Public Opinion Toward Artificial Intelligence

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31219/osf.io/284sm ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Baobao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Public Opinion ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

The Public ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Major Stakeholder ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of AI Governance synthesizes and discusses research on public opinion toward artificial intelligence (AI). Understanding citizens' and consumers' attitudes toward AI is important from a normative standpoint because the public is a major stakeholder in shaping the future of the technology and should have a voice in policy discussions. Furthermore, the research could help us anticipate future political and consumer behavior. Survey data worldwide show that the public is increasingly aware of AI; however, they -- unlike AI researchers -- tend to anthropomorphize AI. Demographic differences correlate with trust in AI in the abstract: those living in East Asia have higher levels of trust in AI, while women and those of lower socioeconomic status across different regions have lower levels of trust. Surveys that focus on particular AI applications, including facial recognition technology, personalization algorithms, lethal autonomous weapons, and workplace automation, add complexity to this research topic. I conclude this chapter by recommending four new topics for future studies: 1) institutional trust in actors building and deploying AI systems, 2) the impact of knowledge and experience on attitudes toward AI, 3) heterogeneity in attitudes toward AI, and 4) the relationship between attitudes and behavior.

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The Biopolitics of Immigration: A Genealogy of the “Hispanic Paradox”

Genealogy ◽

10.3390/genealogy4010002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Jordan Liz

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Hispanic Paradox ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Philosophical Perspective ◽

The Public ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

The Us ◽

White Majority ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The “Hispanic Paradox” refers to the epidemiological finding that, despite a lower socioeconomic status, Hispanics tend to have health outcomes (especially regarding mortality rates and life expectancy) that are similar to, if not better than, US non-Hispanic Whites. Within the public health literature, a number of explanations have been proposed focusing on reproductive and fertility rates, biological differences, cultural and lifestyle advantages, the impact of selective migration to the US, among others. Despite the abundant literature on this topic since the late 1980s, little work has been done on the paradox from a philosophical perspective. In this paper, I seek to address this gap by offering a genealogy of the “Hispanic Paradox.” The bulk of this paper, then, focuses on exposing how the development of the Hispanic Paradox is epistemically tied to the prevailing anti-immigration discourse of the 1980s and 1990s. By highlighting the relationship between these two phenomena, this paper proposes a new direction for research into the biopolitics of immigration. More specifically, this paper suggests that the discourses of the “browning of America” and the Hispanic Paradox reveal a specifically biopolitical concern over the longevity of the United States as a White-majority country.

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The Influence Of Media On Attitudinal And Behavioral Changes: Acceptance Of Culture And Products

International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) ◽

10.19030/iber.v11i12.7617 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1433

Author(s):

Rahmiati Lita ◽

Yoon C. Cho

Keyword(s):

Cultural Awareness ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

The Media ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Way

Culture affects every part of our lives, every day, from birth to death, and everything in between (Cateora, Gilly, and Graham 2011). This study discusses the way in which customers acceptance of cultures and products has been greatly affected by the media. This study also investigates how customers acceptance leads to attitudinal and behavioral changes. In particular, this study measures the impact of a cultural wave to examine the attitudinal and behavioral changes it causes. This study explores the causes that affect the willingness of people to change their behavior after exposure to the media. In particular, this study investigates 1) how a cultural wave influences product and cultural awareness, 2) the relationship between perceptions of a cultural wave and peoples attitudes and behavior, and 3) the relationship between the strength of peoples attitudes toward acculturation and changes in attitude and behavior. By applying various statistical analyses, this study identifies managerial and theoretical implications.

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The Research on Dynamics Evolution Patterns of Online Public Opinion

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.186 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 411-414 ◽

pp. 186-191

Author(s):

Jin Du ◽

Yan Hui Du ◽

Yu Chen

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Public Opinion ◽

Social Network ◽

The Public ◽

Network Cluster ◽

Correlation Degree ◽

General Rules ◽

Control Pattern ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Dynamics evolution patterns play an important role on Public opinion nowadays. In this paper, developing rules and trends are discussed by means of Petri method of online public opinion. The public opinion online was analyzed as a stream from which the conception of public opinion stream was proposed and its control pattern was developed as well. Based on these, correlation degree variables between social network cluster nodes were dynamically introduced, and general rules of public opinion streams between associated network cluster organizations were studied. The Public-opinion-stream correlation control pattern which can regulate the relationship of social network cluster nodes and verify the empirical research of sociology, journalism and psychology. At last, artificial intelligence and decision support can be supplied to relevant industries by instructing system design and management system.

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Exploring the Relationship Between Public Opinion and Personal Attitudes and Behavior Toward Lesbians and Gay Men: Social Conformity Revisited

Journal of Homosexuality ◽

10.1080/00918369.2011.614910 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1421-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carole J. Hetzel

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Gay Men ◽

Social Conformity ◽

Personal Attitudes ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Relationship

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Attitudinal Ambivalence

Psychology ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0254 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nicoletta Cavazza ◽

Vincent Pillaud ◽

Fabrizio Butera

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Individual Level ◽

Attitudinal Ambivalence ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

Research on attitudinal ambivalence started in the early 1970s, forty years after the first wave of research on attitudes. Ambivalent attitudes consist of both positive and negative evaluations of the same object. Early approaches proposed different measurement methods, and ambivalence can now be measured either directly (referred to as “felt ambivalence”) or indirectly (referred to as “potential ambivalence”). Because of its duality, ambivalence has been studied in comparison with univalent attitudes—which consist of either positive or negative evaluations of an object—to uncover their specific features, antecedents, and consequences. Relevant research has focused on identifying the prevalence of ambivalent attitudes, and on whether they could stem from particular personality traits or situations. Researchers have found that ambivalent attitudes seem to be widespread and can be held for a long period of time. Their relationship with behaviors has also been widely studied. At the individual level, ambivalence increases response latency when a choice has to be made, extends information processing, can affect attitude stability, and can even lead to discomfort. At the behavioral level, studies have highlighted the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence on the relationship between attitudes and behavior. A different field of research focuses on its strength to question whether ambivalence leads to more resistance or susceptibility to persuasion and influence. It appears that ambivalent attitudes are pliable and, depending on the context, can either help individuals to be more adaptive or prevent them from arriving at a satisfying conclusion. The role of ambivalent attitudes in interpersonal relationships and self-presentation also highlight some benefits in holding an ambivalent attitude. This article opens by reviewing general overviews to provide a detailed picture of the current state of research. It then presents early approaches to attitudinal ambivalence, and reviews studies that highlight the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence on the relationship between attitudes and behavior, as well as studies that question whether ambivalence might lead to more resistance or susceptibility to persuasion and influence. The article then focuses on the impact of ambivalence at the individual level. Antecedents of attitudinal ambivalence will be reviewed, as well as its consequences on the individual. The article concludes by presenting research questioning its functions as well as some applied work.

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PENGARUH KEJELASAN LABELISASI HALAL DAN PERILAKU-BERAGAMA TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN: ANALISIS DUA MODEL ALTERNATIF

ISLAMICONOMIC Jurnal Ekonomi Islam ◽

10.32678/ijei.v10i2.143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Wahyu Dwi Apriyanto ◽

Ignatius Heruwasto

Keyword(s):

Religious Behavior ◽

Religious Observance ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Alternative Models ◽

Religious Attitudes ◽

Independent Variable ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The Influence of Halal Labelization and Religious Behavior of Consumer Buying Interest: Analysis of Two Alternative Models. This research was conducted to determine the effect of clarity on halal labels, and religious attitudes and behavior on consumer buying interest. The attitude and behavior of Muslims in buying a product is influenced by the presence or absence of halal labels and religious attitudes and behavior. But at this time no one has examined the impact of the clarity / clarity of the halal label on a product in influencing the desires of Muslim consumers. In this study two models were developed, in which the first model wanted to see the impact of the clarity of halal labeling together with religious behavior as a purely independent variable effect on buying interest. Whereas alternative models or moderation models, want to see the possibility of halal label clarity as a moderating relationship between religious behavior and buying interest. This study shows that the clarity of the halal label is not a moderating variable on the relationship between religious behavior and buying interest, but it is a purely independent variable that together religious behavior encourages buying interest. The results showed that the clarity of the halal label is a major factor that can encourage buying interest in Muslim consumers. Then furthermore, the level of observance of Muslims in implementing religion/ religious observance also encourages interest in buying halal products. Abstrak: Pengaruh Kejelasan Labelisasi Halal dan Perilaku Beragama Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen: Analisis Dua Model Alternatif. Penelitian ini melihat pengaruh kejelasan label halal, dan sikap serta perilaku beragama terhadap minat beli konsumen. Sikap dan perilaku umat muslim dalam membeli suatu produk dipengaruhi oleh ada tidaknya label halal serta sikap dan perilaku beragama. Tetapi saat ini belum ada yang meneliti dampak jelasannya / kejelasan label halal dalam suatu produk dalam mempengaruhi keinginan konsumen muslim. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan dua model, dimana model pertama ingin melihat dampak kejelasan labelisasi halal bersama-sama dengan perilaku beragama sebagai variabel independen murni pengaruhnya terhadap minat beli. Sedangkan model alternatif atau model moderasi, ingin melihat kemungkinan kejelasan label-halal sebagai moderasi hubungan antara perilaku beragama terhadap minat beli. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan label halal bukan merupakan variabel moderasi terhadap hubungan antara perilaku beragama dengan minat beli, tetapi merupakan variable independen murni yang bersama-sama perilaku beragama mendorong minat beli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan label halal merupakan faktor utama yang dapat mendorong minat beli konsumen muslim. Kemudian selanjutnya, tingkat ketaatan muslim dalam melaksanakan agama/ taat dalam beragama juga mendorong minat beli produk halal.

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The Impact of Victimization on Fear

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128787033001008 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 135-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Wesley G. Skogan

Keyword(s):

Fear Of Crime ◽

Past Research ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Criminal Victimization ◽

Consistent Manner ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This report examines the relationship between criminal victimization and fear of crime. Past research has been surprisingly inconclusive about this issue, and some people's fears have been branded “irrational” because the two did not appear to be tightly linked. However, the data analyzed here indicate that victimization affects both fear-related attitudes and behavior in a clear and consistent manner. This report also suggests that the impact of victimization is relatively uniform. Some research has indicated that certain groups are especially affected by crime, a claim that might be used to justify special treatment for selected victims and has been used to support demands for special “treatment” of selected offenders. However, the strong effects of victimization registered in these data were not differentially distributed across subgroups. In sum, most people do learn from their experiences, although other kinds of learning are rational as well.

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