An Evaluation of Various Fixing and Staining Procedures for Mitochondria in Plant Root Tissues

1963 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte J. Avers
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Tissues

Biosorption of copper from aqueous solutions by plant root tissues

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Ping Chen ◽  
Wen-Ren Chen ◽  
Ruey-Chi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Tissues

scholarly journals Minimizing experimental artefacts in synchrotron-based X-ray analyses of Fe speciation in tissues of rice plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Brigid A. McKenna ◽  
Neal W. Menzies ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
Chris J. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fe Speciation ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Beam Damage

Iron (Fe) plays an important role within environmental systems. Synchrotron-based X-ray approaches, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), provide powerful tools for in situ analyses of Fe speciation, but beam damage during analysis may alter Fe speciation during its measurement. XAS was used to examine whether experimental conditions affect the analysis of Fe speciation in plant tissues. Even when analyzed in a cryostat at 12 K, it was found that FeIII can rapidly (within 0.5–1 min) photoreduce to FeII, although the magnitude of photoreduction varied depending upon the hydration of the sample, the coordination chemistry of the Fe, as well as other properties. For example, photoreduction of FeIII was considerably higher for aqueous standard compounds than for hydrated plant-root tissues. The use of freeze-dried samples in the cryostat (12 K) markedly reduced the magnitude of this FeIII photoreduction, and there was no evidence that the freeze-drying process itself resulted in experimental artefacts under the current experimental conditions, such as through the oxidation of FeII, although some comparatively small differences were observed when comparing spectra of hydrated and freeze-dried FeII compounds. The results of this study have demonstrated that FeIII photoreduction can occur during X-ray analysis, and provides suitable conditions to preserve Fe speciation to minimize the extent of beam damage when analyzing environmental samples. All studies utilizing XAS are encouraged to include a preliminary experiment to determine if beam damage is occurring, and, where appropriate, to take the necessary steps (such as freeze drying) to overcome these issues.

Physiological characterisation of coprophilous fungal isolates that behave as plant root associates

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Victoria Miranda ◽  
José Martin Scervino ◽  
Johana Barros ◽  
María Alejandra Rodríguez ◽  
Sebastián Fracchia
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Root Tissues

Different fungal isolates closely related to Zopfiella erostrata and Cercophora caudata have been found to colonise plant root tissues in an asymptomatic way in the Monte Desert biome of La Rioja Province, Argentina. This interaction has been newly discovered, and the role of these fungi in their desert habitat has never been studied in detail. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight fungal isolates by means of specific physiological traits that could have implications for their interaction with the host plant. The selected isolates, four endophytic and four rhizospheric, were characterised for their ability to produce indole acetic acid, solubilise and mineralise phosphorus (P), and utilise different nitrogen sources. In addition, we evaluated organic acid production and phosphatase activities as mechanisms of P recycling. These analyses revealed that most isolates produced indole acetic acid, and that all isolates could solubilise and mineralise P, although to different degrees. Furthermore, the production of organic acids correlated with P solubilisation levels, which may enhance P availability in soils. Nitrogen utilisation was variable among the isolates, without specific patterns concerning the different sources and fungal isolates tested. Our results demonstrated that the fungal isolates had great variability, probably because they complete their teleomorphic phase in their habitats, generating viable meiotic spores, in addition to the active dispersion of these fungi by the underground rodent Ctenomys aff. knightii from which they were isolated. Although the isolates were variable, the endophytic isolates exhibited improvement in all the P parameters measured. This can be explained by the ability of these isolates to intimately colonise root tissues, while the colonisation by rhizospheric isolates is produced superficially in the rhizoplane. The high occurrence of this interaction, as well as the physiological traits detected, suggest that this kind of fungi could play an important ecological role in the Monte Desert environment, benefiting the establishment and growth of new seedlings in areas occupied by the rodents.

scholarly journals Synchrotron study of metal localization inTypha latifolia L. root sections

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qian ◽  
Huan Feng ◽  
Frank J. Gallagher ◽  
Qingzhi Zhu ◽  
Meiyin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Iron Plaque ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dermal Tissue ◽  
Root Tissues

Understanding mechanisms that control plant root metal assimilation in soil is critical to the sustainable management of metal-contaminated land. With the assistance of the synchrotron X-ray fluorescence technique, this study investigated possible mechanisms that control the localization of Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in the root tissues ofTypha latifolia L. collected from a contaminated wetland. Metal localizations especially in the case of Fe and Pb in the dermal tissue and the vascular bundles were different. Cluster analysis was performed to divide the dermal tissue into iron-plaque-enriched dermal tissue and regular dermal tissue based on the spatial distribution of Pb and Fe. Factor analysis showed that Cu and Zn were closely correlated to each other in the dermal tissues. The association of Cu, Zn and Mn with Fe was strong in both regular dermal tissue and iron-plaque-enriched dermal tissue, while significant (p< 0.05) correlation of Fe with Pb was only observed in tissues enriched with iron plaque. In the vascular bundles, Zn, Mn and Cu showed strong association, suggesting that the localization of these three elements was controlled by a similar mechanism. Iron plaque in the peripheral dermal tissues acted as a barrier for Pb and a buffer for Zn, Cu and Mn. The Casparian strip regulated the transportation of metals from dermal tissues to the vascular bundles. The results suggested that the mechanisms controlling metal localization in root tissues varied with both tissue types and metals.

scholarly journals 577 Strawberry Runner Plant Root Pruning and Subsequent Growth and Yield in California

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 546B-546
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Intact Root

Each year, 500,000,000 bare-root plants (crowns) are used to establish strawberry plantings in California. Careful placement of plants in the planting holes is a critical determinant of plant growth and productivity, but large-rooted crowns are difficult to plant correctly. Use of uniform plant material would facilitate proper planting. I conducted a study in 1997–98 to determine the influence of three root pruning treatments on performance of `Camarosa' bare-root strawberry plants. Crowns were machine-dug from a nursery on 27 Oct. 1997. Two-hundred-forty plants were selected for uniformity of size, and root systems of all selected plants were >12.7 cm in length. Root systems of individual plants were randomly subjected to three pruning treatments: nonpruned (NP), pruned to 8.9 cm in length (P1), or pruned to 4.45 cm in length (P2). Twenty plants were randomly selected from each pruning treatment, washed, divided into excised and intact root tissues, and dried at 70 °C for 6 days. Pruning resulted in the removal of 23% and 78% of root dry mass for plants in the P1 and P2 treatments, respectively. For each treatment, the 60 remaining plants were established in raised beds at the Univ. of California South Coast R.E.C. in Irvine on 1 Nov. 1997. Experimental design was a RCB, with one 20-plant plot per treatment in each of three replicate blocks. There was no plant mortality and no difference among treatments in plant canopy diameter in March (mean diam. = 36.7 cm). Fruit yields were determined for each plot at weekly intervals from 1 Feb. to 18 Apr. 1998. There was no effect of pruning on yield or fruit size, suggesting that strawberry root systems have considerable regenerative ability.

scholarly journals Root Border Cells and Mucilage Secretions of Soybean, Glycine Max (Merr) L.: Characterization and Role in Interactions with the Oomycete Phytophthora Parasitica

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ropitaux ◽  
Sophie Bernard ◽  
Damien Schapman ◽  
Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye ◽  
Maïté Vicré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Interactions ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Root Tissues

Root border cells (BCs) and their associated secretions form a protective structure termed the root extracellular trap (RET) that plays a major role in root interactions with soil borne microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the release and morphology of BCs of Glycine max using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also examined the occurrence of cell-wall glycomolecules in BCs and secreted mucilage using immunofluorescence microscopy in conjunction with anti-glycan antibodies. Our data show that root tips released three populations of BCs defined as spherical, intermediate and elongated cells. The mechanism of shedding seemed to be cell morphotype-specific. The data also show that mucilage contained pectin, cellulose, extracellular DNA, histones and two hemicellulosic polysaccharides, xyloglucan and heteromannan. The latter has never been reported previously in any plant root secretions. Both hemicellulosic polysaccharides formed a dense fibrillary network embedding BCs and holding them together within the mucilage. Finally, we investigated the effect of the RET on the interactions of root with the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica early during infection. Our findings reveal that the RET prevented zoospores from colonizing root tips by blocking their entry into root tissues and inducing their lysis.

scholarly journals Is the Application of Plant Probiotic Bacterial Consortia Always Beneficial for Plants? Exploring Synergies between Rhizobial and Non-Rhizobial Bacteria and Their Effects on Agro-Economically Valuable Crops

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Menéndez ◽  
Ana Paço
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Root Tissues

The overgrowth of human population and the demand for high-quality foods necessitate the search for sustainable alternatives to increase crop production. The use of biofertilizers, mostly based on plant probiotic bacteria (PPB), represents a reliable and eco-friendly solution. This heterogeneous group of bacteria possesses many features with positive effects on plants; however, how these bacteria with each other and with the environment when released into a field has still barely been studied. In this review, we focused on the diversity of root endophytic rhizobial and non-rhizobial bacteria existing within plant root tissues, and also on their potential applications as consortia exerting benefits for plants and the environment. We demonstrated the benefits of using bacterial inoculant consortia instead of single-strain inoculants. We then critically discussed several considerations that farmers, companies, governments, and the scientific community should take into account when a biofertilizer based on those PPBs is proposed, including (i) a proper taxonomic identification, (ii) the characterization of the beneficial features of PPB strains, and (iii) the ecological impacts on plants, environment, and plant/soil microbiomes. Overall, the success of a PPB consortium depends on many factors that must be considered and analyzed before its application as a biofertilizer in an agricultural system.

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