Can Gratitude and Kindness Interventions Enhance Well-Being in a Clinical Sample?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley L. Kerr ◽  
Analise O’Donovan ◽  
Christopher A. Pepping
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being

scholarly journals Coping Strategies by University Students in Response to COVID-19: Differences between Community and Clinical Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Víctor-María López-Ramos ◽  
Benito León-del-Barco ◽  
Santiago Mendo-Lázaro ◽  
María-Isabel Polo-del-Río
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Coping Response ◽  
Community Group

Last year, the COVID-19 pandemic had severe consequences on the health and well-being of millions of people. Different studies try to identify the main effects that the crisis and several lockdowns have had on the citizens’ mental health. This research analyses the coping strategies generated by students from a community group and a clinical group in response to this crisis, using the Coping Responses Inventory—Adult Form (CRI-A) by Moos with a sample of 1074 students of Universidad de Extremadura. Multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis have been carried out, revealing, amongst other things, a greater predisposition of the clinical sample towards factors such as seeking guidance and support, cognitive avoidance or emotional discharge. Results show that students with prior mental health problems perform an unhealthy coping response based on avoidance strategies. This group of students suffers a double source of distress and anxiety, one derived from their prior psychopathologic problems and the stress of the lockdown and another one originating from an inefficient coping response, which makes coping strategies raise levels of distress and anxiety.

“I Will Never Know the Person Who I Could Have Become”: Perceived Changes in Self-Identity Among Adult Survivors of Clergy-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Easton ◽  
Danielle M. Leone-Sheehan ◽  
Patrick J. O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relational Self ◽  
Self Identity

Clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse (CPSA) during childhood represents a tragic betrayal of trust that inflicts damage on the survivor, the family, and the parish community. Survivors often report CPSA has a disturbing impact on their self-identity. Despite intense media coverage of clergy abuse globally in the Catholic Church (and other faith communities) over several decades, relatively few empirical studies have been conducted with survivors. Beyond clinical observations and advocacy group reports, very little is known about survivors’ perceptions of how the abuse impacted their long-term self-identity. Using data collected during the 2010 Health and Well-Being Survey, this qualitative analysis represents one of the first large-scale studies with a non-clinical sample of adult male survivors of CPSA from childhood ( N = 205). The negative effects of the sexual abuse on participants were expressed across six domains of self-identity: (a) total self, (b) psychological self, (c) relational self, (d) gendered self, (e) aspirational self, and (f) spiritual self. These findings highlight the range and depth of self-suffering inflicted by this pernicious form of sexual violence. The findings are useful for developing clinical services for survivors, shaping public and institutional policies to address clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse, and guiding future research with this population.

scholarly journals Does self-reported chronic pain influence savoring of aesthetic experiences?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259198
Author(s):  
Rosalie Weigand ◽  
Annika Moosmayer ◽  
Thomas Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Wide Range

Background Aesthetic experiences elicit a wide range of positive emotions and have a positive impact on various health outcomes. In this context, savoring refers to a cognitive form of emotion regulation used to maintain and extend positive emotional experiences and is considered to contribute to health and well-being. Chronic pain has been linked to reduced reward-seeking behavior. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between self-reported chronic pain and savoring. Methods We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey in a large non-clinical sample (opera, theater, and cabaret visitors; n = 322). The variables were assessed with a two-item-questionnaire. Results Self-reported chronic pain was significantly negatively correlated with savoring (r = -.547) Conclusion Altogether, this result helps to develop a better understanding of the effects of chronic pain in humans and to shed light on state-dependent differences in aesthetic experiences.

Outcomes of CPC-CBT in Sweden Concerning Psychosocial Well-Being and Parenting Practice: Children’s Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Johanna Thulin ◽  
Doris Nilsson ◽  
Carl Göran Svedin ◽  
Cecilia Kjellgren
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Trauma Symptom

Purpose: This study explores the outcome of the intervention combined parent child–cognitive behavioral therapy (CPC-CBT) for physically abused children. Method: This study includes a clinical sample of children ( n = 62) referred to Child Welfare Service due to reports of child physical abuse who completed CPC-CBT. A pretest/posttest design was applied to assess changes on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) after treatment and was compared with normative values. In addition, the occurrence of corporal punishment from pre to posttest was explored. Results: Children reported a significant decrease in parental use of corporal punishment after treatment and a significant reduction in symptoms associated with trauma (decreased to normal values for TSCC). The positive changes remained at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: The CPC-CBT intervention seemed to decrease parental use of corporal punishment and increase the well-being of children. Clinical implications are discussed.

Assessing Individual Differences in the Affective Experience of Dreams: The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect Scales (JeDI-A)

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1946-1959
Author(s):  
Birk Hagemeyer ◽  
Sarah Salomo ◽  
Cordelia Engelhardt ◽  
Franz J. Neyer ◽  
Sven Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Valid Instrument

The study reports on the validation of a new instrument for the assessment of emotional experiences in dreams. The Jena Dream Inventory–Affect (JeDI-A) contains 21 items and 3 scales, positive dream affect, negative dream affect, and dream intensity, providing a differentiated yet economic assessment of dream affect. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a sample of university students ( N = 426) and a clinical sample of patients with sleep disorders ( N = 149) supported factorial validity and measurement invariance, high temporal stability (over 1 year and 9 months in the students and patients, respectively), convergent and discriminant validity regarding established measures of dream affect and the Big Five, and criterion validity regarding subjective well-being. Cross-lagged panel models showed reciprocal longitudinal effects between dream affect and waking affect. We conclude that the JeDI-A is a valid instrument for differentiated investigations of individual differences in dream affect in clinical and nonclinical populations.

Bullying behaviour among Norwegian adolescents: Psychiatric diagnoses and school well-being in a clinical sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Hoff Hansen ◽  
Cecilie Edh Hasselgård ◽  
Anne Mari Undheim ◽  
Marit Sæbø Indredavik
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses

scholarly journals Screening Mental Well-Being in High Demand Occupational Settings in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Charles H Van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Occupational Settings

This study considered promoting well-being of employees in high demand occupational positions, through the screening of mental well-being. The numerous challenges to such monitoring in a multi-lingual developing country like South Africa – where this study was conducted – requires a tool that can screen for the mental well-being of at-risk individuals, in order to timeously refer vulnerable persons to appropriate mental health support services. This paper explored whether the State-Trait Personality Inventory-Trait Scales (STPI-T) can be used fairly to monitor the well-being of young adult South Africans in high demand occupational settings. The self-report scales were administered to a non-clinical sample (women=392, men=521) aged 20 to 40 years, and their responses were analyzed with MANOVA and a ROC analysis. The main findings of the study indicated that contextualised norms are required (and were provided for the sample studied), develop per specific national and occupational environment; and that socio-demographic variables like gender, age, and language had limited effect on scale responses in this select sample. The scales effectively identified vulnerable individuals, comparable to psychological interviews. Scale scores were highly homogenized, facilitating identification of outliers which may indicate poorer mental health, thus enabling further referral for appropriate support. In conclusion, the study provides support for the use of the SPTI-T to promote the well-being of employees in multi-lingual high demand occupational settings, through regular monitoring and early identification of risk for poor mental health.

Measuring attitudes towards the dying process: A systematic review of tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Groebe ◽  
Julia Strupp ◽  
Yvonne Eisenmann ◽  
Holger Schmidt ◽  
Anna Schlomann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Projective Measures ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Potential Alternative

Background: At the end of life, anxious attitudes concerning the dying process are common in patients in Palliative Care. Measurement tools can identify vulnerabilities, resources and the need for subsequent treatment to relieve suffering and support well-being. Aim: To systematically review available tools measuring attitudes towards dying, their operationalization, the method of measurement and the methodological quality including generalizability to different contexts. Design: Systematic review according to the PRISMA Statement. Methodological quality of tools assessed by standardized review criteria. Data sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsyndexTests and the Health and Psychosocial Instruments were searched from their inception to April 2017. Results: A total of 94 identified studies reported the development and/or validation of 44 tools. Of these, 37 were questionnaires and 7 alternative measurement methods (e.g. projective measures). In 34 of 37 questionnaires, the emotional evaluation (e.g. anxiety) towards dying is measured. Dying is operationalized in general items ( n = 20), in several specific aspects of dying ( n = 34) and as dying of others ( n = 14). Methodological quality of tools was reported inconsistently. Nine tools reported good internal consistency. Of 37 tools, 4 were validated in a clinical sample (e.g. terminal cancer; Huntington disease), indicating questionable generalizability to clinical contexts for most tools. Conclusion: Many tools exist to measure attitudes towards the dying process using different endpoints. This overview can serve as decision framework on which tool to apply in which contexts. For clinical application, only few tools were available. Further validation of existing tools and potential alternative methods in various populations is needed.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) in a Spanish Clinical Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Moggia ◽  
Noelia Niño-Robles ◽  
Scott D. Miller ◽  
Guillem Feixas
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Outcome Rating Scale

AbstractThe Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) is an ultra-brief measure of well-being designed to track outcome in psychotherapy. This research studied the psychometric properties of the ORS in a Spanish clinical sample. One-hundred and sixty-five adult participants from different primary care centers of the city of Barcelona were recruited. The psychometric properties of the ORS in the sample were explored and described, comparing them to the properties of other instruments already validated in Spain. Our results showed good reliability (α = .91 [.88, .93]; α = .96; test re-test correlations from .61 to .84), good validity (convergent validity correlations with distress and symptoms measures from –.32 to –.76), and good sensitivity to change (pre-post comparison through Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mdnpre = 31.0, Mdnpost = 19.6, z = –7.38, p < .05, r = .42). These results are consistent with previous findings in other countries. We conclude suggesting that the instrument can be applied to monitor outcome in psychotherapy and to test the effectiveness of treatments imparted with Spanish speaking clients. However, further research with the ORS in Spanish could provide more evidence of its psychometric properties.

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