Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Rethinking: The Mindsponge Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Complex Suicide ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior

Within the literature related to suicidal ideation, several theories have been proposed. However, given the complexity and dynamics in the formation of suicidal ideation and behavior, I propose a new approach - Mindsponge mechanism - that considers suicidal ideation and behaviors as a result of an individual’s information processing. The approach is expected to make sense of previous literature’s inconsistencies and help comprehend complex suicide-related phenomena, such as suicide contagion, etc.

Associations between Perceived Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle T. Pearlman ◽  
Mikela Murphy ◽  
Nia Johnson ◽  
David A Klein ◽  
Joshua Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: Among adults, discrimination is associated with adverse mental health sequelae, including suicidal ideation and behaviors. However, these associations have not been assessed among youth, who may be vulnerable to experiences of discrimination based upon multiple attributes. Method: The current study, therefore, assessed perceived discrimination based on: 1) race/ethnicity/color; 2) nationality; 3) weight; and 4) sexual orientation among a sample of 10-11 year old youths and associations with both suicidal ideation and behaviors, as assessed by a computerized semi-structured interview. Results: Participants were 11,015 youths (Mage: 10.92 ± .64y, 47.8% female, 53.4% White, 14.1% Black, 9.1% multi-racial, 2.1% Asian, and 19.8% Hispanic) participating in the one-year in-person visit of the ABCD Study. Experiences of discrimination were reported by 1.6 ‒ 6.0% of the sample. Suicidal ideation and behavior were reported by 8.1% and 1.5% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for covariates, including the presence of any lifetime depressive disorder, all forms of discrimination were associated with suicidal ideation (ORs: 2.1 ‒ 5.0; ps < .001), and discrimination based on weight (OR: 4.0), race/ethnicity/color (OR: 2.8), and sexual orientation (OR: 7.1) were associated with suicidal behavior (ps < .001). The odds of both suicidal ideation and behavior increased with each additional type of discrimination reported. Conclusions: Findings indicate that beginning in childhood, experiences of reported discrimination may be linked to suicidality. Further, multiple forms of discrimination may have a cumulative impact on youths with intersecting marginalized identities. Reported discrimination and victimization should be routinely assessed among youth in clinical settings.

Bullying and Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Holt ◽  
Alana M. Vivolo-Kantor ◽  
Joshua R. Polanin ◽  
Kristin M. Holland ◽  
Sarah DeGue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Behavior

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over the last decade there has been increased attention to the association between bullying involvement (as a victim, perpetrator, or bully-victim) and suicidal ideation/behaviors. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the association between bullying involvement and suicidal ideation and behaviors. METHODS We searched multiple online databases and reviewed reference sections of articles derived from searches to identify cross-sectional studies published through July 2013. Using search terms associated with bullying, suicide, and youth, 47 studies (38.3% from the United States, 61.7% in non-US samples) met inclusion criteria. Seven observers independently coded studies and met in pairs to reach consensus. RESULTS Six different meta-analyses were conducted by using 3 predictors (bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and bully/victim status) and 2 outcomes (suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors). A total of 280 effect sizes were extracted and multilevel, random effects meta-analyses were performed. Results indicated that each of the predictors were associated with risk for suicidal ideation and behavior (range, 2.12 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67–2.69] to 4.02 [95% CI, 2.39–6.76]). Significant heterogeneity remained across each analysis. The bullying perpetration and suicidal behavior effect sizes were moderated by the study’s country of origin; the bully/victim status and suicidal ideation results were moderated by bullying assessment method. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrated that involvement in bullying in any capacity is associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Future research should address mental health implications of bullying involvement to prevent suicidal ideation/behavior.

scholarly journals Contemplative Cognition: A More Integrative Framework for Advancing Mindfulness and Meditation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Grossenbacher ◽  
Jordan T Quaglia
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Contemplative Practices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Regulation Of Cognition ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Transient Information

Mindfulness, whether distinguished as a state, trait, or training, is central to a growing wave of interest in meditation. Theoretical development has been called for in order to clarify confusion about mindfulness from a scientific perspective. Ideally, such development will allow ingress for more traditional perspectives, and guide inclusive research on the wider range of meditation practices. To address this call, we outline a new approach for understanding mindfulness and related meditative experience that accommodates diverse perspectives. In accord with other integrative approaches, we employ foundational psychological constructs (namely, attention, intention, and awareness) to understand mindfulness. In contrast to other theoretical perspectives, however, we utilize this foundation to derive novel psychological constructs needed to better explain mindfulness and important features of meditative experience more widely. The contemplative cognition framework integrates three attention-related processes entailed by a variety of contemplative practices: Intended Attention, Attention to Intention, and Awareness of Transient Information. After delineating this set of three processes, we explain how they can cooperate to promote a contemplative range of metacognition about attention, intention, and awareness, as well as enhanced regulation of cognition, emotion, and behavior. The contemplative cognition framework: (a) overcomes discrepancies in mindfulness research; (b) accounts for contextual and motivational aspects of training; (c) supports investigation from phenomenological, information processing, neurophysiological, and clinical perspectives; and (d) enables investigations on various contemplative states, traits, and practices to inform one another. This new approach has potential for advancing a more inclusive, productive, and theory-driven science of mindfulness and meditation.

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

The Feeding Network of Aplysia

2017 ◽  
pp. 400-422
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Cropper ◽  
Jian Jing ◽  
Klaudiusz R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Afferent Activation ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Activation Phase

This review focuses on the neural control of feeding in Aplysia. Its purpose is to highlight distinctive features of the behavior and to describe their neural basis. In a number of molluscs, food is grasped by a radula that protracts, retracts, and hyperretracts. In Aplysia, however, hyperretraction can require afferent activation. Phase-dependent regulation of sensorimotor transmission occurs in this context. Aplysia also open and close the radula, generating egestive as well as ingestive responses. Thus, the feeding network multitasks. It has a modular organization, and behaviors are constructed by combinations of behavior-specific and behavior-independent neurons. When feeding is initially triggered in Aplysia, responses are poorly defined. Motor activity is not properly configured unless responses are repeatedly induced and modulatory neurotransmitters are released from inputs to the central patter generator (CPG). Persistent effects of modulation have interesting consequences for task switching.

African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior: The role of racism and prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. LaVome Robinson ◽  
Christopher R. Whipple ◽  
Leonard A. Jason ◽  
Caleb E. Flack
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
African American Adolescent ◽  
And Behavior

Unsound sleep, wound-up mind: a longitudinal examination of acute suicidal affective disturbance features among an eating disorder sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram ◽  
William Grunewald ◽  
Lindsay P. Bodell ◽  
April R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Assessment ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract Background Suicide is one of the most commonly reported causes of death in individuals with eating disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the suicide and disordered eating link are largely unknown, and current assessments are still unable to accurately predict future suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to test the utility of two promising proximal risk factors, sleep quality and agitation, in predicting suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with elevated suicidal thoughts and behaviors, namely those with eating disorders. Methods Women (N = 97) receiving treatment at an eating disorder treatment center completed weekly questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation, agitation, and sleep. General linear mixed models examined whether agitation and/or sleep quality were concurrently or prospectively associated with suicidal ideation across 12 weeks of treatment. Results There was a significant interaction between within-person agitation and sleep quality on suicidal ideation [B(s.e.) = −0.02(0.01), p < 0.05], such that on weeks when an individual experienced both higher than their average agitation and lower than their average sleep quality, they also experienced their highest levels of suicidal ideation. However, neither agitation nor sleep quality prospectively predicted suicidal ideation. Conclusions This study was the first to examine dynamic associations between interpersonal constructs and suicidal ideation in individuals with eating disorders. Results suggest that ongoing assessment for overarousal symptoms, such as agitation and poor sleep quality, in individuals with eating disorders may be warranted in order to manage suicidal ideation among this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals A systematic review and evaluation of measures for suicidal ideation and behaviors in population-based research.

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Maria Ftanou ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Jacqueline L. Brewer ◽  
Andrew J. Mackinnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
And Behaviors
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