The socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Nigerian and other African Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009-2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Sakamoto ◽  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang ◽  
Courtney Nelson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
African American Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
American Women ◽  
Current Population

Using recent data from the Current Population Survey, we investigate education and wages among second-generation African Americans with a focus on Nigerian Americans. The results indicate that the educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian Americans exceeds other second-generation African Americans, third-and-higher generation African Americans, third-and-higher generation whites, and second-generation whites. The educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian American women furthermore exceeds second-generation Asian American women. After controlling for age, education and disability, the wages of second-generation Nigerian American women have reached parity with third-and-higher generation white women whereas third-and-higher generation African American women have about 11 percent lower wages. After controlling for age, education and disability in the case of men, the wages of second-generation Nigerian American men have reached parity with third-and-higher generation white men whereas third-and-higher generation African American men have about 21 percent lower wages while other second-generation African American men have about 12 percent lower wages than third-and-higher generation white men. Contrary to the usual pattern of socioeconomic disadvantage for African Americans, these results indicate that second-generation Nigerian Americans have exceeded whites in educational attainment and have reached parity with equally-educated whites in terms of wage determination among employed workers. Nonetheless, we view our results as being only suggestive and call for more research on the socioeconomic outcomes of second-generation African Americans who have been relatively neglected in immigration studies.

scholarly journals The socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Nigerian and other black Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Sakamoto ◽  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang ◽  
Courtney Nelson
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Current Population ◽  
American Black

Second-generation Black Americans have been inadequately studied in prior quantitative research. We seek to ameliorate this research gap by using the Current Population Survey to investigate education and wages among second-generation Black Americans with a focus on Nigerian Americans. The latter group has been identified in some qualitative studies as having particularly notable socioeconomic attainments. The results indicate that the educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian Americans exceeds other second-generation Black Americans, third-and-higher generation African Americans, third-and-higher generation whites, second-generation whites, and second-generation Asian Americans. Controlling for age, education, and disability, the wages of second-generation Nigerian Americans have reached parity with third-and-higher generation whites. The educational attainment of other second-generation Black Americans exceeds third-and-higher generation African Americans, but has reached parity with third-and-higher generation whites only among women. These results indicate significant socioeconomic variation within the African-American/Black category by gender, ethnicity, and generational status that merit further research.

scholarly journals The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation Nigerian and Other Black Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Sakamoto ◽  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang ◽  
Courtney Nelson
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Current Population ◽  
American Black

Second-generation black Americans have been inadequately studied in prior quantitative research. The authors seek to ameliorate this research gap by using the Current Population Survey to investigate education and wages among second-generation black Americans with a focus on Nigerian Americans. The latter group has been identified in some qualitative studies as having particularly notable socioeconomic attainments. The results indicate that the educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian Americans exceeds other second-generation black Americans, third- and higher generation African Americans, third- and higher generation whites, second-generation whites, and second-generation Asian Americans. Controlling for age, education, and disability, the wages of second-generation Nigerian Americans have reached parity with those of third- and higher generation whites. The educational attainment of other second-generation black Americans exceeds that of third- and higher generation African Americans but has reached parity with that of third- and higher generation whites only among women. These results indicate significant socioeconomic variation within the African American/black category by gender, ethnicity, and generational status that merits further research.

scholarly journals Racial-Ethnic and Gender Differences in Returns to Cohabitation and Marriage: Evidence from the Current Population Survey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Marriage Premium ◽  
Current Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Using data on cohabitation from the 1995-1997 March Current Population Survey, the first three years inwhich the survey included "unmarried partner" as a relationship category, I measure the relationship betweenearnings and cohabitation as well as other marital statuses across racial-ethnic groups for men and women.Results show that among 25-54 year-old workers, black women have the largest cohabitation "premium" --the earnings advantage over never-married workers -- more than three-times the premium for white women.Hispanic women have no cohabitation premium. White men have the largest marriage premium, and eachother group except white women also has a significant marriage premium. There is a significant cohabitationbenefit for white men, black men, and Hispanic men. Substantial differences in observed effects across groupssuggest the need for models that are more complicated than previously used. Research into marital statuseffects on earnings is misleading when restricted to white men.

scholarly journals Emerging Structure of Housing Stratification: Visualizing Homeownership by Generational Status, 1995 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312098032
Author(s):  
Brandon P. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Current Population

Homeownership is a central aspect of social stratification and is shaped by generational status. Using pooled data from the Current Population Survey, the author shows that generational homeownership inequality changed substantially between 1995 and 2019. Three trends emerge: growth between 1995 and 2005, decline from 2000 to 2015, and postrecession stagnation between 2015 and 2019. Findings show that between 1995 and 2019, homeownership remained stable among the third-plus generation, decreased among the second generation and persons with one native-born parent, and increased among immigrants. As a result of these changes, overall generational homeownership inequality has decreased since 1995. The author contextualizes these findings on the basis of recent research on wealth, discrimination, and immigration.

Residential Location and the Earnings of African American Women

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hoffnar ◽  
Michael Greene
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Central City ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
White Men ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
American Women

In comparing the earnings of African American women to three reference groups—white women, African American men, and white men—three principal findings emerge. First, African American women residing in the suburbs are worse off than any other suburban group. Second, central city African American women are worse off than any other group of central city residents. Third, while central city residence imposes a statistically significant earnings penalty on men of both races, no such penalty is found for African American or white women. Therefore, African American women will enjoy no earnings advantage if they move to the suburbs. This finding underscores the importance of including women in studies of residential location and the socioeconomic status of African Americans. A narrow focus on male data to inform policy is clearly insufficient.

scholarly journals Marriage in the U.S.: Twenty-five Years of Change, 1995-2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Premarital Cohabitation ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

The marriage rate in the U.S. has fallen over the last 25 years, while the rate of premarital cohabitation has increased (Cherlin 2020; FP-17-05). In 1995, the marriage rate was about 45 per 1,000 women, falling to about 31 per 1,000 women by 2020 (FP-20-21). Using data from the 1995 and 2020 Current Population Survey, this family profile investigates 25 years of change in marriage among women aged 18-49. Updating FP-15-17, the profile also examines variation in the share of women ever married by age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment.

Abstract P080: Self-reported Experiences of Everyday Discrimination are Associated With Shorter Leukocyte Telomeres in African-American Women With Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaah Sullivan ◽  
Viola Vaccarino ◽  
Muhammad Hammadah ◽  
Ibhar Al Mheid ◽  
Kobina Wilmot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
White Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
American Women ◽  
And Gender

Rationale: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an indicator of biological aging. Telomere shortening may be sensitive to social stressors such as discrimination, but this has not been previously examined in a biracial cohort of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Objective: To explore differences in LTL by race and gender and examine whether discrimination was associated with accelerated cellular aging (shorter telomere length). Methods: Data were from 367 White and African American patients in the Mental Stress Ischemia Mechanisms and Prognosis Study (MIPS) which enrolled patients with a diagnosis of stable CHD from Emory University-affiliated hospitals and clinics. LTL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and expressed as a ratio of the amount of telomeric DNA to the amount of single-copy control gene (T/S). The T/S ratios were then converted to kilobase pairs. Discrimination was measured using the 10-item Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), where participants reported their experiences of everyday mistreatment during the previous 12 months. Responses were rated using 4-point Likert scales ranging from never = 1 to often = 4 which were summed. Due to the potential batch effect in telomere length, we modeled telomere plate as a random effect. Multiple linear regression models were stratified by race/ethnicity and gender to estimate differences in mean LTL and associations with discrimination, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: African American women had longer mean LTL (5.58; SD: 0.05) compared to African American men (5.28; SD: 0.04), White women (5.22; SD: 0.05) and White men (5.24; SD: 0.03). Reports of discrimination were higher among African American men (16.1; SD: 6.5) compared to African American women (15.4; SD: 4.9), White women (14.9; SD: 4.4), and White men (13.5; SD: 3.8). The association between discrimination and accelerated cellular aging was statistically significant among African American women [β = -0.02; 95% CI: (-0.04, -0.001); p=0.0377] after models were adjusted for demographics, smoking history, BMI, and disease history. Discrimination was not significantly associated with accelerated cellular aging among African American men [β = -0.01; 95% CI: (-0.02, 0.01)], White men β = [-0.003; 95% CI: (-0.02, 0.01)], or White women [β = -0.01; 95% CI: (-0.03, 0.01)]. The association between discrimination and accelerated cellular aging remained statistically significant for African American women after further adjusting for depression and perceived stress. Conclusions: Although African American women with CHD have longer telomere length, they may experience greater telomere shortening in relation to discrimination. Accelerated telomere shortening secondary to discrimination stress may be a potential mechanism of health related disparities among African American women with CHD.

Second-Generation Decline or Advantage? Latino Assimilation in the Aftermath of the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van C. Tran ◽  
Nicol M. Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Geocoded Data

This article addresses the debate on second-generation advantage and decline among Latinos by providing a post-recession snapshot based on geocoded data from the Current Population Survey (2008–2012). It reports three findings. First, second-generation Mexicans and Puerto Ricans are at a disadvantage, whereas other Latinos have achieved

scholarly journals Impact of Ethnicity on Primary Treatment Choice and Mortality in Men With Prostate Cancer: Data From CaPSURE

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin A. Moses ◽  
Alan T. Paciorek ◽  
David F. Penson ◽  
Peter R. Carroll ◽  
Viraj A. Master
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
To Receive

Purpose Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have multiple options available for treatment. Previous reports have indicated a trend of differing modalities of treatment chosen by African American and white men. We investigated the role of ethnicity in primary treatment choice and how this affected overall and cancer-specific mortality. Methods By utilizing data abstracted from Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE), patients were compared by ethnicity, primary treatment, number of comorbidities, risk level according to modified D'Amico criteria, age, highest educational level attained, type of insurance, treatment facility, and perception of general health. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of the tested variables on primary treatment and mortality. Results African American men were more likely to receive nonsurgical therapy than white men with equivalent disease characteristics. Whites were 48% less likely than African Americans to receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared with surgery (P = .02) and were 25% less likely than African Americans to receive radiation therapy compared with surgery (P = .08). Whites with low-risk disease were 71% less likely to receive ADT than African American men with similar disease (P = .01). Adjusted overall and prostate cancer–specific mortality were not significantly different between whites and African Americans (hazard ratios, 0.73 and 0.37, respectively). Risk level, type of treatment, and type of insurance had the strongest effects on risk of mortality. Conclusion There is a statistically significant difference in primary treatment for prostate cancer between African American and white men with similar risk profiles. Additional research on the influence of patient/physician education and perception and the role that socioeconomic factors play in mortality from prostate cancer may be areas of focus for public health initiatives.

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