scholarly journals An Autonomic Nervous System Context of Harsh Parenting and Youth Aggression Versus Delinquency (Accepted for publication in Biological Psychology)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landry Goodgame Huffman ◽  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Margaret Caughy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth Aggression

Harsh parenting is a significant predictor of youth aggression and delinquency. However, not every child exposed to adverse parenting develops such problem behaviors. Recent developmental evolutionary models suggest that variability in stress response reactivity to parenting, reflected by autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, may affect the impact of adverse parenting on youth behavioral adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS moderate the association between parenting and aggressive and delinquent behaviors. The study sample included low-income, ethnically diverse preadolescents (M = 10.28 years old; N = 101) and their caregivers. Direct effects were found from basal RSA to delinquent behaviors. In addition, harsh parenting predicted increased youths’ aggressive and delinquent behaviors in the context of high RSA withdrawal and increased youths’ delinquent behaviors in the context of shortened basal PEP. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.

Distribution, Stability, and Continuity of Autonomic Nervous System Responsivity at 18- and 36-Months of Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 109980042094395
Author(s):  
Michelle Stephens ◽  
Nicole Bush ◽  
Sandra Weiss ◽  
Abbey Alkon
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Low Income Children

Objective: Cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and preejection period (PEP), are valid and reliable indicators of children’s sensitivity to their environment; however, there are few studies of ANS measures in children less than three years of age. This study’s aim was to summarize the distributions, stability, and continuity of RSA and PEP measures during resting, challenge, and reactivity for children at 18- and 36-months. Methods: This was a cohort study of racially- and ethnically-diverse, low-income children who completed a developmentally challenging protocol while we simultaneously assessed their RSA and PEP at 18-months (N = 134) and 36-months (N = 102). Results: The ANS resting, challenge, and reactivity measures at 18- and 36-months of age were normally distributed. The RSA resting (r = 0.29), RSA challenge (r = 0.44), PEP resting (r = 0.55) and PEP challenge (r = 0.58) measures were moderately stable but RSA (r = 0.01) and PEP reactivity (r = 0.02) were not stable from 18- to 36-months of age. There was no continuity in the ANS measures from 18- to 36-months of age with statistically significant changes in sample means for all of the ANS measures. Discussion: These developmental changes in ANS are shown at the sample level but there are individual differences in ANS responses from 18- to 36-months that may be affected by adversity or protective factors experienced early in life.

Evaluation of the Impact of Short Duration Music Listening on Autonomic State (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Elvin ◽  
Paras Patel ◽  
Petia Sice ◽  
Chirine Riachy ◽  
Nigel Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
System Response ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change In Mean

BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV), or the variation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats, is a proven measure for assessing changes in autonomic activity. An increase in variability suggests an upregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Music was shown to have an effect on the limbic system, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. However, there have been relatively few empirical investigations on the effect of music on HRV compared to mean heart rate (HR). Also, the majority of studies have been experimental rather than interventional, reporting significant changes in HRV as a function of musical characteristics, such as tempo, genre, and valence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the impact of short duration music listening on the autonomic nervous system response of healthy adults. METHODS Six participants (three males and three females) were tested to investigate the effect of listening to music on HR and HRV. Electrocardiographic (ECG) data was recorded at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz using an eMotion Faros 360 device produced by Bittium Biosignals. The data was collected while the participants listened to four pre-selected songs in a random order separated by a relaxation period of 5 minutes. Data was then cleaned and processed through Kubious HRV 2.0 software. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test was carried out for the time and frequency domains. RESULTS For all but one song that is shorter than 3 minutes (song 1), we observed a statistically significant increase in Standard Deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR) (song 1: P=.125, r=.333; song 2: P=.023, r=.575; song 3: P=.014, r=.635; song 4: P=.014, r=.635) and in the Low Frequency (LF) component of the cardiac spectrogram (song 1: P=.300, r=.151; song 2: P=.038, r=.514; song 3: P=.014, r=.635; song 4: P=.014, r=.635) with a large effect size r, indicating increased HRV. No significant change in mean HR was observed (song 1: P=.173 r=-.272; song 2: P=.058, r=-.454; song 3: P=.125, r=-.333; song 4: P=.232. r=-.212). CONCLUSIONS Listening to pre-selected songs of longer duration than 3 minutes 30 seconds is associated with significant increases in HRV measures, especially SDRR and LF. Music thus has the potential to overcome autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and thereby benefit health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Biallelic MADD variants cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from developmental delay to a multisystem disorder

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 2437-2453
Author(s):  
Pauline E Schneeberger ◽  
Fanny Kortüm ◽  
Georg Christoph Korenke ◽  
Malik Alawi ◽  
René Santer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In pleiotropic diseases, multiple organ systems are affected causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Here, we report a pleiotropic disorder with a unique constellation of neurological, endocrine, exocrine, and haematological findings that is caused by biallelic MADD variants. MADD, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activating death domain protein, regulates various cellular functions, such as vesicle trafficking, activity of the Rab3 and Rab27 small GTPases, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced signalling and prevention of cell death. Through national collaboration and GeneMatcher, we collected 23 patients with 21 different pathogenic MADD variants identified by next-generation sequencing. We clinically evaluated the series of patients and categorized the phenotypes in two groups. Group 1 consists of 14 patients with severe developmental delay, endo- and exocrine dysfunction, impairment of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, and haematological anomalies. The clinical course during the first years of life can be potentially fatal. The nine patients in Group 2 have a predominant neurological phenotype comprising mild-to-severe developmental delay, hypotonia, speech impairment, and seizures. Analysis of mRNA revealed multiple aberrant MADD transcripts in two patient-derived fibroblast cell lines. Relative quantification of MADD mRNA and protein in fibroblasts of five affected individuals showed a drastic reduction or loss of MADD. We conducted functional tests to determine the impact of the variants on different pathways. Treatment of patient-derived fibroblasts with TNF-α resulted in reduced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, enhanced activation of the pro-apoptotic enzymes caspase-3 and -7 and increased apoptosis compared to control cells. We analysed internalization of epidermal growth factor in patient cells and identified a defect in endocytosis of epidermal growth factor. We conclude that MADD deficiency underlies multiple cellular defects that can be attributed to alterations of TNF-α-dependent signalling pathways and defects in vesicular trafficking. Our data highlight the multifaceted role of MADD as a signalling molecule in different organs and reveal its physiological role in regulating the function of the sensory and autonomic nervous system and endo- and exocrine glands.

scholarly journals Harsh parenting and youth systemic inflammation: Modulation by the autonomic nervous system.

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Erinn B. Duprey ◽  
Sihong Liu ◽  
Katherine B. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

scholarly journals EMERGENCY MEDICINE RESIDENTS LACK THE NECESSARY AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM BALANCE AND SHORT RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ARE INSUFFICIENT TO SOLVE THIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Martynas Gedminas ◽  
Lukas Neimanas ◽  
Dinas Vaitkaitis ◽  
Nedas Jasinskas ◽  
Viktoras Šaferis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Shift

Study objective. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective, easy-to-obtain parameter that can be used to monitor person’s balance of autonomous nervous system, which in turn decides one’s ability to cope with stress. HRV has been used extensively in professional athletes and the military with the purpose of performance optimisation and burnout prevention. The aim of our study was to investigate the balance of EM residents’ autonomic nervous system, as indicated by fluctuations in day-to-day HRV readings, and the feasibility of short relaxation techniques to increase their stress-resilience. Methods. We conducted a two-month long prospective cross-over double blinded randomized study. Computer randomization was used to divide the EM residents into intervention (A) and control (B) groups. Controls were instructed to listen to a 12 min. relaxation audio file every morning, while the intervention group was equipped with a 12 min. guided meditation that combined rhythmic breathing and attention focusing techniques. After one month, crossover of the interventions took place. Results. After pooling pre-shift and post-shift HRV data, we identified differences of statistical significance with post-shift HRV readings being higher (p=0.028, p<0,05). Individual HRV trend analysis showed significant fluctuations in day-to-day HRV readings. We could not identify the impact of short relaxation techniques on the EM residents HRV trends. Conclusion. Our findings suggest the lack of autonomic nervous system balance among EM residents, as indicated by big fluctuations in their day-to-day HRV trends. During the course of the study, the HRV reading fluctuations did not stabilise, indicating the limited use of our selected short relaxation techniques to increase residents’ stress resilience. We also identified paradoxical findings of higher post-shift HRV readings which could true be due to unique population in the setting of EM.

scholarly journals Effect of Forest Therapy for Menopausal Women with Insomnia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6548
Author(s):  
Hyeyun Kim ◽  
Jayoung Kim ◽  
Hyo Jin Ju ◽  
Bong Jin Jang ◽  
Tae Kyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Serologic Tests ◽  
The Impact

Female hormone changes during menopause can affect the autonomic nervous system, circadian rhythm, and secretion of cortisol/melatonin, resulting in a vulnerability to insomnia. In this light, therapy has been gaining attention as a way to reduce stress hormones by stabilizing the autonomic nervous system. Thus, this study aims to objectively and scientifically analyze the impact of forest therapy in postmenopausal insomnia patients. The forest therapy program lasted 6 days, wherein 35 postmenopausal women performed activities such as trekking, leg massages, stretches, and bathing in warm and cold water. They also underwent serologic tests, participated in polysomnography (PSG), and answered sleep questionnaires before and after the program. Further, a statistical analysis compared the results. Serologic tests showed a significant reduction of cortisol from 10.2 ± 3.79 to 7.75 ± 2.81, while PSGs showed how sleep efficiency increased to 89.3 ± 4.3% (p < 0.01), and how waking after sleep onset reduced to 47.4 ± 22.3 min (p < 0.01). The total sleep time also increased to 428.5 min and sleep latency was 11.1 ± 11.0 min. Despite its limitations, forest therapy could be a good alternative to nonpharmacological treatment for mitigating insomnia in postmenopausal women.

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