scholarly journals The international organizations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Milos Bjelic ◽  
Jerzy Krol
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Developing World ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Widespread Interest

During the Plenary Session on Prosthetics and Orthotics in the Developing Countries the representatives of the United Nations and the World Health Organization expressed the personal views which follow. They are presented here to the membership at large in view of the widespread interest and the Society's involvement in the problems of improving service in the developing world.

The Reaction to the Ebola Epidemic within the United Nations Framework: What Next for the World Health Organization?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-424
Author(s):  
Pia Acconci
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Security Council ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (who) was established in 1946 as a specialized agency of the United Nations (un). Since its establishment, the who has managed outbreaks of infectious diseases from a regulatory, as well as an operational perspective. The adoption of the International Health Regulations (ihrs) has been an important achievement from the former perspective. When the Ebola epidemic intensified in 2014, the who Director General issued temporary recommendations under the ihrs in order to reduce the spread of the disease and minimize cross-border barriers to international trade. The un Secretary General and then the Security Council and the General Assembly have also taken action against the Ebola epidemic. In particular, the Security Council adopted a resolution under Chapter vii of the un Charter, and thus connected the maintenance of the international peace and security to the health and social emergency. After dealing with the role of the who as a guide and coordinator of the reaction to epidemics, this article shows how the action by the Security Council against the Ebola epidemic impacts on the who ‘authority’ for the protection of health.

A tale of two doctors

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Julian H. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
American Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The recent shift of funding emphasis on the part of the World Health Organization, turning from research orientation to provision of practical delivery systems, highlights the divergence of goals which must be established for the medical "haves" and "have-nots"—the developed and the developing world countries. The same orientation applies as well to schema for medical education in these two worlds, and the implications were impressed upon me last year in what I would somewhat facetiously label a tale of two doctors, reviewing experiences I had with two American-trained native physicians in a Latin country. Having reflected at length on a year away from familiar North American medicine, weighing the new experiences in the light of the old, I find that these two professional pathways illustrate the developed world's gifts of foreign medical aid (educational assistance) and the developing world's utilization of those grants.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding-An Extensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Jesmin Sultana ◽  
Muhammad Rabiul Hossain ◽  
Nurun Nahar Fatema Begum ◽  
Nure Ishrat Nazme
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

 Breastfeeding has been accepted as the most vital intervention for reducing infant mortality and ensuring optimal growth and development of children. Breastfeeding is also considered as the most economical and easily accessible complete nutrition for every new born child1. Poor breastfeeding practices are widespread. It is estimated that sub-optimal breastfeeding, especially non-exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, results in 1.4 million deaths and 10% of the disease burden in children younger than 5 years of age2. Reviews of studies from developing countries showed that infants who were not breast fed were 6 to 10 times more likely to die in the first months of life than infants who are breast fed3. The World Health Organization has stated that in 2000, only 16% of mothers in Pakistan exclusively breast feed for a period of three months, as compared to other developing countries where the ratio is higher like Bangladesh (46%), India (37%), and Sri Lanka (84%)4. More than 15% of 24 lakh child deaths could be averted in India by optimal breastfeeding practices5. The key to successful breastfeeding is Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategies aimed at behavior change6. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life7. Variables that may influence breastfeeding include race, maternal age, maternal employment, level of education of parents, socio-economic status, insufficient milk supply, infant health problems, method of delivery, maternal interest and other related related factors8,9. Over the last decade, overwhelming scientific evidence supporting the integral role of breastfeeding in the survival, growth and development of a child, as well as the health and well-being of a mother has come to light10. Different studies were designed at national and international level to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices (kap) towards breastfeeding among postnatal mothers and factors that determine them1. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(2) 2015: 76-83

scholarly journals The Second Most Difficult Job in the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Jan Klabbers
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article addresses the ecology and functioning of the World Health Organization in a time of crisis, zooming in on the pressures on both the organization and its leadership generated by the circumstance that the organization cannot avoid allocating costs and benefits when taking decisions. The article argues that the covid-19 crisis illustrates how international organizations generally and the who in particular are subjected to conflicting demands, and how this impacts on the role of decision-makers. The latter, it transpires, need to display considerable practical wisdom.

Vaccines for Peace: An Incentive for Developing Countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Graham S. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Health Organization

The Article in the August, 1992 issue of Politics and the Life Sciences by Erhard Geissler proposing the establishment of an international Vaccines for Peace (VFP) program to undertake research on and production of vaccines against pathogens (and possible toxins) that pose natural health threats is warmly welcomed. VFP is designed to contribute to health care in developing countries and to enhance international cooperation in biotechnology; it would be administered by the World Health Organization (WHO). Such a program would bring real and tangible benefits to developing countries and encourage participation by such countries in the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention signed in 1972.

Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Ascher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First World

The International Health Conference, convened by the United Nations in New York in the summer of 1946, adopted a Constitution for a World Health Organization. It set up an Interim Commission of persons designated by eighteen named states to prepare for the First World Health Assembly and to carry on tasks inherited from previous international organizations. Unexpected delays in ratifications of the Constitution obliged the Interim Commission to operate for two years. WHO has thus been free to shape its destiny only from the time of the First World Health Assembly in the summer of 1948; it began its work formally as of September 1, 1948. The activities from 1946 to 1948 were largely determined by heritages from earner organizations; these, indeed, dominated the first program of WHO. The intervening three years have witnessed new trends, which some observers applaud and others view with doubt, if not alarm. It may be fruitful at this time to record some of these trends, to note the pressures which caused them and their implications for WHO's program and work-plan.

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