scholarly journals An investigation into copper-binding capacity of the white leg shrimp head (Litopenaeus vannamei) protein hydrolysate

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Tam Dinh Le Vo Vo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Shrimp Head

The aim of this study is to obtain the copper-binding protein hydrolysate from the white leg shrimp head (WLSH) by-product using enzymatic hydrolysis. The outcome indicated that the copper-binding capacity (CBC) of the WLSH protein hydrolysate achieved the maximum value of 19.4±0.5 mg Cu2+/g protein with hydrolysis conditions including Flavourzyme preparation, pH 7.5, 50°C, the enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio of 80 U/g protein and 5h of hydrolysis. Under the pH treatment in a range of 1-11 or heat treatment at 100°C for up to 180 min, its CBC remained over 80%. The water holding capacity (WHC) and the oil-holding capacity (OHC) of the protein hydrolysate were 4.1±0.1 ml water/g protein hydrolysate powder and 4.5±0.1 ml oil/g protein hydrolysate powder, respectively. The solution also encompassed up to 8 essential amino acids, accounting for 36.1% of the total amino acid content. The protein hydrolysate could serve not only as a copper chelating agent, preventing copper-deficient or superfluous relating diseases, but also as a texturizer and an amino acid supplement fortified in various types of food.

Copper-chelating peptide from salmon by-product proteolysate

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam D.L. Vo ◽  
Khoa Trong Pham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Binding Peptides ◽  
Peptide Fractions ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe aims of this study included evaluation of copper-binding capacity (CBC) and amino acid composition of salmon by-product proteolysate and its peptide fractions, optimization of hydrolysis condition, and identification of copper-binding peptides from the proteolysate. The result was that under the ideal hydrolysis (Neutrase, temperature of 45 °C, pH 7, enzyme:substrate (E:S) proportion of 72.24 U/g protein and hydrolysis time of 8.02 h), the proteolysate had the indispensable amino acid content at approximately 38.7% and also displayed the maximal CBC of 15163.6 µg Cu2+/g protein. Besides, four peptide fractions of 10–30 kDa, 3–10 kDa, 1–3 kDa, and <1 kDa were recovered using ultrafiltration, among which the <1 kDa fraction had the highest CBC of 10852.00 ± 895.06 µgCu2+/g protein. A copper-binding peptide, Phe-Ile-Asp-Asp-Asp-Ala-Phe-Ile-Arg (1110 Da), was identified from this fraction using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). As a whole, the proteolysate/peptides could be used for copper enhancement that could shield human body from copper inadequacy disorders.

Effect of type of diet (casein-based or protein-free) and caecotrophy on ileal endogenous nitrogen and amino acid flow in rabbits

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. García ◽  
J. C. de Bias ◽  
R. Carabaño
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Present Trial ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Ingredient Composition ◽  
Intake Ratio

AbstractTwenty-eight New Zealand White X Californian doe rabbits weighing 3791±141 g were surgically fitted with a glass T-cannula at ileum level. Animals were given ad libitum access to either a casein-based diet (C) or a protein-free diet (PF). The only difference in the ingredient composition of the diets was the substitution of 160g/kg of maize starch by casein in the C diet. Animals were randomly allotted to each experimental diet. Seven rabbits per diet were not allowed to practice caecotrophy. The C diet resulted in higher food dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) (111-5 v. 51-5 g/day), food nitrogen intake (3-12 v. 0-20 g/day), ileal flow of DM (56-0 v. 23-8 g/day) and ileal flow of nitrogen (0-72 v. 0-24 g/day) but lower soft faeces DMI (21-7 v. 41-4 g/day) than the PF diet. A linear relationship between ileal endogenous nitrogen flow and total DMI was found for animals given the C but not for the PF diet. The ingestion ofC diet led to a higher (proportionately 0-41, on average), endogenous ileal amino acid flow than PF diet for all amino acids except for glycine. The ileal flow of glycine was proportionately 0-25 higher in animals given the PF diet than in animals given the C diet. The C diet resulted in higher content of nitrogen, threonine and proline in soft faeces than the PF diet. In contrast, the ingestion of the PF diet led to a higher content of lysine and methionine in soft faeces than the C diet. Within the C diet, animals practising caecotrophy showed higher ileal flow of DM (73-4 v. 56-0 g/day) and phenylalanine (0-834 v. 0-677 g/kg DMI) than animals not practising it. Caecotrophy led to a higher endogenous proportion of some of the most important limiting essential amino acids in rabbits, such as arginine, lysine, phenylalanine and threonine. In rabbits, the use of PF diets has limited practical application in the estimation of nitrogen endogenous losses as the low food DMI and the high soft faecesDMI leads to abnormal food: soft faeces intake ratio. Moreover, due to the important effect of caecotrophy on the amino acid composition of endogenous losses, it is important to correct the total amino acid content of the ileal chyme by the undigested amino acid residue coming from the soft faeces intake. This correction could be made, without the methodological complexity implied, by fitting animals with a wooden collar and thereby avoiding caecotrophy as in the present trial.

scholarly journals Amino acid profiles of Solanum aethiopicum, Amaranthus hybridus, and Telfairia occidentalis, common leafy vegetables in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110320
Author(s):  
Patrick M Aja ◽  
Boniface A Ale ◽  
Ezebuilo U Ekpono ◽  
Ifeoma Nwite ◽  
Lucy Aja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis

The aim was to evaluate the amino acid compositions of three commonly consumed leafy vegetables ( Solanum aethiopicum, Amaranthus  hybridus, and Telfairia occidentalis) in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Leafy vegetables are important protective foods and beneficial for the maintenance of healthy living and prevention of diseases. The fresh leaves of A. hybridus, T. occidentalis, and S. aethiopicum were air-dried under room temperature for 1 week. The dried samples were further milled into a fine powder using a mechanical grinder and were stored in an air-tight plastic container. Amino acid content was determined using an applied Bio-system (phenylthiohydantoin, PTH) amino acid analyzer. Among amino acids determined in the vegetables, glutamic acid had the highest value with 12.59, 11.20, and 11.96 g/100 g protein, which was followed closely by leucine with 9.81, 7.94, 9.28 g/100 g protein, and aspartic acid with 8.99, 8.62, and 9.74 g/100 g protein in S. aethiopicum, A. hybridus, and T. occidentalis, respectively on dry weight bases. The leaf that contained the highest total amino acid (TAA) was S. aethiopicum with 88.69 g/100 g protein followed by T. occidentalis with 80.39 g/100 g protein while A. hybridus being the lowest, had 73.38 g/100 g protein. The limiting essential amino acid was tryptophan with 1.98 g/100 g protein while leucine with 9.0 g/100 g protein was the most abundant TAA. The percentage concentration of different groups of amino acid in vegetables revealed that total essential amino acid (TEAA) had 54.85%, total non-essential amino acid (TNEAA) had 48.27%, total neutral amino acid (TNAA) had 22.24%, total acidic amino acid (TAAA) had 32.48%, total basic amino acid (TBAA) had 11.53%, total aromatic amino acid (TArAA) had 11.89% while total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) had 3.94%. The results indicate that the vegetables studied are rich in essential amino acids and could serve as a good source of quality protein. Therefore, they could be recommended as food supplements, especially when animal proteins become more expensive as a source of protein.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF SOYBEAN AND SUNFLOWER PROCESSING PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Н. P. Ryvak ◽  
G. I. Boyko ◽  
R. O. Ryvak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Sunflower Meal

The literature review of the article presents the characteristics of the protein value of plant feed materials, in particular, of soybean and sunflower processing products, depending on the production technology. Their amino acid composition ideally meets the needs of young animals and poultry due to the high content of essential amino acids. The section «Materials and methods» presents methods for determining: crude protein by the Kjeldahl method, soluble protein in 0.2% potassium hydroxide, Barnstein protein, falsification of protein products with inorganic nitrogen, as well as characteristics of methods for determining the content of essential and non-essential amino acids, incl. sulfur-containing, using the system of capillary electrophoresis «Drops-105M». As a result of the research it was found that of the total number of analyzed samples of soybean meal in terms of protein content, 30.8% of products did not meet the declared values of producers and were in the range of 37.4 - 40.8%, in terms of protein solubility were in the range of 75 - 78%, which meets the norms of feeding.In addition, 5.0% of the total number of samples analyzed, were falsified after Bard alcohol, falsification of inorganic nitrogen was not found. The use of low-protein raw materials for the production of sunflower meal and cake was reflected in their protein content and ranged from 26.3 to 33.7%. Fermented soybean product and toasted soybean meal are characterized by a higher total content of essential amino acids in the protein, which was 26.3% and 27.2%, respectively, compared with full-fat expanded soybean expanded, where this figure was at 20.25%, and prevailed other analyzed products by methionine, threonine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, alanine etc. The analyzed sample of sunflower meal, produced by a special technology is equivalent in total amino acid content in the studied soy products. Its content of methionine was 1.5 and 2.1 times higher, compared with toasted soybean meal and full-fat soybean, respectively. Also, the content of threonine, glycine, cystine, tryptophan, aspartic and glutamic acids in the sample of sunflower meal prevailed the content of the same amino acids in soybean products. Thus, the comprehensive assessment of plant protein components makes it possible to control not only the quantitative content of protein and amino acids, but also provides a detailed assessment of feeding.

scholarly journals Optimization of hydrolyzation procedure for amino acid analysis in fish meat with HPLC-DAD by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekrem Cem Çankırılıgil ◽  
Nermin Berik ◽  
Esen Alp Erbay
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Fish Meat

In this research, with the aim of maximizing amino acid content by different hydrolization procedures of fish meat were carried out and analysed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with diode array detector (DAD). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine factors that used in the experiments. The RSM suggested 16 different hydrolization trials between the ranges of normality as 3 N - 8 N, temperature as 90°C-110°C and duration as 12-24 hours were run. In the following, hydrolysed samples were analysed with HPLC-DAD and obtained data were evaluated with Box-Behnken method in RSM. Our results show that, the most effective experiment was found as hydrolysing by 3.79 N at 110°C in 24 hours for total amino acid content as well as maximized essential amino acids with 0.981 desirability. For sensitive ones, hydrolysing in 3.42 N at 106.8°C in 12.02 hours was found as most effective with maximized Asn, Gln and Trp with 0.849 desirability.

Organoleptic Quality, Minerals, Proteins and Amino Acids from Two Tunisian Commercial Pomegranate Fruits

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Elfalleh ◽  
Nizar Tlili ◽  
Ma Ying ◽  
He Sheng-Hua ◽  
Ali Ferchichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Major Storage Protein

Chemicals from fresh pomegranates were established. Total sugar of juice extracts are mainly fructose (ca. 7.27 g/100 ml) and glucose (ca. 8.11 g/100 ml). Pulp minerals, expressed as mg/100g are potassium (351.26), magnesium (10.02), calcium (9.26), sodium (7.25), iron (0.15), Zinc (0.10), copper (0.08) and manganese (0.04). Juice proteins are about 7.95 g/l and dry pulp proteins are 24% on a dry-weight basis DW (Kjeldhal assays). Seed proteins are ca. 16.87% DW. Globulins (62.4 mg/g DW) and albumins (54.12 mg/g DW) are the major storage protein fractions, followed by glutelins (33.2 mg/g DW) and prolamins (18.08 mg/g DW). Seed total amino acid content is 14.45 g/100 g DW. Seeds are rich in Glu, Arg, Asp, Leu and Gly amino acids. Essential amino acids average 33.54% of total amino acid. Essential amino acids are mostly all much higher than the requirement of FAO/WHO for adults (but none for preschool children). Most other amino acids have content slightly fewer. All of these findings implied that the content of sugar, mineral and protein maybe included in pomegranate as supplements for commonly diets.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Profiling of the Leaves of Senna Obtusifolia and Biochemical Changes during Fermentation for Production of ''Kawal'', a Traditional Food Condiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Idriss Lawane Abakar ◽  
◽  
Tidjani Abdelsalam ◽  
Parkouda Charles ◽  
François Tapsoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Low Income Families

Kawal is made by a natural or uncontrolled fermentation of Senna obtusifolia leaves. It is a food condiment, and appreciated because of its particular flavor. It is also used as a meat or fish substitute. Kawal is an important source of protein in the diet of low-income families. The present work was done to determine the total amino acid content in raw and fermented Senna obtusifolia leaves. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with The Pico-Tag method was used for the analysis and determination of amino acid profiles. The results obtained showed that the kawal protein is rich in essential amino acids and semi-essential for humans, with different concentrations. Leucine gave a maximum value of 208.56 mg/100 g (DM) and 538,29 mg/100 g (DM); valine showed the value of 173,46 mg/100 g (DM) and 476.25 mg/100 g (DM), for lysine this value is 205.58 mg/100 g (DM) and 456.13 mg/100 g (DM). In the background, we have histidine, threonine, tyrosine, isoleucine and phenylalanine, whose best concentrations are between 157.36 mg/100 g and 397.93 mg/100 g (DM) in fermented leaves. For semi-essential amino acids, the fermented leaves have concentrations of between 121.96 mg/100 g and 1260.92 mg/100 g (DM).

scholarly journals Amino acid and biogenic amine composition of Busha cattle milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
K. Berisha ◽  
H. Bytyçi ◽  
Zs. Mednyánszky ◽  
E. Kiss ◽  
L. Simon-Sarkadi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Feeding Programs

AbstractTo our knowledge, there is a lack of information on the nutrient composition of Busha cattle milk with special regard to its amino acid and biogenic amine contents. The Busha cattle breed is known to be highly resistant to various diseases and well-adapted to the extensive breeding conditions of the Balkan Peninsula. Busha cow milk contains an average of 13.47% dry matter, 4.34% fat, 3.72 % protein, and 4.32% lactose. Significant differences were detected (P < 0.05) in the amino acid compositions of the milk of different Busha cattle strains of Kosovo. Glutamic acid, proline, leucine, aspartic acid, lysine, and valine represented 68% of the total amino acid content. Essential amino acids, branched-chain and sulphur-containing amino acids were found in substantial amounts in the milk samples. Among the biogenic amines, however, spermine (0.16 mg kg−1) and cadaverine (0.09 mg kg−1) were present in low concentrations. Due to these excellent qualities of the Busha cow milk, preservation of this cattle breed is of great importance. Developing sustainable and secured breeding and feeding programs for this endangered cattle breed of the Balkan Peninsula should also be a high priority.

Amino acid composition of wheat proteins from different growing areas after long-term storage

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
K.B. Gurieva ◽  
N.A. Khaba ◽  
E.A. Tarasova ◽  
S.L. Beletskiy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Complete Protein

The results of the research on the assessment of the biological value of wheat after storage by the composition and ratio of amino acids are presented. It is shown that after 6.5 years of storage in elevator silos, the protein content in wheat met the requirements of the standard for class 3 wheat. The sum of all amino acids was from 11.5 to 13.1 g / 100 g, including essential amino acids — 4.0-4.5g/100g and non-essential — 7.8-8.7 g / 100 g. The proportion of essential amino acids was 33.7-35.3% of the total amino acid content. The calculation of the amino acid score demonstrated that the main amino acid limiting the nutritional value of wheat after storage is lysine with an amino acid score of 45-53%. The essential amino acids threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine are also classified as deficient, but with a higher value of the amino acid score, close to the complete protein.

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

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