Bullying behaviour among Norwegian adolescents: Psychiatric diagnoses and school well-being in a clinical sample

Last year, the COVID-19 pandemic had severe consequences on the health and well-being of millions of people. Different studies try to identify the main effects that the crisis and several lockdowns have had on the citizens’ mental health. This research analyses the coping strategies generated by students from a community group and a clinical group in response to this crisis, using the Coping Responses Inventory—Adult Form (CRI-A) by Moos with a sample of 1074 students of Universidad de Extremadura. Multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis have been carried out, revealing, amongst other things, a greater predisposition of the clinical sample towards factors such as seeking guidance and support, cognitive avoidance or emotional discharge. Results show that students with prior mental health problems perform an unhealthy coping response based on avoidance strategies. This group of students suffers a double source of distress and anxiety, one derived from their prior psychopathologic problems and the stress of the lockdown and another one originating from an inefficient coping response, which makes coping strategies raise levels of distress and anxiety.

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“I Will Never Know the Person Who I Could Have Become”: Perceived Changes in Self-Identity Among Adult Survivors of Clergy-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516650966 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1139-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Scott D. Easton ◽

Danielle M. Leone-Sheehan ◽

Patrick J. O’Leary

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Well Being ◽

Future Research ◽

Relational Self ◽

Self Identity

Clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse (CPSA) during childhood represents a tragic betrayal of trust that inflicts damage on the survivor, the family, and the parish community. Survivors often report CPSA has a disturbing impact on their self-identity. Despite intense media coverage of clergy abuse globally in the Catholic Church (and other faith communities) over several decades, relatively few empirical studies have been conducted with survivors. Beyond clinical observations and advocacy group reports, very little is known about survivors’ perceptions of how the abuse impacted their long-term self-identity. Using data collected during the 2010 Health and Well-Being Survey, this qualitative analysis represents one of the first large-scale studies with a non-clinical sample of adult male survivors of CPSA from childhood ( N = 205). The negative effects of the sexual abuse on participants were expressed across six domains of self-identity: (a) total self, (b) psychological self, (c) relational self, (d) gendered self, (e) aspirational self, and (f) spiritual self. These findings highlight the range and depth of self-suffering inflicted by this pernicious form of sexual violence. The findings are useful for developing clinical services for survivors, shaping public and institutional policies to address clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse, and guiding future research with this population.

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Can Gratitude and Kindness Interventions Enhance Well-Being in a Clinical Sample?

Journal of Happiness Studies ◽

10.1007/s10902-013-9492-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 17-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Shelley L. Kerr ◽

Analise O’Donovan ◽

Christopher A. Pepping

Keyword(s):

Clinical Sample ◽

Well Being

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Does self-reported chronic pain influence savoring of aesthetic experiences?

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259198

Author(s):

Rosalie Weigand ◽

Annika Moosmayer ◽

Thomas Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Aesthetic Experiences ◽

Reward Seeking ◽

Wide Range

Background Aesthetic experiences elicit a wide range of positive emotions and have a positive impact on various health outcomes. In this context, savoring refers to a cognitive form of emotion regulation used to maintain and extend positive emotional experiences and is considered to contribute to health and well-being. Chronic pain has been linked to reduced reward-seeking behavior. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between self-reported chronic pain and savoring. Methods We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey in a large non-clinical sample (opera, theater, and cabaret visitors; n = 322). The variables were assessed with a two-item-questionnaire. Results Self-reported chronic pain was significantly negatively correlated with savoring (r = -.547) Conclusion Altogether, this result helps to develop a better understanding of the effects of chronic pain in humans and to shed light on state-dependent differences in aesthetic experiences.

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Outcomes of CPC-CBT in Sweden Concerning Psychosocial Well-Being and Parenting Practice: Children’s Perspectives

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731519843352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Johanna Thulin ◽

Doris Nilsson ◽

Carl Göran Svedin ◽

Cecilia Kjellgren

Keyword(s):

Corporal Punishment ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Well Being ◽

Child Physical Abuse ◽

Normative Values ◽

Abused Children ◽

Physically Abused ◽

Trauma Symptom

Purpose: This study explores the outcome of the intervention combined parent child–cognitive behavioral therapy (CPC-CBT) for physically abused children. Method: This study includes a clinical sample of children ( n = 62) referred to Child Welfare Service due to reports of child physical abuse who completed CPC-CBT. A pretest/posttest design was applied to assess changes on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) after treatment and was compared with normative values. In addition, the occurrence of corporal punishment from pre to posttest was explored. Results: Children reported a significant decrease in parental use of corporal punishment after treatment and a significant reduction in symptoms associated with trauma (decreased to normal values for TSCC). The positive changes remained at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: The CPC-CBT intervention seemed to decrease parental use of corporal punishment and increase the well-being of children. Clinical implications are discussed.

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Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) as a Tool of Empowerment for Clients with Severe Mental Illness: A Meta-Analysis

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901208010144 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Tommy Nordén ◽

Ulf Malm ◽

Torsten Norlander

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Assertive Community Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Treatment ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Resource Group

The aim of the current meta-analysis was to explore the effectiveness of the method here labeled Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) for clients with psychiatric diagnoses as compared to standard care during the period 2001 – 2011. Included in the meta-analysis were 17 studies comprising a total of 2263 clients, 1291 men and 972 women, with a weighted mean age of 45.44 years. The diagnoses of 86 % of the clients were within the psychotic spectrum while 14 % had other psychiatric diagnoses. There were six randomized controlled trials and eleven observational studies. The studies spanned between 12 and 60 months, and 10 of them lasted 24 months. The results indicated a large effect-size for the ”grand total measure” (Cohen´sd= 0.80). The study comprised three outcome variables: Symptoms, Functioning, and Well-being. With regard to Symptoms, a medium effect for both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies was found, whereas Functioning showed large effects for both types of design. Concerning Well-being both large and medium effects were evident. The conclusions of the meta-analysis were that the treatment of clients with Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment yields positive effects for clients with psychoses and that the method may be of use for clients within the entire psychiatric spectrum.

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Assessing Individual Differences in the Affective Experience of Dreams: The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect Scales (JeDI-A)

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191119847767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1946-1959

Author(s):

Birk Hagemeyer ◽

Sarah Salomo ◽

Cordelia Engelhardt ◽

Franz J. Neyer ◽

Sven Rupprecht

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

New Instrument ◽

Valid Instrument

The study reports on the validation of a new instrument for the assessment of emotional experiences in dreams. The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect (JeDI-A) contains 21 items and 3 scales, positive dream affect, negative dream affect, and dream intensity, providing a differentiated yet economic assessment of dream affect. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a sample of university students ( N = 426) and a clinical sample of patients with sleep disorders ( N = 149) supported factorial validity and measurement invariance, high temporal stability (over 1 year and 9 months in the students and patients, respectively), convergent and discriminant validity regarding established measures of dream affect and the Big Five, and criterion validity regarding subjective well-being. Cross-lagged panel models showed reciprocal longitudinal effects between dream affect and waking affect. We conclude that the JeDI-A is a valid instrument for differentiated investigations of individual differences in dream affect in clinical and nonclinical populations.

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The risk of psychiatric disorders among Finnish ART and spontaneously conceived children: Finnish population-based register study

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-019-01433-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1155-1164

Author(s):

E. Rissanen ◽

M. Gissler ◽

V. Lehti ◽

A. Tiitinen

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽

Well Being ◽

Population Based ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Finnish Population ◽

The Impact

Abstract Evidence regarding the psychiatric morbidity of children born after Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) is inconsistent and limited. While normal mental well-being for ART children is usually reported, concerns are still being raised. Previous studies examine only some psychiatric disorders, but not all of them, ignore the impact of multiplicity, and limit the follow-up time to childhood. We examined all psychiatric diagnoses for singletons until their young adulthood. The aim was to study whether the risk of psychiatric disorders differs between ART and spontaneously conceived (SC) singletons until young adulthood. This retrospective Finnish population-based register study includes all ART and SC live-born children born in Finland during 1990–2013 and their hospital care in 1990–2014 (n = 1,425,975 of which 1,385,956, 97.2% were singletons). After excluding multiples, the final population included 17,610 ART and 1,368,346 SC singletons in 1990–2013 from the Finnish Medical Birth Registry. These data were linked to the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registry with the child’s and mother’s encrypted IDs. ART singletons had fewer psychiatric diagnoses (ART 10.2%, n = 1796, SC 12.0%, n = 164,408), but they received their diagnoses earlier (mean 8.3 years old, SD 5.0) than SC singletons (mean 10.5 years old, SD 5.7). After adjusting for confounding factors, ART singletons had an increased likelihood of getting a psychiatric diagnosis until young adulthood and the results were similar for boys (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.24) and girls (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.16–1.35). We conclude that ART children receive their psychiatric diagnoses earlier than SC children, in particular during childhood and early adolescence. After adjusting for confounding factors ART children a slightly increased likelihood of any psychiatric diagnosis compared to SC controls.

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Psychiatric Problems in Adolescence Mediate the Association Between Childhood Learning Disabilities and Later Well-Being

Learning Disability Quarterly ◽

10.1177/07319487211012019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073194872110120

Author(s):

Anna-Kaija Eloranta ◽

Vesa M. Närhi ◽

Joona S. Muotka ◽

Asko J. Tolvanen ◽

Elisa Korhonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Well Being ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Adult Age ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

And Gender ◽

Psychiatric Problems

This follow-up study investigated the associations of childhood learning disabilities (LDs) with adult-age anxiety, depression, and unemployment. Psychosocial problems in childhood and psychiatric diagnoses and lack of education in adolescence were studied as potential mediators, and gender and mother’s education as potential moderators of these associations. Data on childhood clinical neuropsychological assessments and lifelong register data on individuals with childhood LD ( n = 430; 301 [70%] males; 20–39 years of age) and matched controls ( n = 2,149) were applied. Mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling. Childhood LDs exerted a significant, but relatively small effect on psychiatric diagnoses in adolescence, which predicted adult-age depression and anxiety. LDs were related to unemployment both directly and via psychiatric diagnoses in adolescence. Examination of differences in the effects on adult-age outcomes of subtypes of LDs revealed mathematical disability to be more strongly associated with psychosocial problems in childhood and psychiatric problems in adolescence and adulthood than reading disability. Our findings show that LD has small and mostly indirect effects on the risk for later well-being problems. The findings emphasize the importance of adolescence in predicting adult-age psychiatric and employment problems and call for more holistic support for individuals with LDs.

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Self-reported community participation experiences and preferences of autistic adults

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361320987682 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136236132098768

Author(s):

Lindsay L Shea ◽

Katherine Verstreate ◽

Stacy Nonnemacher ◽

Wei Wong ◽

Mark S Salzer

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Community Participation ◽

Well Being ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Service Needs ◽

Community Activity ◽

The Past ◽

Autistic Adults ◽

Health And Well Being

Community participation is essential to overall health and well-being. However, research on the community participation experiences and preferences of autistic adults is lacking. Results from a large, mid-Atlantic statewide needs assessment survey found that a number of activities that include social interactions or are focused on meeting daily needs are important to autistic adults and that they participate in these activities to varying degrees. Going shopping at a grocery store was the most common community activity reported and also rated as important by the largest proportion of respondents. Autistic adults with a co-occurring intellectual disability participated in fewer activities and reported fewer activities as important. Sufficiency, the extent to which each individual was satisfied with their level of participation in important activities, was greater for autistic adults with higher incomes and lower for autistic adults who lived independently or had co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses. Breadth, or the number of important activities participated in during the past month, was lowest for autistic adults living in facilities and those with co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, and higher for adults with self-reported service needs. As new community participation requirements for Medicaid roll out across the United States, autistic adults can provide critical feedback to inform policy and practice. Lay abstract Although participation in communities is a key component of health and well-being, little research has explored community participation among autistic adults. A better understanding of preferences and access to various community activities among autistic adults provides intervention and policy directions in a critical area. This study reports responses from one of the largest groups of autistic adults surveyed to date. Participants reported their valued activities, number of days they participated in each activity during the previous month, and the extent to which they perceived their participation to be sufficient. Grocery shopping was the most common community activity, and most important. A wide range of activities were participated in during the previous month and more than half of the autistic adults reported that most activities were important. Autistic adults with a co-occurring intellectual disability participated in fewer activities and said that fewer activities were important. Sufficiency, or the degree to which an individual felt they participated enough in important activities, was greater for autistic adults with higher incomes and lower for autistic adults who lived independently or had co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses. Breadth of participation, or the number of important types of participation in the past month, was lower for autistic adults residing in supported living facilities and for autistic adults with co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses. Breadth was greater for autistic adults with self-reported service needs. Our study findings offer important information to guide implementation of new federal requirements aimed at promoting greater community participation among individuals covered by Medicaid.

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