scholarly journals Contemplative Cognition: A More Integrative Framework for Advancing Mindfulness and Meditation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Grossenbacher ◽  
Jordan T Quaglia
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Contemplative Practices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Regulation Of Cognition ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Transient Information

Mindfulness, whether distinguished as a state, trait, or training, is central to a growing wave of interest in meditation. Theoretical development has been called for in order to clarify confusion about mindfulness from a scientific perspective. Ideally, such development will allow ingress for more traditional perspectives, and guide inclusive research on the wider range of meditation practices. To address this call, we outline a new approach for understanding mindfulness and related meditative experience that accommodates diverse perspectives. In accord with other integrative approaches, we employ foundational psychological constructs (namely, attention, intention, and awareness) to understand mindfulness. In contrast to other theoretical perspectives, however, we utilize this foundation to derive novel psychological constructs needed to better explain mindfulness and important features of meditative experience more widely. The contemplative cognition framework integrates three attention-related processes entailed by a variety of contemplative practices: Intended Attention, Attention to Intention, and Awareness of Transient Information. After delineating this set of three processes, we explain how they can cooperate to promote a contemplative range of metacognition about attention, intention, and awareness, as well as enhanced regulation of cognition, emotion, and behavior. The contemplative cognition framework: (a) overcomes discrepancies in mindfulness research; (b) accounts for contextual and motivational aspects of training; (c) supports investigation from phenomenological, information processing, neurophysiological, and clinical perspectives; and (d) enables investigations on various contemplative states, traits, and practices to inform one another. This new approach has potential for advancing a more inclusive, productive, and theory-driven science of mindfulness and meditation.

Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Rethinking: The Mindsponge Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Complex Suicide ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior

Within the literature related to suicidal ideation, several theories have been proposed. However, given the complexity and dynamics in the formation of suicidal ideation and behavior, I propose a new approach - Mindsponge mechanism - that considers suicidal ideation and behaviors as a result of an individual’s information processing. The approach is expected to make sense of previous literature’s inconsistencies and help comprehend complex suicide-related phenomena, such as suicide contagion, etc.

Effects of State Dissociation on Objectively and Subjectively assessed Memory Disturbances

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Buck ◽  
Merel Kindt ◽  
Marcel van den Hout
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Spider Phobia ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Perceptual Memory ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
State Dissociation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Dissociation often occurs after a traumatic experience and has detrimental effects on memory. If these supposed detrimental effects are the result of disturbances in information processing, not only subjectively assessed but also objectively assessed memory disturbances should be observed. Most studies assessing dissociation and memory in the context of trauma have studied trauma victims. However, this study takes a new approach in that the impact of experimentally induced state dissociation on memory is investigated in people with spider phobia. Note that the aim of the present study was not to test the effect of trauma on memory disturbances. We found indeed significant relations between state dissociation and subjectively assessed memory disturbances: intrusions and self-rated memory fragmentation. Moreover, although no relation was found between state dissociation and experimenter-rated memory fragmentation, we observed a relation between state dissociation and experimenter-rated perceptual memory representations. These results show that state dissociation indeed has detrimental effects on the processing of aversive events.

scholarly journals Communication Empowerment Framework: An integrative framework to support effective communication and interaction between carers and people living with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Morris ◽  
Warren Mansell ◽  
Tracey Williamson ◽  
Alison Wray ◽  
Phil McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Perceptual Control Theory ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Communication Challenges

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the power of integrating three theoretical perspectives (Mentalization Theory, Perceptual Control Theory and the Communicative Impact model), which jointly illuminate the communication challenges and opportunities faced by family carers of people with dementia. To point the way to how this framework informs the design and delivery of carer communication and interaction training.MethodConceptual synthesis based on a narrative review of relevant literature, supported by examples of family carers.ResultsWe use the conceptual models to show how the capacity to mentalize (“holding mind in mind”) offers a greater sense of control over internal and external conflicts, with the result that they can be deescalated in pursuit of mutual goals.ConclusionsThe integrative conceptual framework presented here highlights specific psychological and relational mechanisms that can be targeted through carer training to enhance communication with a person living with dementia.

scholarly journals Prospect Theory Reflects Selective Allocation of Attention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Probability Information ◽  
As If

There is a disconnect in the literature between analyses of risky choice based on cumulativeprospect theory (CPT) and work on predecisional information processing. One likely reason is that for expectation models (e.g., CPT) it is often assumed that people only behaved as if they conducted the computations leading to the predicted choice, and that the models are thus mute with regard to information processing. We suggest that key psychological constructs in CPT, such as loss aversion and outcome and probability sensitivity, can be interpreted in terms of attention allocation. In two experiments, we tested hypotheses about specific links between CPT parameters and attentional regularities. Experiment 1 used process tracing to monitor participants’ predecisional attention allocation to outcome and probability information. As hypothesized, individual differences in CPT’s loss-aversion, outcome-sensitivity, and probability-sensitivity parameters (estimated from participants’ choices) were systematically associated with individual differences in attention allocation to outcome and probability information. For instance, loss aversion was associated with the relative attention allocated to loss and gain outcomes, and a more strongly curved weighting function was associated with less attention allocated to probabilities. Experiment 2 manipulated participants’ attention to losses or gains, causing systematic differences in CPT’s loss aversion parameter. This result indicates that attention allocation can to some extent cause choice regularities that are captured by CPT. Our findings demonstrate an “as-if” model’s capacity to reflect characteristics of information processing. We suggest that the observed CPT–attention links can be harnessed to inform the development of process models of risky choice.

Antecedents of relationship conflict in top management teams

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Camelo-Ordaz ◽  
Joaquin García-Cruz ◽  
Elena Sousa-Ginel
Keyword(s):  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Top Management ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Integration ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of two categories of conflict antecedents – input and behavior antecedents – on the level of relationship conflict (RC) in top management teams (TMTs). The authors apply a process view to conflict, and consider that the effect of the input antecedents on RC may be mediated by a behavioral antecedent: behavioral integration. Design/methodology/approach – Using a survey instrument, multi-informant data were collected from 64 TMTs. An aggregation and measurement analysis was performed. To test the hypotheses of mediation, bootstrapping procedures were used. Findings – The results show that the effects of team tenure, intragroup trust and value consensus on relationship conflict are mediated by behavioral integration. However, TMT size does not affect relationship conflict – either directly or indirectly – through behavioral integration. Research limitations/implications – It is concluded that encouraging intragroup trust and value consensus among TMT members facilitates the integrated behavior of the team. This behavioral integration may allow conflict to be constructive. Therefore, firms should make an effort to encourage this psychological context. Originality/value – Previous research about the antecedents of RC in the field of TMTs is inconclusive. Additionally, a new approach to conflict antecedents is considered, to establish a direct and independent relationship between different categories of antecedents and TMT conflict. A relationship of interdependence is considered between different types of antecedents and their effects on RC.

Frameworks and Models in Decision-Making and Judgment in Child Welfare and Protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Rami Benbenishty ◽  
John D. Fluke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Predictive Risk

This chapter presents the basic concepts, theoretical perspectives, and areas of scholarship that bear on decisions in child welfare—making choices in decision environments characterized by high levels of uncertainty. The authors distinguish between normative models that predict what decision-makers ought to choose when faced with alternatives and descriptive models that describe how they tend to make these choices in real life. The chapter reviews those challenges that may be especially relevant in the complex context of child welfare and protection. One way in which decision-makers overcome task complexities and limitations in human information processing (bounded rationality) is by using heuristics to navigate complex tasks. The chapter reviews strategies to correct some limitations in judgment. The authors examine the relationships between workers’ predictions of what would be the outcomes of the case and the actual outcomes and describe two types of error (false positive and false negative) and the related concepts of specificity and sensitivity. These issues are followed by a description of the Lens Model and some of its implications for child welfare decision-making, including predictive risk modeling and studies on information processing models. The final section presents current theoretical models in child welfare decision-making and describes Decision-Making Ecology (DME) and Judgments and Decision Processes in Context (JUDPiC). The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research on child welfare decision-making that could contribute to our conceptual understanding and have practical utility as well.

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