scholarly journals Effects on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Agricultural Soils Following the Application of Slurry Amended with Additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilisers

This poster elucidates the experiments related to the first objective of a PhD focussed on the use of amended organic fertilisers (manures/slurries) in agricultural soils. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most yield-limiting nutrients in many soils. Manures and slurries could represent valid alternatives to inorganic fertilisers to replenish nutrient offtake via harvested crops. Inoculation of slurry using additives, such as Slurrybugs™ and Slurrybooster™, can enhance the nutrient value of slurry, due to the action of microorganism and enzymes within the additives.

Effect of Pulsed Additions of Nutrients on Oil Biodegradation in Continuous-Flow Beach Microcosms

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Wrenn ◽  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Eugene S. Kohar ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Albert D. Venosa
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Rate Limiting

ABSTRACT Bioremediation of oil-contaminated shorelines can be effected by providing sufficient quantities of certain rate-limiting nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. Although stoichiometry, based on the determination of optimal C:N:P ratios from batch oil-biodegradation experiments, traditionally has been the primary method for estimating required nutrient dosages, recent research suggests that nutrient uptake and microbial growth kinetics may be more important in determining the success of oil spill bioremediation. Because nutrient washout can be relatively rapid in intertidal environments, nutrient application strategies must consider the relative rates of nutrient washout and uptake by microorganisms. Because there may be significant differences between ammonium and nitrate with respect to both of these processes, a laboratory investigation of the performance of these two nitrogen sources was conducted in continuous-flow beach microcosm reactors. The behavior of these nutrients was compared under abiotic conditions to determine whether ammonium could be retained in oil-contaminated beaches longer than nitrate by ion exchange. Their ability to support oil biodegradation under continuous and intermittent feeding conditions also was compared. No differences between ammonium and nitrate could be detected based on either criterion, but faster oil biodegradation was observed under pulse-feeding conditions than when the nutrients were supplied continuously. The relatively poor performance of the continuously fed systems was attributed to nutrient limitation because the nutrient input rate was less than the nutrient demand rate.

Biogeochemical Cycles of Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrea Fra-Vázquez ◽  
Daniel Valenzuela-Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Significant Attention

The study of biogeochemical cycles is important to understand the circulation of elements through aquatic, aerial and terrestrial ecosystems. Among others, N and P are considered as the limiting nutrients that determine the productivity of organisms. Since human activity is increasing its influence over these cycles at a global scale, it is important to analyze the implications of anthropogenic variations in order to detect the sources and try to prevent or reduce their impact. Moreover, not only the increasing or diminished concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in nature by human resource exploitations is needed to account today. As metals play a crucial role in the dynamics of these essential elements, their presence in the environment also requires a significant attention.

Nutrient limitations in the northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen T. Chapin ◽  
John Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Versus Content ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
Nutrient Limitations ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The idea that carnivorous plants capture insects to supply limiting nutrients is often conjectured but rarely tested with fertilization trials or the construction of nutrient budgets. Accordingly, Sarracenia purpurea plants were analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus after a 4-month fertilization of the pitchers with nitrogen, phosphorus, micronutrients, combinations thereof, and insect material. Neither the number of leaves produced in the same season nor average leaf mass differed significantly between treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in those leaves that received the respective treatments. Plots of concentration versus content indicated that plants were nitrogen and phosphorus limited. A nutrient budget for nitrogen was determined by soil mineralization, insect removal from the pitchers, and rainwater analysis. This budget showed that nitrogen in captured insects is one-tenth the annual plant requirement. However, soil N mineralization is sometimes more than adequate to supply demands were it to be exploited. Key words: carnivory, Sarracenia purpurea, nutrient limitation.

scholarly journals Effect of Gypsum on Rice Growth in Three Salt- affected Agricultural Soils in the Ho-Keta Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
L. Sackey ◽  
E. Osei ◽  
E. O. Bennoah ◽  
A. Tettey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Attributes

Aims: To assess the growth attribute of NERRICA- L19 rice in three salt-affected Agricultural soils amended with Gypsum from the Ho- Keta plain in the Volta region, Ghana. Study Design: Complete Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi between June 2016 and July 2019. Methodology: Approximately 2.6 kg of the soil samples were taken from three different sites, namely, Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife and were mixed thoroughly with different rates 0%, 75% and 100% of Gypsum, (CaSO4.2H2O) and filled into thirty six perforated polyvinyl plastic pots. The pots were saturated with water and incubated for 24 h. Twenty-one-day old seedlings of NERRICA- L 19 rice were transplanted into the pots, arranged in a randomized complete design and leached for four weeks. Core sample of the soils from each pot were taken and analyzed at the end of the experiment. Data on growth attributes (plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers) and leave tissue compositions (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and N) were measured. Results: The study revealed that Gypsum rates at (75 and 100%) increased the growth attributes and tissue concentrations of NERRICA- L 19 rice compared to the control. Growth parameters, such as plant height, number of leaves and tiller for Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife soils, increased as Gypsum levels increased with significant differences in the height of the plants and the number of plant leaves recorded (P = 0.05).  However there was no significant difference in tillers growth recorded for Atiehife soil, compared to Anyako and Anyenui soils (P = 0.05). The chemical constituents of the leave tissue, showed high composition of calcium and potassium than magnesium, while the composition of sodium decreased. The concentration of calcium, magnesium and potassium increased significantly at (P = 0.05) in Anyako and Atiehife soils with no-significant level in Anyenui soil. The trend was the same for the concentration of sodium. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus increased as the level of treatment increased. In respect to P accumulation, the differences were not significant in Atiehife soils, but was significant in Anyako and Anyenui soils. Conclusion: Gypsum application significantly enhanced nutrient uptake and increased the growth attributes of NERRICA - L19 rice compared to the control. Atiehife soil responded better to the reclamation process than the remaining soils, showing high growth performance. Gypsum applied at the rate of 16.92 kg/ha was recommended for adoption.

scholarly journals Using bio-manipulation to optimise soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability within intensive farm systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Farm Systems

In many farm systems, both inorganic and organic fertilisers, including manure and slurry, are applied to soil to replenish nutrient offtake in agricultural products and additional nutrient losses to surface water and groundwater. The use of manure/slurry as a nutrient resource offers important advantages over a sole reliance on inorganic fertilisers, including the reuse and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within farming systems and a reduction in the reliance of agricultural production on finite inorganic fertiliser reserves. There is increasing interest in the extent to which additives are able to enhance the nutrient value of slurry/manure. However, little is known about the effects of these modified slurries/manures on the quantity and composition of N and P within agricultural soils. We report data from batch soil experiments in which soils received a range of treatments, including the application of livestock slurry that had received a combined SlurryBugs™ and SlurryBooster™ additive. Past research has shown that SlurryBugs™ and SlurryBooster™ additives have a range of potentially beneficial effects on livestock slurry, including increased total N content of the slurry. Our experiments were designed to understand how slurry that has received additives ultimately affects nutrient availability in organic, clay-loam and sandy-loam grassland soils. We consider the effects of our treatments on a range of agronomically-important soil parameters, including Olsen-P, mineral-N, available-K, pH and organic matter content. Through our experiments, we aim to understand the extent to which soil fertility can be enhanced through the application of slurries/manures that have received additives.

Australian Soil Fertility Manual

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Australian Soil

The Australian Soil Fertility Manual is a trusted guide to the safe use and handling of fertilizers. It describes the types of agricultural soils, how they are classified and the interaction of soil, water and nutrients. It also provides an insight into how plants utilise nutrients and the role that individual nutrients play in the process of plant growth. This edition has been revised to reflect an increased emphasis on the environmental fate of nutrients and appropriate management strategies. It also has additional information on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and discussions on the use of lime, dolomite and gypsum. New content covers liming effectiveness, nitrogen water use efficiency, regulations for handling and using fertilizers, storage and transport of security sensitive ammonium nitrate, budgeting for profitable nitrogen use and best management practice for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The chapters on potassium; calcium, magnesium and sulfur; plant nutrients and the environment; and heavy metal in fertilizers and agriculture have all been extensively revised and rewritten. This important work will be an essential text for fertilizer dealers, extension workers, consultants, teachers, farmers, horticulturists, graziers and others concerned with the profitable and environmentally safe use of plant nutrients.

A Mathematical Model for the Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Algal Blooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950129
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Sudip Samanta ◽  
Jocirei D. Ferreira ◽  
Arvind Kumar Misra
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Limiting Nutrients

The increase of nutrients in lakes typically stimulates the growth of algae in this environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the connection between nutrient concentration and algal biomass to manage the water pollution caused by excessive plant nutrients. It is worth observing that phosphorus and nitrogen are often considered as the principal limiting nutrients for aquatic algal production due to their short supply compared to cellular growth requirements. In freshwaters, phosphorus is the least abundant among the nutrients needed in large quantity by photosynthetic organisms, hence this is the primary nutrient that limits their growth. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of algae in lakes. By using a sensitivity analysis technique, we found that the sources of phosphorus provide a greater risk for bloom of algae than that of nitrogen. Therefore, to reduce the occurrence of algal bloom more attention should be paid for the control of phosphorus input into the lake but the inflow of nitrogen cannot be ignored. The existence of a transcritical bifurcation is discussed and its direction is investigated by applying the projection method technique. Further, to make the system more realistic, time delay involved in the conversion of detritus into nutrients is considered. We show that for increasing values of time delay, the system undergoes an Andronov–Hopf-bifurcation. Some simulations are presented to verify the analytical findings. The results of our study can be helpful for the policy makers to mitigate algal blooms from lakes.

Effects of composted feedlot manure on the chemical characteristics of duplex soils in north-eastern Victoria

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
B. Christy ◽  
B. M. Carmody ◽  
B. Gales
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
North Eastern

The beef feedlot industry in Australia produces a large amount of solid organic by-product each year that is currently applied to agricultural land as a fertiliser supplement. Manure is known to be a valuable source of organic matter and some plant nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, manure contains excessive quantities of cations such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K), which may result in long-term sustainability problems for the soil, particularly when large amounts are applied over short time periods. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of composted beef feedlot manure when applied to agricultural soils. Two sites were selected, one a brown Dermosol and the other a red Kurosol, both in north-eastern Victoria near the Rutherglen Research Institute. Both sites received rates of manure up to 109 t/ha in 1996. In 1997 soil samples were collected and compared with untreated control soils. The Dermosol site was sown to an oat and clover mixture in 1996 and 1997 and the red Kurosol was sown to lupin in 1996 and wheat in 1997. The application of composted bovine manure resulted in a 1% increase in soil organic carbon, an increase in soil pH by 1.5 units, increased levels of magnesium, calcium, nitrogen and K in the surface 10 cm soil layer at both sites and an increase in extractable phosphorus levels in the subsoil. There was no detectable increase in surface Na, although there was a small but significant decrease in Na in the 40–80 cm soil layer. It is suggested that soluble organic compounds, migrating down through the soil profile are able to complex with Na and effectively remove some of this cation from the exchange sites of the clay surfaces. In addition, the high porosity of these soils coupled with the high degree of Na mobility ensures that most of this cation is transported deeper into the soil profile. The beneficial effects of applying composted manure are promising as a means of reducing sodicity although these results will require further validation. In addition, the long-term effects of saturating subsurface soil with Na are also a cause for concern and need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Limiting Nutrients and Trophic State For Selected Ponds in the National Elk Refuge

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Ryan Cole ◽  
Woodruff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

Executive Summary: During the years 2000 and 2001 several water samples were taken and observations were made in order to assess the limiting nutrients and the trophic state of the water at five locations in the National Elk Refuge near Jackson, Wyoming. These five locations were: Pond by Hay Barn, Pond by Gravel Pit, Pond by Miller House, Flat Creek (at bridge) in Elk Refuge, and Elk Refuge Outlet (Flat Creek at City Bridge). Nitrogen and phosphorus measurements were taken and the nitrogen-phosphorus (N:P) ratio was determined for each sample. The N:P ratios for the ponds were high which indicates that phosphorus was generally the limiting nutrient and the N:P ratios for Flat Creek were low which indicates that nitrogen was limiting. Along with phosphorus, chlorophyll-a measurements were also taken, and these data were used in the Carlson Model in order to determine the trophic state. The Carlson results indicate that the ponds are classified as oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic (good water quality) and Flat Creek is classified as mesotrophic. However, based on the phosphorus measurements only, without the chlorophyll-a, the ponds are classified as mesotrophic and the Creek is classified as eutrophic (poor water quality). With the exception of the Elk Refuge Outlet (Flat Creek), which is eutrophic, there are no serious identified areas of water quality concern with regards to eutrophication in the Elk Refuge. These results should be useful in comparing with past and future studies in order to determine the effects of animal and human interaction on these waters.

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