Evaluation of Suitability of Drainage Water of Al-Hussainia sector (Kut-Iraq) For Irrigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Omran I. Mohammad ◽  
Laheab abas Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Gis Software

      Al-Hussainia sector is the middle sector of Al-Dalmaj irrigation project. In this study, a specified area of Al-Hussainia sector has been selected to be evaluated for its water suitability for irrigation. For Al-Hussainia main drain, the evaluation includes four stages as follows: 1- Chemical evaluation of drainage water, 2-Analysis of drainage water by Aq.Qa software,  3- Leaching requirements computations, 4- Evaluation of the drainage water quality in the specified area of the project using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. For the chemical evaluation, the most important indicators for the salinity problem considered are (Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Sodium Content). The test results showed that there are no harmful effects from Sodium indicators on crops production while there is a salinity problem. The residual sodium carbonate values were zero for all locations. The analysis of the hydro chemical results by Aq.Qa program shows that the internal consistency of the samples was acceptable. It is concluded that the drainage water of Al-Hussainia sector can be used directly to irrigate wheat and barley without reducing the yield with leaching requirement of 0.25 for wheat for all locations while barley needs a leaching requirement of 0.15 for locations 3,4, and 5 a leaching requirement of 0.17 should be provided for locations 1, 2, and 6. For corn crop, the drainage water is unsuitable for irrigation unless it is mixed with irrigation water to eliminate the salinity hazard. However the mixing ratio is0.5 (1:1) for all locations except location 2 where the mixing ratio needed is0.6 (1:2). The three dimensional spatial analysis using the GIS software (Arc Map V. 9.3) showed that the final model of the study area is of permissible irrigation water quality.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Assessment of the Irrigation Water Quality of the El-Salam Canal, Egypt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Yasser A. El-Amier ◽  
Wafaa K. Kotb ◽  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Hala Fakhry ◽  
Najat A. Marraiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Kelley Index

The El-Salam canal in Egypt is considered an important stream of fresh water for the agricultural sector that extends from the Nile River to Sinai, while it is subjected to several anthropogenic stresses. In this study, five-georeferenced stations (named from S1 to S5) were monitored along the El-Salam Canal before El-Sahara of the Suez Canal, via the estimation of the WQ index based on major cations and anions analysis including salinity hazard, permeability index, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard, sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, Kelley index, potential salinity, total hardness, and irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The sequence of average concentration of cations in water were Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. The major cations constitute around 60% of the total dissolved salts. While the sequence of major anions in water were SO42− > HCO3− > Cl− > CO32−. These cations and anions showed an increasing trend from S1 (intake of the canal) to S5 (before El-Sahara) of the El-Salam Canal. Moreover, the order of heavy metals was Zn < Cd < Cr < Ni < Fe < Mn < Co < Cu < Pb. According to the US EPA (1999) guidelines, the levels of Fe and Zn in the El-Salam Canal are within the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation purposes, while Mn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, and Cd were detected at higher concentrations than those recommended. The value of IWQI in water samples varied from 40.26 to 114.82. The samples of S1 showed good water, the samples of region S2 (after mixing with Faraskour drainage) showed poor water quality, samples of regions S3 (after mixing with the El-Serw drain waters) and S5 (before El-Sahara) fell under the very poor water category and samples of region S4 (after mixing with the Hadous drainage) showed unsuitable water. Croplands irrigated with such water will not be exposed to any alkaline risks but will be exposed to the risk of salinity, which is more severe after mixing at the S3 and S4 sites. It is recommended to treat the drainage water before mixing with the irrigation water of El-Salam Canal to raise the suitability of irrigation water for crops, particularly for the Hadous drain.

scholarly journals Moving toward Sustainable Irrigation in a Southern Idaho Irrigation Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1449
Author(s):  
David L. Bjorneberg ◽  
James A. Ippolito ◽  
Bradley A. King ◽  
S. Kossi Nouwakpo ◽  
Anita C. Koehn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Irrigation Return Flow

HighlightsPrivate and public irrigation development was important for expanding agricultural production in the western U.S.The Twin Falls Canal Company is an excellent example of a successful Carey Act project.Cooperative efforts during the last 30 years have dramatically improved the water quality of irrigation return flow.Electricity generated by six hydroelectric facilities improves the sustainability of the irrigation project.Abstract. Private and public irrigation development projects were fundamental to bringing irrigation to arid regions of the western U.S. The Twin Falls Canal Company in southern Idaho provides a case study of private and public irrigation development because the project was developed by private investors under the Carey Act and receives a portion of its irrigation water supply from U.S. Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs. The project survived initial financial struggles and waterlogged soil to focus on sustaining crop production by reducing chronic furrow irrigation erosion and nutrient losses in irrigation return flow. Average sediment loss from the project was 460 kg ha-1 in 1970. A cooperative effort by the canal company, state and federal agencies, and farmers improved water quality by installing sediment ponds on fields, applying polyacrylamide with furrow irrigation, converting from furrow to sprinkler irrigation, and constructing water quality ponds on irrigation return flow streams. From 2006 to 2018, more sediment and total phosphorus flowed into the watershed than returned to the Snake River, and the project removed 13,000 Mg of sediment and 30 Mg of total phosphorus from the Snake River each year. However, nitrate-N from subsurface drainage was lost at 10 kg ha-1 each year, or 800 Mg year-1, for the entire watershed. While sediment and phosphorus concentrations in irrigation return flow have decreased, these concentrations were still greater than the irrigation water, indicating that more can be done to reduce the project’s influence on water quality in the Snake River. Keywords: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sediment, Soluble salts, Water quality.

scholarly journals Major Ion Chemistry and Groundwater Quality Evaluation for Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
G. Shyamala ◽  
S. Ramesh ◽  
N. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Magnesium Hazard ◽  
Sodium Percent

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Groundwater analyzed in the study area of Coimbatore district by collecting 60 samples from agricultural belt. Groundwater quality for irrigation is determined by several key factors like pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TDS). The cations such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+ ) and anions are Hydrocarbon (HCO3), Carbonate (CO3 -), Chlorides (Cl-)and Sulphates (SO4 2-) are tested. The irrigation water quality parameters such as Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Chloro Alkali Indices (CA I & CAII), Kelley’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Percent sodium (%Na) and Permeability Index (PI), Soluble sodium Percent (SSP) are computed from the key factors, anions and cations. From the USSL Diagram the samples fall in C2S1, C3S1, C4S1 range. Salinity hazard is too elevated in the study area, all the samples are categorized under high to very high with the values greater than 750 μS/cm. Total dissolved solid in the study area indicated that only 2 locations are unfit for irrigation. SAR and % Na shows that there is no hazard related to irrigation watering. Magnesium hazard in the groundwater is high and indicates 51 sample out of 60 is unsuitable for irrigation. From the study it indicates the groundwater is contaminated with salt content and in most of the area it can be used for irrigation. Keywords: Groundwater, Irrigation water quality, Salinity hazard, Kelley’s ratio, Magnesium hazard

scholarly journals Analysis of Irrigation Water Quality at Kadawa Irrigation Project for Improved Productivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Sanda ◽  
Jibrin Dibal
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cropping Seasons

In the face of water scarcity and the several negative consequences, such as water wastage, flooding, water logging, soil losses and production losses, conserving the finite amount of fresh water is a must. The quality of irrigation water must therefore be ascertained. The chemical quality of three sources of irrigation water from canal and drainage water, namely drainage water, fresh irrigation water from canal, and drainage/irrigation water mixture, were analyzed from Kadawa irrigation Project for year 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons, with the view to evaluating the potential risks associated with their use in irrigation and hence their suitability or otherwise for irrigation purposes. The analysis revealed that the use of drainage water alone for irrigation may result in problems associated with salinity, while a blend of drainage/irrigation water in the ratio of 1:1 is a viable means of water conservation and a good means of crop production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11082 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 235-240

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality in drainage canals of Çarşamba Plain, Turkey, through water quality indexes and graphical methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Ussl Diagram

<p>In this study, the seasonal variation on drainage water quality of Çarşamba Plain, Turkey has been evaluated from June 2012 to January 2013 and determined the suitability of water for irrigation purpose. Water samples collected from 21 drainage canals during July and January were analysed for 12 water quality parameters including physico-chemical analyses<strong>. </strong>Piper diagram and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram were prepared to investigate water quality. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Percent Sodium (Na%), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly Index (KI), Magnesium Ratio (MR), Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Permeability Index (PI) and Potential Salinity (PS) were also used to assess suitability of waters for irrigation.</p> <p>In July 2012, EC values varied between 0.45-4.23 dS/m. Waters of 7 drainage canals were found to be unsuitable for irrigation with regard to KI, 3 canals with regard to RSC and 13 canals with regard to MR. According to USSL diagram, 24% of drainage waters were classified in C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>1</sub>, 62% in C<sub>3</sub>S<sub>1</sub>, 4% in C<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub> and 10% in C<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub> class. In January 2013, EC values varied between 0.16-1.44 dS/m. Waters of one canal was found to be unsuitable for irrigation with regard to KI and 8 canals with regard to MR values.</p> <div> <p>The result obtained from paired sample <em>t</em>-test revealed that the drainage canal water quality varies significantly between June 2012 and January 2013 except for Ca, Mg and SO<sub>4</sub>. &nbsp;According to analysed parameters, some of&nbsp; the drainage canals were considered unsuitable for irrigation in june 2012. The water properties of all canals were observed as unsuitable to be used for drip irrigation in accordance to the LSI index. Classification of drainage water by USSL diagrams indicates a low sodium and high salinity hazard.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

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