scholarly journals Association between aerobic fitness and the functional connectome in patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Roell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Partial Correlations

Schizophrenia is accompanied by widespread alterations in static functional connectivity associated with symptom severity and cognitive deficits. Improvements in aerobic fitness have been demonstrated to ameliorate symptomatology and cognition in people with schizophrenia, but the intermediary role of macroscale connectivity patterns remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to explore the relation between aerobic fitness and the functional connectome in individuals with schizophrenia. Further, we investigate clinical and cognitive relevance of the identified fitness-connectivity links. 58 patients with schizophrenia were included in the resting-state fMRI analysis. Multilevel Bayesian partial correlations between aerobic fitness and functional connections across the whole brain as well as between static functional connectivity patterns and clinical and cognitive outcome were performed. Preliminary causal inferences were enabled based on a mediation analysis. Static functional connectivity between the subcortical nuclei and the cerebellum as well as between temporal seeds mediated the attenuating impact of aerobic fitness on total symptom severity. Functional connections between cerebellar seeds affected the positive link between aerobic fitness and global cognition, while the functional interplay between central and limbic seeds drove the beneficial relation between aerobic fitness and emotion recognition. The current study provides first insights into the interactions between aerobic fitness, the functional connectome and clinical and cognitive outcome in people with schizophrenia, but results have to be interpreted carefully. Further interventional aerobic exercise studies are needed in order to replicate the current findings and to enable conclusive causal inferences.

scholarly journals Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with strabismic amblyopia: a resting-state fMRI study using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Gui-Ping Gao ◽  
Wen-Qing Shi ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Qi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated that strabismus amblyopia can result in markedly brain function alterations. However, the differences in spontaneous brain activities of strabismus amblyopia (SA) patients still remain unclear. Therefore, the current study intended to employthe voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method to investigate the intrinsic brain activity changes in SA patients. Purpose To investigate the changes in cerebral hemispheric functional connections in patients with SA and their relationship with clinical manifestations using the VMHC method. Material and methods In the present study, a total of 17 patients with SA (eight males and nine females) and 17 age- and weight-matched healthy control (HC) groups were enrolled. Based on the VMHC method, all subjects were examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The functional interaction between cerebral hemispheres was directly evaluated. The Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the clinical features of patients with SA. In addition, their mean VMHC signal values and the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to distinguish patients with SA and HC groups. Results Compared with HC group, patients with SA had higher VMHC values in bilateral cingulum ant, caudate, hippocampus, and cerebellum crus 1. Moreover, the VMHC values of some regions were positively correlated with some clinical manifestations. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves presented higher diagnostic value in these areas. Conclusion SA subjects showed abnormal brain interhemispheric functional connectivity in visual pathways, which might give some instructive information for understanding the neurological mechanisms of SA patients.

Changes in brain functional connectivity patterns are driven by an individual lesion in MS: a resting-state fMRI study

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amgad Droby ◽  
Kenneth S. L. Yuen ◽  
Muthuraman Muthuraman ◽  
Sarah-Christina Reitz ◽  
Vinzenz Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity of Hippocampal CA3 Predicts Neurocognitive Aging via CA1–Frontal Circuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 4297-4305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liang ◽  
Li-Ming Hsu ◽  
Hanbing Lu ◽  
Jessica A Ash ◽  
Peter R Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Abstract The CA3 and CA1 principal cell fields of the hippocampus are vulnerable to aging, and age-related dysfunction in CA3 may be an early seed event closely linked to individual differences in memory decline. However, whether the differential vulnerability of CA3 and CA1 is associated with broader disruption in network-level functional interactions in relation to age-related memory impairment, and more specifically, whether CA3 dysconnectivity contributes to the effects of aging via CA1 network connectivity, has been difficult to test. Here, using resting-state fMRI in a group of aged rats uncontaminated by neurodegenerative disease, aged rats displayed widespread reductions in functional connectivity of CA3 and CA1 fields. Age-related memory deficits were predicted by connectivity between left CA3 and hippocampal circuitry along with connectivity between left CA1 and infralimbic prefrontal cortex. Notably, the effects of CA3 connectivity on memory performance were mediated by CA1 connectivity with prefrontal cortex. We additionally found that spatial learning and memory were associated with functional connectivity changes lateralized to the left CA3 and CA1 divisions. These results provide novel evidence that network-level dysfunction involving interactions of CA3 with CA1 is an early marker of poor cognitive outcome in aging.

Distinct dynamic functional connectivity patterns of pain and touch thresholds: A resting-state fMRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
pp. 112142
Author(s):  
Yueming Yuan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Linling Li ◽  
Gan Huang ◽  
Ahmed Anter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

scholarly journals Functional connectome of brainstem nuclei involved in autonomic, limbic, pain and sensory processing in living humans from 7 Tesla resting state fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cauzzo ◽  
KAVITA SINGH ◽  
Matthew Matthew Stauder ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Garcia-Gomar ◽  
Nicola Vanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Isotropic Resolution ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Brainstem Nuclei

Despite remarkable advances in mapping the functional connectivity of the cortex, the functional connectivity of subcortical regions is understudied in living humans. This is the case for brainstem nuclei that control vital processes, such as autonomic, limbic, nociceptive and sensory functions. This is because of the lack of precise brainstem nuclei localization, of adequate sensitivity and resolution in the deepest brain regions, as well as of optimized processing for the brainstem. To close the gap between the cortex and the brainstem, on 20 healthy subjects, we computed a correlation based functional connectome of 15 brainstem nuclei involved in autonomic, limbic, nociceptive, and sensory function (superior and inferior colliculi, ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus complex, microcellular tegmental nucleus prabigeminal nucleus complex, lateral and medial parabrachial nuclei, vestibular and superior olivary complex, superior and inferior medullary reticular formation, viscerosensory motor nucleus, raphe magnus, pallidus, and obscurus, and parvicellular reticular nucleus alpha part) with the rest of the brain. Specifically, we exploited 1.1mm isotropic resolution 7 Tesla resting state fMRI, ad hoc coregistration and physiological noise correction strategies, and a recently developed probabilistic template of brainstem nuclei. Further, we used 2.5mm isotropic resolution resting state fMRI data acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner to assess the translatability of our results to conventional datasets. We report highly consistent correlation coefficients across subjects, confirming available literature on autonomic, limbic, nociceptive and sensory pathways, as well as high interconnectivity within the central autonomic network and the vestibular network. Interestingly, our results showed evidence of vestibulo autonomic interactions in line with previous work. Comparison of 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla findings showed high translatability of results to conventional settings for brainstem cortical connectivity and good yet weaker translatability for brainstem brainstem connectivity. The brainstem functional connectome might bring new insight in the understanding of autonomic, limbic, nociceptive and sensory function in health and disease.

scholarly journals Brain Activations and Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated with Insight-Based and Analytical Anagram Solving

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Dmitry O. Sinitsyn ◽  
Ilya S. Bakulin ◽  
Alexandra G. Poydasheva ◽  
Liudmila A. Legostaeva ◽  
Elena I. Kremneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Insight is one of the most mysterious problem-solving phenomena involving the sudden emergence of a solution, often preceded by long unproductive attempts to find it. This seemingly unexplainable generation of the answer, together with the role attributed to insight in the advancement of science, technology and culture, stimulate active research interest in discovering its neuronal underpinnings. The present study employs functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe and compare the brain activations occurring in the course of solving anagrams by insight or analytically, as judged by the subjects. A number of regions were activated in both strategies, including the left premotor cortex, left claustrum, and bilateral clusters in the precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. The activated areas span the majority of the clusters reported in a recent meta-analysis of insight-related fMRI studies. At the same time, the activation patterns were very similar between the insight and analytical solutions, with the only difference in the right sensorimotor region probably explainable by subject motion related to the study design. Additionally, we applied resting-state fMRI to study functional connectivity patterns correlated with the individual frequency of insight anagram solutions. Significant correlations were found for the seed-based connectivity of areas in the left premotor cortex, left claustrum, and left frontal eye field. The results stress the need for optimizing insight paradigms with respect to the accuracy and reliability of the subjective insight/analytical solution classification. Furthermore, the short-lived nature of the insight phenomenon makes it difficult to capture the associated neural events with the current experimental techniques and motivates complementing such studies by the investigation of the structural and functional brain features related to the individual differences in the frequency of insight-based decisions.

scholarly journals GP.02 Resting state functional connectivity: a biomarker for pre-operative cognitive function and cognitive outcome following surgery in patients with diffuse glioma

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S7-S7
Author(s):  
S Lang ◽  
I Gaxiola-Valdez ◽  
L Partlo ◽  
B Goodyear ◽  
J Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcome ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Post Surgery

Background: Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) has been associated with cognitive ability. For this reason, it was hypothesized that RSFC connectivity of the FPN would be related to cognition in patients with diffuse glioma. To assess this relationship, pre-operative cognitive status was correlated to patient specific connectivity within the FPN. Further, we assessed whether RSFC could predict neuropsychological outcome following surgery Methods: Sixteen patients with diffuse glioma underwent neuropsychological assessment and pre-operative task and resting state fMRI. Thirteen had post-operative cognitive assessment at one-month post-surgery. RSFC in a subject-specific FPN was correlated with pre- and post-operative cognitive scores. Results: Higher connectivity within the FPN was associated with lower composite cognitive scores, while higher connectivity of the parietal node of the tumor-affected hemisphere was associated with lower fluid cognition but not crystallized cognition. Higher connectivity values between the parietal node of the healthy hemisphere and the rest of the FPN was associated with better neuropsychological outcome one month after surgery. Conclusions: RSFC between key nodes of the FPN is associated with cognitive performance in patients with diffuse glioma and is a promising biomarker for cognitive outcome following surgery.

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