scholarly journals Bigger is always not better, less is more, sometimes: the concept of data minimization in the context of Big Data

Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Malek

<p></p><p><i>With the data landscape of the universe expands every second every day by leaps and bound, the data value also increases unprecedentedly. Particularly, the disruptive use of data in location tracking, predictive policing, fraud detection, healthcare, advertising media, and entertainment has already revitalized personal data in many ways. But massive amassing of data also gives rise to new issues regarding the Big Data effects, including privacy invasion, data breaches, and cyber threats, etc. Taking effective efforts for mitigating the risks of data explosion thus becomes indispensable for companies, organizations, and societies alike. In such background, this paper attempts to focus on the ways how the data minimization approach mitigates such risks, and how this approach as a concept is being incorporated in legal instruments globally. After exploring practical methods of applying data minimization, the paper concludes by delineating the way out of the existing dilemmas so created in the face of Big Data. </i></p><br><p></p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Malek

<p><i>Over 4.1 billion internet users of the universe generate about 2.5 quintillion bytes of data each day; and a digital universe of 44 zettabytes will hit 2021. As the data landscape expands every second every day, the data value also increases by leaps and bound. Personal data then get revitalized for the disruptive use of location tracking, predictive policing, fraud detection, healthcare, advertising media, and entertainment. Likewise, massive amassing of data also at the same pace gives rise to some new issues regarding the Big Data effects, including privacy invasion, data breaches, and cyber threats, etc. Taking efforts for mitigating the risks of data explosion thus becomes imperative for the society we live in. Accordingly, this paper attempts to focus on the ways how the data minimization approach mitigates such risks, and how this approach as a concept is being incorporated in the legal instruments. After suggesting practical methods on how to reap benefits from the principle, the paper concludes by exploring the way out of the existing dilemmas so created in the digital transformation. </i></p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Malek

<p><i>Over 4.1 billion internet users of the universe generate about 2.5 quintillion bytes of data each day; and a digital universe of 44 zettabytes will hit 2021. As the data landscape expands every second every day, the data value also increases by leaps and bound. Personal data then get revitalized for the disruptive use of location tracking, predictive policing, fraud detection, healthcare, advertising media, and entertainment. Likewise, massive amassing of data also at the same pace gives rise to some new issues regarding the Big Data effects, including privacy invasion, data breaches, and cyber threats, etc. Taking efforts for mitigating the risks of data explosion thus becomes imperative for the society we live in. Accordingly, this paper attempts to focus on the ways how the data minimization approach mitigates such risks, and how this approach as a concept is being incorporated in the legal instruments. After suggesting practical methods on how to reap benefits from the principle, the paper concludes by exploring the way out of the existing dilemmas so created in the digital transformation. </i></p>


Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Leon-Sanz

Background: The article studies specific ethical issues arising from the use of big data in Life Sciences and Healthcare. Methods: Main consensus documents, other studies, and particular cases are analyzed. Results: New concepts that emerged in five key areas for the bioethical debate on big data and health are identified—the accuracy and validity of data and algorithms, questions related to transparency and confidentiality in the use of data; aspects that raise the coding or pseudonymization and the anonymization of data, and also problems derived from the possible individual or group identification; the new ways of obtaining consent for the transfer of personal data; the relationship between big data and the responsibility of professional decision; and the commitment of the Institutions and Public Administrations. Conclusions: Good practices in the management of big data related to Life Sciences and Healthcare depend on respect for the rights of individuals, the improvement that these practices can introduce in assistance to individual patients, the promotion of society’s health in general and the advancement of scientific knowledge.


Author(s):  
Simon Nicholls ◽  
Michael Pushkin ◽  
Vladimir Ashkenazy

An introduction by Boris de Schloezer gives the genesis of the final text in the section, the Preliminary Action, and explains its relation to Skryabin’s projected life-work, the Mystery. Section I: an effusion of Orthodox religious feeling from teenage years. Sections II-VII: Around 1900, an expression of rejection of God in the face of disillusion is followed by the text of the choral finale of the First Symphony, declaring faith in the power of art. An unfinished opera libretto, symbolic in narrative, expressing belief in Art’s power to seduce and persuade. Three notebooks develop a world view in which the world is the result of the self’s creative activity. The creation of art and of the universe are identical. There is a higher self, identical with divinity. Forgetfulness of individuality leads to freedom and universal consciousness. Section VIII: The literary poem written during the composition of the symphonic Poem of Ecstasy summarises the scenario developed in the notebooks. Life starts with the desire to create, delight in creative play meets opposition, the creative goal is achieved and disappointment sets in. The process is repeated until it is realized that the struggle is itself joyful and self-affirmation is achieved. Section IX: The text of the Preliminary Action is symbolic in structure. Primal Male and Female Principles emerge; the Female is identified with Death. Life arises from the union of energies. Struggle and bloodshed follow. The conclusion is an impulse towards unification, the synthesis of experience and dematerialisation. Both the complete first draft and the incomplete revision are included.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  

Abstract Countries have a wide range of lifestyles, environmental exposures and different health(care) systems providing a large natural experiment to be investigated. Through pan-European comparative studies, underlying determinants of population health can be explored and provide rich new insights into the dynamics of population health and care such as the safety, quality, effectiveness and costs of interventions. Additionally, in the big data era, secondary use of data has become one of the major cornerstones of digital transformation for health systems improvement. Several countries are reviewing governance models and regulatory framework for data reuse. Precision medicine and public health intelligence share the same population-based approach, as such, aligning secondary use of data initiatives will increase cost-efficiency of the data conversion value chain by ensuring that different stakeholders needs are accounted for since the beginning. At EU level, the European Commission has been raising awareness of the need to create adequate data ecosystems for innovative use of big data for health, specially ensuring responsible development and deployment of data science and artificial intelligence technologies in the medical and public health sectors. To this end, the Joint Action on Health Information (InfAct) is setting up the Distributed Infrastructure on Population Health (DIPoH). DIPoH provides a framework for international and multi-sectoral collaborations in health information. More specifically, DIPoH facilitates the sharing of research methods, data and results through participation of countries and already existing research networks. DIPoH's efforts include harmonization and interoperability, strengthening of the research capacity in MSs and providing European and worldwide perspectives to national data. In order to be embedded in the health information landscape, DIPoH aims to interact with existing (inter)national initiatives to identify common interfaces, to avoid duplication of the work and establish a sustainable long-term health information research infrastructure. In this workshop, InfAct lays down DIPoH's core elements in coherence with national and European initiatives and actors i.e. To-Reach, eHAction, the French Health Data Hub and ECHO. Pitch presentations on DIPoH and its national nodes will set the scene. In the format of a round table, possible collaborations with existing initiatives at (inter)national level will be debated with the audience. Synergies will be sought, reflections on community needs will be made and expectations on services will be discussed. The workshop will increase the knowledge of delegates around the latest health information infrastructure and initiatives that strive for better public health and health systems in countries. The workshop also serves as a capacity building activity to promote cooperation between initiatives and actors in the field. Key messages DIPoH an infrastructure aiming to interact with existing (inter)national initiatives to identify common interfaces, avoid duplication and enable a long-term health information research infrastructure. National nodes can improve coordination, communication and cooperation between health information stakeholders in a country, potentially reducing overlap and duplication of research and field-work.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Doetsch ◽  
I Lopes ◽  
R Redinha ◽  
H Barros

Abstract The usage and exchange of “big data” is at the forefront of the data science agenda where Record Linkage plays a prominent role in biomedical research. In an era of ubiquitous data exchange and big data, Record Linkage is almost inevitable, but raises ethical and legal problems, namely personal data and privacy protection. Record Linkage refers to the general merging of data information to consolidate facts about an individual or an event that are not available in a separate record. This article provides an overview of ethical challenges and research opportunities in linking routine data on health and education with cohort data from very preterm (VPT) infants in Portugal. Portuguese, European and International law has been reviewed on data processing, protection and privacy. A three-stage analysis was carried out: i) interplay of threefold law-levelling for Record Linkage at different levels; ii) impact of data protection and privacy rights for data processing, iii) data linkage process' challenges and opportunities for research. A framework to discuss the process and its implications for data protection and privacy was created. The GDPR functions as utmost substantial legal basis for the protection of personal data in Record Linkage, and explicit written consent is considered the appropriate basis for the processing sensitive data. In Portugal, retrospective access to routine data is permitted if anonymised; for health data if it meets data processing requirements declared with an explicit consent; for education data if the data processing rules are complied. Routine health and education data can be linked to cohort data if rights of the data subject and requirements and duties of processors and controllers are respected. A strong ethical context through the application of the GDPR in all phases of research need to be established to achieve Record Linkage between cohort and routine collected records for health and education data of VPT infants in Portugal. Key messages GDPR is the most important legal framework for the protection of personal data, however, its uniform approach granting freedom to its Member states hampers Record Linkage processes among EU countries. The question remains whether the gap between data protection and privacy is adequately balanced at three legal levels to guarantee freedom for research and the improvement of health of data subjects.


Author(s):  
Artur Potiguara Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Potiguara Carvalho ◽  
Edna Dias Canedo ◽  
Pedro Henrique Potiguara Carvalho

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper determines how service supply chains can create value with big data, by building cross-departmental processes. Based on the study’s results, the critical alignment capabilities for successful big data value creation are: IT-process alignment; IT-performance alignment; performance-process alignment; human-IT alignment; and human-process alignment. Additionally, overarching and underlying strategic and organizational alignment capabilities also impacted this value creation. The human impact on employees of big data-led process creation shouldn’t be underestimated. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


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