scholarly journals A comparison of the SACH and single axis foot in the gait of unilateral below-knee amputees

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Doane ◽  
L. E. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Points Of View

The gait patterns of unilateral below-knee amputees wearing prostheses with either a SACH foot or a single axis foot were compared. A temporary below-knee prosthesis was fabricated for each subject using plaster of Paris and Plastazote for the socket, a pylon and an artificial foot. Eight subjects were filmed at two separate sessions, one in which the SACH foot was worn on their prosthesis and one with the single axis foot on their prosthesis. Measurements of the normal leg with a SACH foot on the prosthetic limb were compared to measurements of the normal leg with a single axis foot on the prosthesis. Measurements of the prosthetic leg with both devices were also compared. A one tailed t test (p<.05) was used to determine statistical significance of the results obtained in six measurements of lower limb joint angles and on the percentage of the time of gait cycle for stance and swing phase of the prosthetic leg. Discussion centres on the interpretation of the results from both statistical and clinical points of view. Major differences (excepting the ankle at foot-flat) between the prosthetic devices were not found.

Investigating the Effect of Real-Time Center of Pressure (CoP) Feedback Training on the Swing Phase of Lower Limb Kinematics in Transfemoral Prostheses with SACH foot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Tiwari ◽  
Abhijeet Kujur ◽  
Jyoti Kumar ◽  
Deepak Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Angles

Abstract Transfemoral amputee often encounters reduced toe clearance resulting in trip-related falls. Swing phase joint angles have been shown to influence the toe clearance therefore, training intervention that targets shaping the swing phase joint angles can potentially enhance toe clearance. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of the shift in the location of the center of pressure (CoP) during heel strike on modulation of the swing phase joint angles in able-bodied participants (n=6) and transfemoral amputees (n=3). We first developed a real-time CoP-based visual feedback system such that participants could shift the CoP during treadmill walking. Next, the kinematic data were collected during two different walking sessions- baseline (without feedback) and feedback (shifting the CoP anteriorly/posteriorly at heel strike to match the target CoP location). Primary swing phase joint angle adaptations were observed with feedback such that during the mid-swing phase, posterior CoP shift feedback significantly increases (p&lt;0.05) the average hip and knee flexion angle by 11.55 degrees and 11.86 degrees respectively in amputees, whereas a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in ankle dorsiflexion, hip and knee flexion angle by 3.60 degrees, 3.22 degrees, and 1.27 degrees respectively compared to baseline was observed in able-bodied participants. Moreover, an opposite kinematic adaptation was seen during anterior CoP shift feedback. Overall, results confirm a direct correlation between the CoP shift and the modulation in the swing phase lower limb joint angles.

Kinetic Differences in a Subject With Two Different Prosthetic Knees While Performing Sitting and Standing Movements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek J. Lura ◽  
M. Jason Highsmith ◽  
Stephanie L. Carey ◽  
Rajiv V. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prosthetic Knees

Advanced prostheses are currently being sold in consumer markets. The development of these advanced prostheses is largely a result of a better understanding of the biomechanics of human locomotion [1]. Powered and microprocessor controlled prostheses are offering better performance in a variety of movements and in the gait cycle. However the focus in lower limb prosthetics has been largely on locomotion (e.g. walking, stair gait and running). This study focuses on the sit and stand cycles of an individual with an Otto Bock C-leg and an Ossur Power Knee prosthesis, comparing his ability to utilize each prosthesis and comparing his cycle to that of a healthy (non-amputee) control subject. This study is part of a larger ongoing study of the sit and stand cycles seen in a large population of unilateral transfemoral prosthetic users of various kinds. The purpose of this study is to compare the difference in method of standing, and assistance provided by the prosthesis. With the knowledge gained from this study we hope to better understand the biomechanics of the sit and stand cycles, leading to better prostheses in the future.

scholarly journals Newly designed computer controlled knee-ankle-foot orthosis (Intelligent Orthosis)

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suga ◽  
O. Kameyama ◽  
R. Ogawa ◽  
M. Matsuura ◽  
H. Oka
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Foot Orthosis

The authors have developed a knee-ankle-foot orthosis with a joint unit that controls knee movements using a microcomputer (Intelligent Orthosis). The Intelligent Orthosis was applied to normal subjects and patients, and gait analysis was performed. In the gait cycle, the ratio of the stance phase to the swing phase was less in gait with the knee locked using a knee-ankle-foot orthosis than in gait without an orthosis or gait with the knee controlled by a microcomputer. The ratio of the stance phase to the swing phase between controlled gait and normal gait was similar. For normal subjects the activity of the tibialis anterior was markedly increased from the heel-off phase to the swing phase in locked gait. The muscle activities of the lower limb were lower in controlled force in locked gait showed spikes immediately after heel-contact in the vertical at heel-contact in the sagittal to locked gait, gait with the Intelligent Orthosis is smooth and close to normal gait from the viewpoint of biomechanics. Even in patients with muscle weakness of the quadriceps, control of the knee joint using the Intelligent Orthosis resulted in a more smooth gait with low muscle discharge.

Determination of Optimal Counter-Mass Location in Active Prostheses for Transfemoral Amputees to Replicate Sound Limb Swing

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Telwak ◽  
P. Voglewede ◽  
M. B. Silver-Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Hip Flexion

Recent advances in lower limb prostheses have involved the design of active, powered prosthetic knee and ankle-foot components capable of generating knee and ankle torques similar to that of normal gait. The associated componentry results in increased mass of the respective prosthesis, which affects the swing phase of gait. The goal of this study was to develop a computer model of the transfemoral residual limb and prosthesis, inclusive of an active ankle-foot, and investigate counter-mass magnitude(s) and location(s) via model optimization that might improve lower limb kinematic symmetry between the residual/prosthetic limb (approximated by the computer model) and the sound limb (approximated by able-bodied motion data) during swing phase. Single- (thigh only, shank only) and multisegment (both thigh and shank) optimization of counter-mass magnitudes and locations indicated that a 2.0 kg counter-mass added 8 cm distal and 10 cm posterior to the distal end of the knee unit within the shank segment approximated knee kinematics of the sound limb. This counter-mass location, however, reduced hip flexion during swing phase. While such a counter-mass location and magnitude demonstrated theoretical potential, the location is not clinically realistic; mass can only be practically added within the prosthesis, distal to the residual limb. Clinically, realistic counter-masses must also keep the total prosthetic mass to less than 5 kg; greater mass may require supplemental prosthetic suspension, may increase energy expenditure during ambulation and may increase the likelihood of fatigue, even with active prosthetic components. The ability to simulate the kinematic effects of active prosthetic components, inclusive of varying placement of battery and signal conditioning units, may advance the design of active prostheses that will minimize kinematic asymmetry and result in greater patient acceptance.

Clinical skills and assessment

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Normal Variants ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Abnormal Gait

Epidemiology of paediatric musculoskeletal conditions 2History taking, physical examination, and approaches to investigation 4Normal variants of lower limb development 9The gait cycle and abnormal gait patterns 11Normal gait and musculoskeletal development 15pGALS: paediatric gait, arms, legs, spine musculoskeletal screening examination ...

scholarly journals Effects of adding load to the gait of children with cerebral palsy: a three-case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Rocha Simão ◽  
Élida Rayanne Viana Pinheiro Galvão ◽  
Débora Oliveira da Silveira Fonseca ◽  
Dayse Aleixo Bezerra ◽  
Amanda Capistrano de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Our purpose in this study was to analyze the immediate effects of locomotor gait training with different loads on a treadmill on the kinematic parameters of gait in children with Spastic Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (SHCP), as well as investigating which load prompted the most adequate motor responses to promote the propulsion of the Paretic Lower Limb (PLL). This case report included 3 children of both sexes, aged 8-12 years. The children walked on the treadmill with loads on their ankles that corresponded to 40, 50 and 60% of the weight of the Lower Limb (LL), on 3 different non-consecutive days. The kinematic parameters were assessed during the pre-training phase (PTPH) and immediately after training (PHI). The spatiotemporal variables did not change immediately after gait training with the aforementioned loads. On the other hand, we observed wider joint angles in the hip and knee during the swing phase immediately after training, especially with a load of 60% of the weight of the lower limb. These findings indicate that the 60% load is the most appropriate to prompt immediate changes in the joint kinematics of the PLL. These alterations can be important in improving propulsion during the swing phase of gait in children with SHCP.

scholarly journals Prosthetic limb use in Australia 1981-1985 under the Free Limb Scheme

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Upper Limb Prostheses ◽  
Lower Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Limb Prosthesis

A study has been made of data on 19,421 prosthetic limbs prescribed for 12,143 Australians under the Free Limb Scheme in the years 1981–1985. These prostheses consisted of 18,119 legs and 1,302 arms. The mean age of the lower limb prosthesis user was 52.8 and the upper limb prosthesis user 31.3 years. Males outnumbered females by 3 to 1 in the upper limb prosthesis users, and 2.8 to 1 with lower limb prosthesis users. Below-knee prostheses, patellar-tendon-bearing and thigh-lacing prostheses, made up 58.7% of all prostheses prescribed in the time span. Below-elbow prostheses were the commonest upper limb prostheses with children being the most frequent users. Comparisons with other studies of large number of prosthesis users show an older mean age in Australia and more below-knee prosthesis users than in American studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Friction in Total Knee Prosthesis during a Standard Gait Cycle

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Matúš Ranuša ◽  
Markus A. Wimmer ◽  
Spencer Fullam ◽  
Martin Vrbka ◽  
Ivan Křupka
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Joint Friction ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Total Knee

Total knee arthroplasty is on the rise worldwide. Despite its success, revision surgeries are also increasing. According to the American Joint Replacement Registry 2020, 3.3% of revision surgeries are due to wear, and 24.2% are due to mechanical loosening. The combination of shear stresses and wear particles occurring at the bone/implant interface can lead to local osteolysis. Although the shear stresses are partially driven by joint friction, relatively little is known about the evolution of the coefficient of friction (CoF) during a gait cycle in total knee replacement. Here we describe the CoF during a gait cycle and investigate its association with kinematics (slide–roll-ratio), applied load, and relative velocity. The artificial knee was simulated by cobalt–chromium condyle on a flat ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial plateau, lubricated by either water or proteinaceous solution. We found that the CoF is not a constant but fluctuates between the values close to 0 and 0.15. Cross-correlation suggested that this is primarily an effect of the slide–roll ratio and the contact pressure. There was no difference in the CoF between water and proteinaceous solution. Knowledge about the CoF behavior during a gait cycle will help to increase the accuracy of future computational models of total knee replacement.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Kinematics in Individuals with Hip Osteoarthritis during Gait: A Focus on Adaptative Strategies and Interlimb Symmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Micaela Porta ◽  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Michela Deidda ◽  
Marco Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Limb Kinematics

Among the functional limitations associated with hip osteoarthritis (OA), the alteration of gait capabilities represents one of the most invalidating as it may seriously compromise the quality of life of the affected individual. The use of quantitative techniques for human movement analysis has been found valuable in providing accurate and objective measures of kinematics and kinetics of gait in individuals with hip OA, but few studies have reported in-depth analyses of lower limb joint kinematics during gait and, in particular, there is a scarcity of data on interlimb symmetry. Such aspects were investigated in the present study which tested 11 individuals with hip OA (mean age 68.3 years) and 11 healthy controls age- and sex-matched, using 3D computerized gait analysis to perform point-by-point comparisons of the joint angle trends of hip, knee, and ankle. Angle-angle diagrams (cyclograms) were also built to compute several parameters (i.e., cyclogram area and orientation and Trend Symmetry) from which to assess the degree of interlimb symmetry. The results show that individuals with hip OA exhibit peculiar gait patterns characterized by severe modifications of the physiologic trend at hip level even in the unaffected limb (especially during the stance phase), as well as minor (although significant) alterations at knee and ankle level. The symmetry analysis also revealed that the effect of the disease in terms of interlimb coordination is present at knee joint as well as hip, while the ankle joint appears relatively preserved from specific negative effects from this point of view. The availability of data on such kinematic adaptations may be useful in supporting the design of specific rehabilitative strategies during both preoperative and postoperative periods.

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