scholarly journals Are fluctuations in personality states more than fluctuations in affect?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Edmund Wilson ◽  
Renee J. Thompson ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
State Affect ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

People fluctuate in their behavior as they go about their daily lives, but little is known about the processes underlying these fluctuations. In two ecological momentary assessment studies (Ns = 124, 415), we examined the extent to which negative and positive affect accounted for the within-person variance in Big Five states. Participants were prompted six times a day over six days (Study 1) or four times a day over two weeks (Study 2) to report their recent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Multilevel modeling results indicated that negative and positive affect account for most, but not all, of the within-person variance in personality states. Importantly, situation variables predicted variance in some personality states even after accounting for fluctuations in affect, indicating that fluctuations in personality states may be more than fluctuations in state affect.

Momentary associations between affect and alcohol use in the daily lives of college students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Sayed ◽  
Amanda Lee McGowan ◽  
Mia Jovanova ◽  
Danielle Cosme ◽  
Yoona Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Objective: Alcohol is theorized to be motivated by desires to regulate negative affect and/or to enhance positive affect. We tested the association between momentary affect and alcohol use in the daily lives of college students, hypothesizing that alcohol use would be more likely to follow increases in positive affect and that alcohol use would not be strongly associated with negative affect. Method: Using two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies consisting of two prompts per day for 28 days, we used multilevel hurdle models to test for lagged associations between positive and negative affect and alcohol use. There were 108 participants (60.19%; mean age = 20.20, SD=1.69) in EMA study 1 and 268 participants (60.03%women, mean age = 20.22, SD=1.96) in EMA study 2. To provide context for the affect-alcohol associations, we collected data on whether participants drank alone or with others at each drinking occasion and the drinking motives of participants using the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Results: Alcohol use was more likely to occur following increases in positive affect. No significant associations emerged between fluctuations in negative affect and alcohol use. This pattern of findings was observed across both ecological momentary assessment studies. The majority of alcohol use occurred in social contexts. Conclusions: College students who report primarily social and enhancement motives for drinking and who seldom drink alone are more likely to drink following increases in positive affect.

Investigating Affective Responding to Daily Positive Events Among Adolescents Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110580
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Chun ◽  
Katherine S. Benjamin ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

The experience of positive events is associated with increased positive affect, which can beneficially impact the physical and mental health outcomes of adolescents. Despite an increase in important life events during adolescence, little research has examined the influence of positive events on affect in this population. This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment to investigate individual differences in the effects of daily positive events on momentary positive and negative affect and event-specific positive affect among 136 adolescents ( M age = 13.03 years). Results indicated that interpersonal and independent events elicited greater event-specific positive affect than non-interpersonal and dependent events. Dependent interpersonal events were associated with the greatest positive affect compared to other combinations of event types. Gender did not moderate these effects. These findings may address the gap in the literature regarding the types of daily positive events that elicit the most positive affect in adolescents, and in turn, may enhance well-being.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Analysis of Variance in Affect in Daily Life

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1683-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey B. Scott ◽  
Martin J. Sliwinski ◽  
Matthew Zawadzki ◽  
Robert S. Stawski ◽  
Jinhyuk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Widespread Interest

Despite widespread interest in variance in affect, basic questions remain pertaining to the relative proportions of between-person and within-person variance, the contribution of days and moments, and the reliability of these estimates. We addressed these questions by decomposing negative affect and positive affect variance across three levels (person, day, moment), and calculating reliability using a coordinated analysis of seven daily diary, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and diary-EMA hybrid studies (across studies age = 18-84 years, total Npersons = 2,103, total Nobservations = 45,065). Across studies, within-person variance was sizeable (negative affect: 45% to 66%, positive affect: 25% to 74%); in EMA more within-person variance was attributable to momentary rather than daily level. Reliability was adequate to high at all levels of analysis (within-person: .73-.91; between-person: .96-1.00) despite different items and designs. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of future intensive studies of affect variance.

scholarly journals Youth Psychopathology in Daily Life: Systematically Reviewed Characteristics and Potentials of Ecological Momentary Assessment Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein R. Thunnissen ◽  
Marije aan het Rot ◽  
Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker ◽  
Maaike H. Nauta
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Predict Treatment Response ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTraditionally, symptoms of youth psychopathology are assessed with questionnaires, clinical interviews, or laboratory observations. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) could be a particularly valuable additional methodology, since EMA enables examining the daily lives of youths near real-time, considering fluctuations and specific contexts of symptoms. This systematic review aimed to review the characteristics of current EMA applications and to provide a synthesis of their potential in studying youth psychopathology. Following a systematic search in PsycInfo and Medline, we identified 50 studies in clinical samples. Most studies used EMA to examine fluctuations in symptoms, affect, and behavior, and the relation with contextual factors. EMA was also used to investigate interactions between parents and their children over time, and to monitor and predict treatment response. EMA appeared feasible in youth and could provide valuable insights that contribute to understanding youth psychopathology. Benefits, gaps, and suggestions for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

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