scholarly journals Investing in brain-based memory leads to decreased use of technology-based memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Weis ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Correct Solution ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
External Information ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Internal Information

Humans frequently use external (environment-based) strategies to supplement their internal (brain-based) thought. In the memory domain, whether to solve a problem using external or internal retrieval depends on the accessibility of external information, judgment of mnemonic ability, and on the problem’s visual features. It likely also depends on the accessibility of internal information. Here, we asked whether internal accessibility contributes to strategy choice even when visual features bear no information on internal accessibility. Specifically, 114 participants were to validate alphanumerical equations (e.g., A + 2 = C) whose visual appearance (addends 2, 3, or 4) signified different difficulty levels. First, some equations were presented more frequently than others, allowing participants to establish efficient internal access to the correct solution via memory retrieval rather than counting up the alphabet. Second, participants viewed the equations again but could access the correct solution externally using a computer mouse. We hypothesized that external strategy use should selectively decrease for frequently learned equations and irrespectively of the task’s visual features. Results mostly confirm our hypothesis. Exploratory analyses further suggest that participants partially used a sequential “try-internal-retrieval-first” mechanism to establish the adaptive behavior. Implications for intervention methods aimed at improving interactive cognition are discussed.

scholarly journals Modeling Changes in the Enterprise Information Capital in the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Rodionov ◽  
Andrey Zaytsev ◽  
Evgeniy Konnikov ◽  
Nikolay Dmitriev ◽  
Yulia Dubolazova
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
External Information ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Attractor Model ◽  
The Stability

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to the self-isolation of people and the transformation of many economic and social processes into an electronic version thus contributing to the digitalization of all spheres. Being part of this environment, enterprises generate information resources to develop their desired image, which may vary according to the factors characterizing the information environment. Information capital is a comprehensive characteristic of an enterprise and determines its effectiveness and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to develop a toolkit that allows one to assess the information capital of an enterprise, reflecting its perception within the digital information environment. It is necessary to develop the methodology for the formation of such tools. As a result, a fuzzy-plural approach has been developed to evaluate the index of external information capital. This model allows us to assess the external information capital and to simulate its changes caused by various kinds of information events. The study of key elements, for example, the stability and tonality indices, index of target perception made it possible to systematize chaotic changes in the external environment and describe them using the Chen–Lee attractor model. The results of this study can be useful for researchers in the field of digital information analysis, in particular for the comparative analysis of enterprises and the assessment of their information capital.

The role of travel experience and gender on travel information source selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Yasin ◽  
Fakhri Baghirov ◽  
Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
External Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel Information ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
And Gender

Purpose This paper aims to identify the most popular travel information sources used among tourists and investigates how travel information selection differs across travel experience and gender. Design/methodology/approach This study used convenient and quota sampling strategy, questionnaires were distributed to 270 respondents at Sultanahmet and Grand Bazaar areas. A screening question was used to classify respondents. Findings First, past travel experience, travel agent, travel websites and hotel websites are generally the most frequently used travel information sources in destination selection due to conveniences and reliability. Second, first-timers prefer to use external information sources such as Facebook, guidebooks, travel agents and newspapers to gather information about destinations, whereas repeat visitors prefer to use internal information sources such as friends’ suggestions and past travel experience. Lastly, female visitors rely more on internal information sources such as friends’ suggestions and past travel experience. However, males prefer to use external information sources like Facebook, television, blog, travel agents, newspaper and guidebooks in choosing Turkey as a destination. Research limitations/implications Because factors studied, travel information sources selected, number of respondents and questionnaire distribution area are limited, future studies can expand to a bigger area so more respondents could get more reliable results. Practical implications This paper could help tourism industries understand searching behaviours among different types of tourists better to promote businesses in convenient sources and reach target customers easily. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study how travel information searching behaviours differ among tourists.

Perspectives on the Field of Cognitive Informatics and its Future Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Bernard Carlos Widrow ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Kenji Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Future Development ◽  
External Information ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information

The contemporary wonder of sciences and engineering has recently refocused on the beginning point of: how the brain processes internal and external information autonomously and cognitively rather than imperatively like conventional computers. Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. This paper reports a set of eight position statements presented in the plenary panel of IEEE ICCI’10 on Cognitive Informatics and Its Future Development contributed from invited panelists who are part of the world’s renowned researchers and scholars in the field of cognitive informatics and cognitive computing.

scholarly journals Healthcare Services Managers: What Information do They Need and Use?

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie MacDonald ◽  
Peter Bath ◽  
Andrew Booth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
External Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Insight Into

Objectives: To gain insight into the information behaviour of healthcare services managers as they draw on information while engaged in decision making unrelated to individual patient care. Objectives – The purpose of this research project was to gain insight into the information behaviour of healthcare services managers as they use information while engaged in decision-making unrelated to individual patient care. Methods – This small-scale, exploratory, multiple case study used the critical incident technique in nineteen semi-structured interviews. Responses were analyzed using ‘Framework,’ a matrix-based content analysis system. Results – This paper presents findings related to the internal information that healthcare services managers need and use. Their decisions are influenced by a wide variety of factors. They must often make decisions without all of the information they would prefer to have. Internal information and practical experience set the context for new research-based information, so they are generally considered first. Conclusions – Healthcare services managers support decisions with both facts and value-based information. These results may inform both delivery of health library services delivery and strategic health information management planning. They may also support librarians who extend their skills beyond managing library collections and teaching published information retrieval skills, to managing internal and external information, teaching information literacy, and supporting information sharing.

scholarly journals Allocation of Decision Rights Between the Parent Company and Its Subsidiaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Ting Luo ◽  
Heng Yue
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Economic Consequence ◽  
Decision Rights ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Allocation Of Decision Rights

This article examines the determinants of allocation of decision rights between the parent company and its subsidiaries, and the economic consequence of suboptimal power structure. Based on China’s unique double disclosure for the parent company and the whole group, we construct a decentralization index to measure how decision rights are allocated within the group companies. We find a more decentralized (centralized) power structure for the groups with more uncertain (certain) external environment and with poorer (better) internal information quality. We also show that the groups with suboptimal power structure have weaker future performance.

scholarly journals Criticality Creates a Functional Platform for Network Transitions between Internal and External Processing Modes in the Human Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyung Kim ◽  
Hyoungkyu Kim ◽  
Zirui Huang ◽  
George A. Mashour ◽  
Denis Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Network ◽  
External Information ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Temporal Windows

AbstractContinuous switching between internal and external modes in the brain is a key process of constructing inner models of the outside world. However, how the brain continuously switches between two modes remains elusive. Here, we propose that a large synchronization fluctuation of the brain network emerging only near criticality (i.e., a balanced state between order and disorder) spontaneously creates temporal windows with distinct preferences for integrating internal information of the network and external stimuli. Using a computational model and empirical data analysis during alterations of consciousness in human, we present that synchronized and incoherent networks respectively bias toward internal and external information with specific network configurations. The network preferences are the most prominent in conscious states; however, they disrupt in altered states of consciousness. We suggest that criticality produces a functional platform of the brain’s capability for continuous switching between two modes, which is crucial for the emergence of consciousness.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI DI PT TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA, Tbk WITEL SEMARANG MENGGUNAKAN WARD AND PEPPARD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Adi Wiyono ◽  
Agustinus Fritz Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Information Technology Services ◽  
Technology Services

PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) engaged in the field of communication information technology services and telecommunications networks in Indonesia. In running its business, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia has used technology to run its business. PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia has several divisions that are ready to work in accordance with existing procedures. It is expected that the existence of Human Resources (HR) that is owned now can provide added value to the company PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Witel Semarang. The current Human Resources, in the use of technology at PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Witel Semarang is still not optimal. Given this problem, this research was made using the Ward and Peppard method, with several analytical techniques using PEST and Value Chain techniques to analyze the internal and external environment of the business, SWOT to analyze the internal and external environments of SI and IT, and McFarlan Strategic Grid for mapping application portfolio. This research is expected to improve performance or service for customers in accordance with the company's business goals.

Visual Recognition Based on Temporal Cortex Cells: Viewer-Centred Processing of Pattern Configuration

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 518-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Perrett ◽  
Mike W. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Vantage Points

Abstract A model of recognition is described based on cell properties in the ventral cortical stream of visual processing in the primate brain. At a critical intermediate stage in this system, ‘Elaborate’ feature sensitive cells respond selectively to visual features in a way that depends on size (± 1 octave), orientation (± 4 5 °) but does not depend on position within central vision (± 5 °). These features are simple conjunctions of 2-D elements (e.g. a horizontal dark area above a dark smoothly convex area). They can arise either as elements of an object’s surface pattern or as a 3-D component bounded by an object’s external contour. By requiring a combination of several such features without regard to their position within the central region of the visual image, ‘Pattern’ sensitive cells at higher levels can exhibit selectivity for complex configurations that typify objects seen under particular viewing conditions. Given that input features to such Pattern sensitive cells are specified in approximate size and orientation, initial cellular ‘representations’ of the visual appearance of object type (or object example) are also selective for orientation and size. At this level, sensitivity to object view (± 6 0 °) arises because visual features disappear as objects are rotated in perspective. Processing is thus viewer-centred and the neurones only respond to objects seen from particular viewing conditions or ‘object instances’. Combined sensitivity to multiple features (conjunctions of elements) independent of their position, establishes selectivity for the configurations of ob­ject parts (from one view) because rearranged configurations of the same parts yield images lacking some of the 2-D visual features present in the normal configuration. Different neural populations appear to be selectively tuned to particular components of the same biological object (e.g. face, eyes, hands, legs), perhaps because the independent articulation of these components gives rise to correlated activity in different sets of input visual features. Generalisation over viewing conditions for a given object can be established by hierarchically pooling outputs of view-condition specific cells with pooling operations dependent on the continuity in experience across viewing conditions. Different object parts are seen together and different views are seen in succession when the observer walks around the object. The view specific coding that characterises the selectivity of cells in the temporal lobe can be seen as a natural consequence of selective experience of objects from particular vantage points. View specific coding for the face and body also has great utility in understand­ing complex social signals, a property that may not be feasible with object-centred processing.

scholarly journals Stock price synchronicity, sustainability reports, and earnings quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Utari Dian Pratiwi ◽  
Erwin Saraswati ◽  
Arum Prastiw
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
External Information ◽  
Stock Price Synchronicity ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Sustainability Reports

Stock Price Synchronicity is a calculation used to show the proportion of the company's internal and external information accumulated into the stock price. This study aims to examine internal information in the form of sustainability reports and earnings quality on stock price synchronicity. Furthermore, this study also aims to examine the moderating effect of institutional investors as an indicator of sophisticated investors. The population in this study is a go-public manufacturing company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The sample was determined by the purposive sampling method. This research uses multiple regression analysis methods with a panel data form. The results showed that companies with a higher quality of sustainability reports had lower stock price synchronicity and institutional investors did not have a moderating effect in this relationship. The results also show that companies that have higher earnings quality have high stock price synchronicity as well. This relationship changes when the institutional investor moderation variable is added. Companies with higher earnings quality have lower stock price synchronicity values.

scholarly journals Temporal uncertainty affects the visual processing of predicted stimulus properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Nara ◽  
Mikel Lizarazu ◽  
Craig G Richter ◽  
Diana C Dima ◽  
Mathieu Bourguignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
External Information ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Temporal Uncertainty ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPredictive processing has been proposed as a fundamental cognitive mechanism to account for how the brain interacts with the external environment via its sensory modalities. The brain processes external information about the content (i.e. “what”) and timing (i.e., “when”) of environmental stimuli to update an internal generative model of the world around it. However, the interaction between “what” and “when” has received very little attention when focusing on vision. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study we investigate how processing of feature specific information (i.e. “what”) is affected by temporal predictability (i.e. “when”). In line with previous findings, we observed a suppression of evoked neural responses in the visual cortex for predictable stimuli. Interestingly, we observed that temporal uncertainty enhances this expectation suppression effect. This suggests that in temporally uncertain scenarios the neurocognitive system relies more on internal representations and invests less resources integrating bottom-up information. Indeed, temporal decoding analysis indicated that visual features are encoded for a shorter time period by the neural system when temporal uncertainty is higher. This supports the fact that visual information is maintained active for less time for a stimulus whose time onset is unpredictable compared to when it is predictable. These findings highlight the higher reliance of the visual system on the internal expectations when the temporal dynamics of the external environment are less predictable.

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