Influence of a community-based approach to improve risk factors of lifestyle diseases by Japanese public health nurses: A case-control study

Background: The WHO estimates that, of the 529 000 maternal deaths occurring every year 136 000 take place in India amongst which postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) being the most (29.6%) commonly reported complication. However deaths from PPH can be prevented. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors contributing to maternal deaths amongst women who develop PPH.Methods: This was a community based paired case-control study done in rural areas of Lucknow, UP (India) done in a period of one year. Thirty-one maternal deaths due to PPH (cases) were matched and compared with two mothers who survived from PPH (controls). Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 and Open Epi version 2.3. The appropriate significance test was applied using MacNemar test for paired data. Risk factors obtained significant in bivariate analysis were subjected to conditional multiple logistic regressions for adjustment and controlling the effect of confounding variables. Results have been given in form of unadjusted Odds ratio (UOR) and adjusted Odds ratio (AOR).Results: It was seen that the mothers who had taken ≥4 antenatal visits during the index pregnancy had a protective effect against deaths due to PPH. Home delivery raised the odds of death by seven times.Conclusions: Deaths due to PPH can be reduced by ensuring institutional delivery, good antenatal care and better referral facilities, especially for mothers from weaker sections of society.

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Maternal depression and low maternal intelligence as risk factors for malnutrition in children: a community based case-control study from South India

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/adc.2002.009738 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

S Anoop

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Depression ◽

South India ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors for Stunting Among Children: A Community Based Case Control Study in Nepal

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 18-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rajan Paudel ◽

B Pradhan ◽

RR Wagle ◽

DP Pahari ◽

SR Onta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Child Morbidity ◽

Food Deficit ◽

Measured Length ◽

Measure Of Association ◽

Control Study

Background Stunting, a chronic condition, is an underlying cause of child morbidity and mortality in Nepal. This study intends to identify the factors causing stunting among children that will help to prioritize the strategies at the district level. Objective The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for stunting among children of age between 6 to 59 months. Methods The study was based on community-based case control design in the mid-west, Surkhet Nepal from August to September 2010. The cases were stunted children and controls were the children without stunting. Data was collected by interviewing those children’s mothers and measured length/height of 118 children as cases and 236 children as controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the best model of factors leading to stunting. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as a measure of association. Results Socio-economic risk factors for stunting comprised mothers without earning (OR=3.11, 95% CI 1.26-7.65), food deficit families (OR=4.26, 95% CI 1.73-10.45) and care taker of the children other than mother (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.19-7.70). Environmental risk factors for stunting consisted of kitchen without ventilation and children exposed to pesticide. Inappropriate exclusive breast feeding (OR=6.90, 95% CI 2.81-16.97), complementary feeding less than four times a day (OR=3.60, 95% CI 1.32-9.95) and dietary diversity below WHO standard (OR=4.06, 95% CI 1.70-9.67) were factors of stunted children. Diarrhea was found significantly associated with stunting (OR=7.46, 95% CI 2.98-18.65). Conclusions Stunting was found to be as a result of multiple factors such as socio-economic, environmental and inappropriate feeding practices. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 18-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8012

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Risk Factors for Nonfatal Drowning in Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Community-Based Case-Control Study

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.06.049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 691-692

Author(s):

Syed Abul Hassan Md Abdullah ◽

Meerjady S. Flora

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Control Study

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A case-control study of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in patients attending tertiary care hospitals in India

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v3i1.17712 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Rachna Kapoor ◽

Sheetal Vyas ◽

Pinkal Patel ◽

Hemangi Mehta ◽

Pooja Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽

Control Study

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of both mortality and forgone healthy years of life among working-age adults (15-69 years) in South Asia. It is the leading cause of death in India and worldwide. For non-communicable diseases (NCDs), common, modifiable and easily measurable risk factors could be reliably used to predict the future burden of the diseases and to measure the effectiveness of public health interventions. A case-control study was undertaken to examine the socio-demographic profile of IHD patients and to identify the risk fac-tors in already diagnosed cases of IHD admitted in three tertiary care hospitals of Ahmedabad, India. We have in-cluded 100 cases and 100 controls who were group matched with the cases. The association of various risk factors with IHD was assessed. On univariate analysis it was found that 7 out of 8 risk factors were significantly associated with IHD. They are alcohol consumption (OR; 14.6, 95% CI; 6.4-33.3), smoking (OR; 13.6, 95% CI; 6.6-27.8), to-bacco consumption in non-smoking form (OR;2.3, 95% CI; 0.78-7.02), hypertension (OR; 6.5, 95% CI; 3.4-12.3), Type 2 diabetes (OR; 4.5, 95% CI; 2.4-8.7), obesity (OR; 9.7, 95% CI; 4.9-19.1), sedentary lifestyle (OR; 3.8, CI; 1.8-8.4 ) and family history (OR; 5.3, 95% CI; 2.8-9.9). This study identified the significance of alcohol, smoking, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and family history in the outcome of IHD. This suggests that the increased cardiovascular risk among the urban population of Ahmedabad city may be preventable through lifestyle interventions along with the judicious use of medicines to attain optimal levels of blood pressure, lipids and glucose among the high risk population. South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2013; 3(1): 57-60 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i1.17712

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