Insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk

Background:The influence of higher physical activity on the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk is not completely understood.Methods:Between 2000–2002, data were collected on 6795 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Self-reported intentional physical activity in the lowest quartile (0–105 MET-minutes/week) was categorized as inactive and the upper three quartiles (123–37,260 MET-minutes/week) as active. Associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference categories, stratified by physical activity status (inactive or active) with cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, upper quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] for population, and impaired fasting glucose or diabetes) were assessed using logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and current smoking.Results:Among obese participants, those who were physically active had reduced odds of insulin resistance (47% lower; P < .001) and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes (23% lower; P = .04). These associations were weaker for central obesity. However, among participants with a normal waist circumference, those who were inactive were 63% more likely to have insulin resistance (OR [95% CI] 1.63 [1.24–2.15]) compared with the active reference group.Conclusions:Physical activity was inversely related to the cardiometabolic risk associated with obesity and central obesity.

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Functional high-intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

Experimental Physiology ◽

10.1113/ep086844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

pp. 985-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ciarán E. Fealy ◽

Stephan Nieuwoudt ◽

Julie A. Foucher ◽

Amanda R. Scelsi ◽

Steven K. Malin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

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Abstract P148: Neck Circumference as an Independent Contributor to Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors - ELSA BRASIL

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina P Baena ◽

Paulo A Lotufo ◽

Maria J Fonseca ◽

Isabela J Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Men And Women ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Neck circumference is a proxy for upper body fat and it is a simple anthropometric measure. Therefore it could be a useful tool to identify individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of primary care. Hypothesis: Neck circumference is independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in an apparently healthy population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a cohort of 15105 civil servants aged 35-74 years. We excluded from this analysis those who fulfilled American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes diagnosis, were taking antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering drugs. A sex-specific analysis was conducted. Partial correlation (age-adjusted) was used. Risk factors were set as low HDL<50mg/dL for women and <40mg/dL for men, hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 150 mg/dl , hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mg/dl or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR ≥ 75th percentile). Logistic regression models were built to analyze the association between individual and clustered risk factors as dependent variables and 1-SD increase in neck circumference as independent variable. Multiple adjustments were subsequently performed for age, smoking, alcohol, body-mass index, waist and physical activity. Receiver Operating Curves were employed to find the best NC cut-off points for clustered risk factors. Results: We analyzed 3810 men (mean age= 49.0 ±8.3 yrs) and 4916 women (49.2 ±8.0 yrs). Mean NC was 38.9 (±2.6)cm for men and 33.4(±2.6)cm for women. NC positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.21 and r=0.27), HOMA - IR (r=0.44), triglycerides (r=0.31) and negatively correlated with HDL (r= -0.21) in men (p<0.001 for all) with similar results in women. Fully adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.46) and 1.42(1.28;1.57) for insulin resistance; 1.24(1.11;1.39) and 1.25(1.11;1.40) for hypertension; 1.33(1.19;1.49) and 1.42(1.29;1.63) for hypertriglyceridemia; 1.07(0.92;1.23) and 1.32 (1.19;1.43) for low HDL. Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2 clustered risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.48) and 1.37(1.21;1.54 ). Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 3 or more clustered risk factors per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.33 (1.02;1.74) and 1.62 (1.33;1.92). Values of neck circumference of >40 cm for men and >34.1 cm for women were the best cut-off points for 3 or more clustered risk factors. Conclusion: Neck circumference is significantly and independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in a well-defined non-treated population. It should be considered as a marker of cardio metabolic risk factors in primary care settings.

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Circulating Level of Soluble Leptin Receptor and its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Obese Subjects in Kerala, South India

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i28b31557 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232-239

Author(s):

K. S. Manju ◽

K. B. Leena ◽

L. Vijayalekshmi ◽

K. T. Shenoy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Obese Group ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Soluble Leptin Receptor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Obese Subjects

Background and Aims: Leptin, the peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue is reported to play the central role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Leptin exerts its biological effects through specific receptor molecules present in target tissues. Among the different isoforms of leptin receptor, the Soluble Leptin Receptor (SLR) is the major leptin binding protein seen in circulation which modulates the bioavailability of leptin. Our objectives were to analyse the level of circulating SLR among obese subjects and its association with biomarkers of obesity, serum leptin, insulin and cardiometabolic risk factors in comparison with healthy age and sex matched control subjects. Methods: About 173 study participants of both genders were selected and grouped as case (n=102) and control (n=71) with a cut off point of BMI 25kg/m2. Waist to hip ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated from anthropometric measurements. Leptin, insulin, soluble leptin receptor were estimated in fasting blood samples by sandwich ELISA method. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured by standard enzymatic methods in autoanalyzer. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Comparison between groups was done by independent sample ‘t’ test. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The SLR level was found to be increased in obese group in comparison with control group(P =.001). A significant increase in serum leptin and insulin level was observed in obese group when compared to control (P =.001). Obese group showed more than two fold increase in insulin resistance expressed as HOMA-IR when compared to control subjects (P =.001). But no significant difference in the synthesis of insulin expressed as HOMA-beta between the groups. No significant difference in serum lipoprotein levels was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Increased level of circulating soluble leptin receptor has been observed in obese subjects in comparison with control subjects and is associated with hyperleptinemia, hypertension and insulin resistance.

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Differential DNA Methylation and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Mother-Adolescent Dyads

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/10998004211039017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109980042110390

Author(s):

Amanda Elswick Gentry ◽

Jo Robins ◽

Mat Makowski ◽

Wendy Kliewer

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

African American ◽

African Americans ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Low Income ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among African Americans, compared to other racial groups, cardiovascular disease onset occurs at an earlier age due to a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that heritable epigenetic processes are related to increased cardiovascular disease risk, but this is largely unexplored in adolescents or across generations. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive pilot study in low-income African American mother-adolescent dyads, we examined associations between DNA methylation and the cardiometabolic indicators of body mass index, waist circumference, and insulin resistance. Results: Four adjacent cytosine and guanine nucleotides (CpG) sites were significantly differentially methylated and associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), 62 with waist circumference, and none to insulin resistance in models for both mothers and adolescents. Conclusion: Further study of the relations among psychological and environmental stressors, indicators of cardiovascular disease, risk, and epigenetic factors will improve understanding of cardiovascular disease risk so that preventive measures can be instituted earlier and more effectively. To our knowledge this work is the first to examine DNA methylation and cardiometabolic risk outcomes in mother-adolescent dyads.

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Insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk

Atlas of Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

10.3109/9781420026481-6 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 27-38

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk

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High TSH Level within Normal Range Is Associated with Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Novel Cardiometabolic Marker

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8060817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 817 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yi-Cheng Chang ◽

Shih-Che Hua ◽

Chia-Hsuin Chang ◽

Wei-Yi Kao ◽

Hsiao-Lin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Reference Group ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Normal Range ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

(1) Background: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. Here we further explore whether thyroid function within normal range is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population-based study. (2) Methods: We screened 24,765 adults participating in health examinations in Taiwan. Participants were grouped according to high-sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (hsTSH) level as: <50th percentile (0.47–1.48 mIU/L, the reference group), 50–60th percentile (1.49–1.68 mIU/L), 60–70th percentile (1.69–1.94 mIU/L), 70–80th percentile (1.95–2.3 mIU/L), 80–90th percentile (2.31–2.93 mIU/L), and >90th percentile (>2.93 mIU/L). Cardiometabolic traits of each percentile were compared with the reference group. (3) Results: Elevated hsTSH levels within normal range were dose-dependently associated with increased body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumferences, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high homeostasis model of assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-β), triglycerides, total cholesterols, fibrinogen, and uric acids (p-for-trend <0.001), but not with fasting glucose levels. The association remained significant after adjustment of age, sex, and lifestyle. As compared to the reference group, subjects with the highest hsTSH percentile had significantly increased risk of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR): 1.35), increased body fat (adjOR: 1.29), central obesity (adjOR: 1.36), elevated blood pressure (adjOR: 1.26), high HbA1c (adjOR: 1.20), hyperinsulinemia (adjOR: 1.75), increased HOMA-IR (adjOR: 1.45), increased HOMA-β (adjOR: 1.40), hypertriglyceridemia (adjOR: 1.60), hypercholesterolemia (adjOR: 1.25), elevated hsCRP (adjOR: 1.34), increased fibrinogen (adjOR: 1.45), hyperuricemia (adjOR: 1.47), and metabolic syndrome (adjOR: 1.42), but significant risk of low fasting glucose (adjOR: 0.89). Mediation analysis indicates that insulin resistance mediates the majority of the association between thyroid hormone status and the metabolic syndrome. (4) Conclusion: Elevated hsTSH within the normal range is a cardiometabolic risk marker associated with central obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and hypercoagulability.

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