scholarly journals Sex and Age Differences in the Distribution of 14C-Sterigmatocystin in Immature and Mature Rats: A Multiple Dose Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walkow ◽  
G. Sullivan ◽  
D. Maness ◽  
G. J. Yakatan
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Fungal Metabolite ◽  
Toxic Reaction ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Secondary Fungal Metabolite ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Sterigmatocystin, a secondary fungal metabolite, produces a toxic reaction upon administration to experimental animals. Examination of rats that have received multiple doses of 14C-sterigmatocystin may indicate the response elicited by repeated exposure to foodstuffs containing the mycotoxin. Daily doses of sterigmatocystin, 8 mg/kg equally divided over 13 days, were administered in the feed. Immature rats (50–150 g) and mature rats (200–300 g) of both sexes were studied. On the 14th day, an 8 mg/kg dose of 14C-sterigmatocystin dissolved in wheat germ oil was orally intubated into the rats. Five rats of each sex and age group were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours. Biological specimens were collected and analyzed for total radioactivity. Tukey's paired comparison procedure was used to analyze for statistically significant differences in tissue exposure to 14sterigmatocystin due to age and sex. Statistically significant differences in tissue levels were found in 60% or more of the tissues when comparing mature males vs. immature females and mature males vs. mature females. Age and sex differences were also observed in 45% or less of the tissues in other age or sex comparisons. The sterigmatocystin plasma levels vs. time curves contain multiple peaks that may indicate enterohepatic recirculation. The gradual decline in the log-linear phase resulted in long half-lives, ranging from 61.5 to 130 hours.

scholarly journals Sex and Age Differences in the Distribution of 14C-Sterigmatocystin in Immature and Mature Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walkow ◽  
G. Sullivan ◽  
D. Maness ◽  
G. J. Yakatan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Sterigmatocystin, a mycotoxin produced by several fungi, is carcinogenic when injected subcutaneously in rats. The potential of sterigmatocystin as a contaminant to human foodstuffs makes understanding its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics desirable. Single doses (8 mg/kg) of 14C-sterigmatocystin were dissolved in wheat germ oil and administered orally to immature (50–150 g) and mature (200–300 g) rats of both sexes. Five rats of each sex and age group were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 48, and 96 hours after dosing. Biological specimens were collected and analyzed for total radioactivity. The differences in tissue levels of 14C-sterigmatocystin due to age and sex were examined using Tukey's paired comparison procedure for the mean area under the tissue level vs. time curves. Statistically significant differences in the gastrointestinal tract tissue levels were observed in 70% or more of these tissues when comparing mature males vs. mature females and immature females vs. mature females. Age and sex differences were also observed in 30% or less of the organ tissues in the other comparisons made. The sterigmatocystin plasma levels vs. time curves for each group have at least two distinct peaks that may be indicative of enterohepatic recirculation. The plasma levels obtained in the male rats are consistently higher than those in the females.

scholarly journals The secondary fungal metabolite gliotoxin targets proteolytic activities of the proteasome

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Kroll ◽  
Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos ◽  
Françoise Bachelerie ◽  
Dominique Thomas ◽  
Bertrand Friguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Metabolite ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Secondary Fungal Metabolite

The GH response to clonidine in endogenous as compared with reactive depression

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Checkley ◽  
I. B. Glass ◽  
C. Thompson ◽  
T. Corn ◽  
P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Reactive Depression ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Neuroendocrine Systems

SynopsisThe growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine was measured in 10 patients meeting standardized criteria for ‘endogenous’ depression and in 10 patients individually matched for age and sex but meeting the corresponding criteria for ‘reactive’ depression. In a paired comparison of patients with reactive and endogenous depression (matched for age and sex), the GH response to clonidine was less in the endogenous member of the pair in 8 out of 10 cases. These findings are interpreted as evidence of a defect at alpha2 adrenoceptors in neuroendocrine systems in endogenous as compared with reactive depression.

scholarly journals Q192R and L55M polymorphism in paraoxonase 1 gene in patients with coronary heart disease of different age and sex

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Pardo Perales ◽  
A. N. Voitovich ◽  
M. A. Bogdanova ◽  
A. Y. Anisenkova ◽  
M. I. Badmaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Pon1 Polymorphisms ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Evidence for genetic polymophisms may contribute to the dependence on sex and age differences in biochemical phenotypes, clinical manifestation, severity and success in medical treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) comes from a variety of studies. Two genetic polymorphisms, L55M and Q192R, in the human antioxidant system paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) have been shown to be associated with increased risk of CAD. The aim of recent study was to investigate a possible association between polymorphic variants of PON1 and CAD in patients of different age and sex. The group of patients with CAD (323 men and 71 women) and the group of healthy (114 men and 84 women) randomly sampled from St Petersburg were investigated clinically, biochemically and genetically. We found out the genotype L55M and Q192R frequencies in the group of patients with CAD were different depending on sex and age (p = 0,057, p = 0,007). In women with CAD the frequency of 55MM genotype (ОR = 2,1311, 95 % CI 1,14-3,98) was significantly higher and the frequency of 192QR genotype (ОR = 0,59, 95 % CI 0,39-0,89) was significantly lower than in men with CAD who survived myocardial infarction (MI) under the age of 45. Our results suggest that both PON1 polymorphisms play the role in risk of CAD. Furthermore, PON1 polymorphisms act in various ways in patients of different age and sex.

Modelling changes over time in a multivariate paired comparison: An application to window display design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1471082X2199567
Author(s):  
Alexandra Grand ◽  
Regina Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Vocational Students ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
Window Displays ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This article proposes an alternative method of making comparative judgements in multivariate paired comparisons (PCs) where judgements about change are made directly by comparing an object at two time points for each of a series of attributes. The application deals with the design of shop window displays where products should be arranged by teams of vocational students according to aesthetic principles (attributes). The photos of the students’ window displays at time 1 (before feedback) and at time 2 (after feedback) were compared by judging each attribute as to whether it was fulfilled better at time 1 or at time 2. An advantage of this PC approach over an alternative of a scoring system is the possibility to assess even subtle changes of various aspects of attractiveness, which cannot easily be measured using a score. To analyse these data, we used earlier work which developed both a multivariate PC pattern model for multi-attribute data and a PC model over time and defined a multivariate PC model of changes (MPCC). The model can be fitted as a non-standard Poisson log-linear model and provides estimates of change for the three attributes for time 2 and we were able to check for possible interaction effects between these attributes.

A log-linear approach for modelling ordinal paired comparison data on motives to start a PhD programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Dittrich ◽  
Reinhold Hatzinger ◽  
Walter Katzenbeisser
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Comparison Data

Mass balance, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of [14C] brivanib (BMS-582664), prodrug of BMS-540215, in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3566-3566
Author(s):  
R. Ganapathi ◽  
T. Mekhail ◽  
C. Wu ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
J. Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Single Dose Study ◽  
Brivanib Alaninate ◽  
Dose Study

3566 Background: Brivanib alaninate (BMS-582664, B) is an oral prodrug of BMS-540215, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR and FGFR signaling pathways which are important for angiogenesis and tumor growth. The recommended phase II/III dose of B is 800 mg daily. Methods: A two-part, open-label, single-dose study was conducted in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Part A represented the period for assessment of the pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism, and elimination of B, In part A, subjects received a single oral dose of 800 mg [14C]-labeled B containing 100 μCi of total radioactivity (0.125 μCi/mg). Blood was collected at selected time points for analyses of PK, biotransformation, and total radioactivity over a 10-day period. Complete urinary and fecal output was collected over the 10-day period or until discharge, and analyzed for total radioactivity and biotransformation. Part B began when subjects completed Part A. Part B subjects received B administered orally at a dose of 800 mg once daily starting on approximately Day 15 to 17 of study. Subjects continued in this study until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: 4 subjects (2 NSCLC, 1 ovarian, 1 renal cell carcinoma) were treated with B in both parts A & B. B was tolerable with few G3/4 AEs (increased fatigue, 1 event, cognitive disturbance, 1 event). The results revealed that B is completely converted to active moiety, BMS-540215, after oral administration. BMS-540215 is extensively metabolized in humans. Elimination is primarily via the feces. Following a single oral dose of [14C]-labeled B, approximately 12% and 82% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and feces, respectively, within 10 days. BMS-540215 accounted for 0.00% and 7.4% of the administered dose in urine and feces, respectively, with the remainder of the dose being minor metabolites. The mean terminal t1/2 of BMS-540215 was 14 hours. Conclusions: After oral administration of single 800 mg oral doses of [14C] B, BMS-540215 was found to be the major active circulating moiety in plasma (22.5%). BMS-540215 is primarily eliminated via metabolism. [14C]-labeled B formulation was well tolerated with no AEs leading to the discontinuation of any subject. [Table: see text]

THE EFFECTS OF HIGH SPATIAL DENSITY ON HUMOR APPRECIATION: AGE AND SEX DIFFERENCES

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Prerost
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

The social facilitation of humor appreciation is a widely held belief but narrowly researched concept. This study was designed to show the involvement of spatial density as well as social density in the appreciation of humor. Male and female adolescents representing ages 11 to 18 years participated under conditions of high and low spatial density. High spatial density was found to significantly diminish appreciation of three humor types. Significant sex and age differences in reactivity to spatial density were found. Results expand current knowledge of the effects of density on the appreciation of humor and suggest the capability of spatial density to inhibit positive affect.

Log-linear modelling of paired comparison data from consumer tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.A. Duineveld ◽  
Paul Arents ◽  
Bonnie M. King
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Comparison Data
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document