatic Brain Injury

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/00084174211034263 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000841742110342

Author(s):

Mireille Gagnon-Roy ◽

Nathalie Bier ◽

Stéphanie Boulé-Riley ◽

Heidi Keurentjes ◽

Priscilla Lam Wai Shun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Clinical Reasoning ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Daily Living ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Think Aloud ◽

Accurate Assessment ◽

Level Of Understanding

Background. Occupational therapists play a major role in identifying the assistance needs of individuals living with a traumatic brain injury. However, to obtain an accurate assessment, verbal assistance should be provided only when necessary, according to the person's needs. Purpose. This study aimed to understand (1) how verbal assistance is provided during an evaluation of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and (2) why it is provided in this manner. Method. Interviews were conducted with three expert occupational therapists using their own videotaped evaluation and a “think-aloud” method to explore their clinical reasoning when providing verbal assistance. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings. The process of providing verbal assistance was recognized as flexible and nonlinear, and influenced by various factors including the participants’ level of understanding of the client's abilities. Implications. This information will help therapists better understand how and when to provide verbal assistance when assessing their clients.

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Factors Influencing Reversion to Normal Cognition and Progression to Dementia in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing ◽

10.17079/jkgn.2021.23.3.297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 297-310

Author(s):

Sujin Eom ◽

Ju-Young Ha

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Study Data ◽

Social Activities ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Normal Cognition

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting reversion to normal cognition and progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 2 years.Methods: We analyzed data from the 6th and 7th “Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA)”. A total of 773 participants aged 65 years and above classified as having MCI according to the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination in the 6th survey were included in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software using x2 test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Of all the participants, 30.5% reverted to normal cognition, 48.5% remained with MCI, and 21.0% progressed to dementia. Factors such as young age (odds ratio [OR]=0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94~0.99), the absence of diabetes (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.01~2.19), and frequent neighbor networks “at least once or twice a month” (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.26~4.37), and “at least once a week” (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.03~2.56) compared to “never or less than 6 times a year” significantly associated with reversion to normal cognition. Meanwhile, factors such as old age (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05~1.12), low level of perceived socioeconomic status (reference. above middle) (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05~2.41), low levels of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05~1.32), and a small number of social activities (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.51~0.96) significantly associated with dementia progression.Conclusion: The study indicates the necessity of follow-up research for developing interventions that could aid individuals in reverting to normal cognitive function by managing diabetes or encouraging interaction with neighbors and preventing the progression to dementia by improving Instrumental Activities of Daily Living levels or encouraging participation in social activities.

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Longitudinal Declines in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Stable and Progressive Mild Cognitive Impairment

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000365587 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julia J. Hsiao ◽

Po H. Lu ◽

Joshua D. Grill ◽

Edmond Teng

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Functional Deficits ◽

Functional Activities ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that assessments of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) may be useful for operationalizing the differences in functional deficits seen in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, their utility for longitudinal changes in IADLs in the transition between MCI and dementia remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal IADL data with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) in stable (MCI-S; n = 1,318) or progressive (MCI-P; n = 1,108) MCI patients. Results: Larger increases in FAQ scores were seen in the MCI-P group across a 14.5-month interval, but overlapping distributions in the two groups yielded poorer discriminatory power than prior cross-sectional reports. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the difficulties in operationalizing the criterion of ‘essentially intact' IADLs in MCI, which may complicate the interpretation of disease progression in MCI treatment trials. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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