Evaluation of Limiting Nutrients and Trophic State For Selected Ponds in the National Elk Refuge

Executive Summary: During the years 2000 and 2001 several water samples were taken and observations were made in order to assess the limiting nutrients and the trophic state of the water at five locations in the National Elk Refuge near Jackson, Wyoming. These five locations were: Pond by Hay Barn, Pond by Gravel Pit, Pond by Miller House, Flat Creek (at bridge) in Elk Refuge, and Elk Refuge Outlet (Flat Creek at City Bridge). Nitrogen and phosphorus measurements were taken and the nitrogen-phosphorus (N:P) ratio was determined for each sample. The N:P ratios for the ponds were high which indicates that phosphorus was generally the limiting nutrient and the N:P ratios for Flat Creek were low which indicates that nitrogen was limiting. Along with phosphorus, chlorophyll-a measurements were also taken, and these data were used in the Carlson Model in order to determine the trophic state. The Carlson results indicate that the ponds are classified as oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic (good water quality) and Flat Creek is classified as mesotrophic. However, based on the phosphorus measurements only, without the chlorophyll-a, the ponds are classified as mesotrophic and the Creek is classified as eutrophic (poor water quality). With the exception of the Elk Refuge Outlet (Flat Creek), which is eutrophic, there are no serious identified areas of water quality concern with regards to eutrophication in the Elk Refuge. These results should be useful in comparing with past and future studies in order to determine the effects of animal and human interaction on these waters.

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Trophic State Evaluation of Jackson Lake in Grand Teton National Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1997.3321 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 39-41

Author(s):

Woodruff Miller

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

National Park ◽

Trophic State ◽

Health Department ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Grand Teton National Park ◽

State Evaluation ◽

June July

This study is the continuation of an evaluation of the trophic state of lakes located in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. The original 1995 study was motivated by concern that the water quality of the lakes within the Park may be declining due to increased human usage over the past several years. A trophic state evaluation, featuring nutrient and chlorophyll-a analyses, was chosen because it is believed to be a sound indicator of the lakes' overall water quality. In this 1996 study, a thorough evaluation was made of Jackson Lake. This summary is taken from the complete 100 page report which is available from Woodruff Miller at Brigham Young University or Hank Harlow at the University of Wyoming. In most cases water samples were taken four times during the summer of 1996, in June, July, August, and October. Jackson Lake was sampled at eight different locations on thesurface and at depths near the bottom. The lake inlet and outlet were also sampled four times. Jackson Lake was sampled from a motor boat which also provided a means to measure the lake transparency and depth. The chlorophyll-a and nutrient concentrations were analyzed by the Utah State Health Department, Division of Laboratory Services. Jackson Lake was evaluated using the models of Carlson, Vollenweider, and LarsenÂMercier. The nature of the Larsen-Mercier and Vollenweider models, based on system inflow and outflow data, is such that they yield one trophic state assessment of the lake per inflow and outflow sample set. The Carlson Trophic State Indices (TSI), on the other hand, are based on in situ properties of the water at any point in the lake. Consequently, while there are four Vollenweider and four Larsen-Mercier evaluations for Jackson Lake, individual Carlson evaluations were made for the eight sample sites around the lake at the surface and at depth, and an evaluation for the lake as a whole was constructed using averages taken from the site evaluations. This allowed us to examine the relative water quality of different portions of the lake at different time periods.

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Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1213 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarma Nandini ◽

Pedro Ramirez García ◽

S.S.S. Sarma

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Local Population ◽

Secchi Depth ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Eutrophic Water ◽

Depth Water

Lake Xochimilco is a eutrophic water body in Mexico City used by the local population for aquaculture and agriculture. Water level is maintained with inputs of partially treated waste water from the Cerro de la Estrella treatment plant. In this study we analysed the water quality at two sites of Lake Xochimilco, Lake Xaltocan and the Santa Cruz Canal using various indicators such as zooplankton diversity, saprobic indices, bacterial concentrations and physico-chemical variables. Eighty litres of water was filtered from Lake Xochimilco from each site, once a month from March to October of 2012, and the rotifers, cladocerans and copepods were enumerated and identified. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, Secchi depth, water depth, nitrogen and phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and bacterial densities were measured. During the study we recorded 33 species of rotifers, the most abundant being Brachionus angularis, B. calyciflorus and B. havanaensis. Among the microcrustaceans the most abundant were the cladoceran Moina micrura and the copepods Acanthocyclops americanus and Arctodiaptomus dorsalis. The species diversity was around 2 bits/ind. and the saprobic index between 1.5-2.0, indicating that both sites were β meso-saprobic. At both sites nitrogen was <1 mg/L and phosphorus ranged between 2.5-7.8 mg/L. Chlorophyll a concentrations were between 66-136 µg/L. The toxigenic (Vibrio cholerae No-O1/No-O139) and the non-toxigenic (Vibrio cholerae No-O135) strains of the bacterium were recorded, closely associated with littoral rotifers and cladocerans particularly Brachionus quadridentatus and Alona sp. All variables indicate that these sites in Lake Xochimilco are eutrophic and highly contaminated and that the water quality needs to be improved.

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Effects of Environmental Factors on Nutrients Release at Sediment-Water Interface and Assessment of Trophic Status for a Typical Shallow Lake, Northwest China

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/716342 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Dekun Hou ◽

Jiang He ◽

Changwei Lü ◽

Ying Sun ◽

Fujin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trophic State ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Northwest China ◽

Trophic State Index ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Daihai Lake ◽

Terrestrial Source ◽

Limiting Nutrient ◽

State Index

Surface sediment and water samples were collected from Daihai Lake to study the biogeochemical characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus, to estimate the loads of these nutrients, and to assess their effects on water quality. The contents and spatial distributions of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and different nitrogen forms in sediments were analyzed. The results showed that concentrations of TN and TP in surface sediments ranged from 0.27 to 1.78 g/kg and from 558.31 to 891.29 mg/kg, respectively. Ratios of C : N ranged between 8.2 and 12.1, which indicated that nitrogen accumulated came mainly from terrestrial source. Ratios of N : P in all sampling sites were below 10, which indicated that N was the limiting nutrient for algal growth in this lake. Effects of environment factors on the release of nitrogen and phosphorus in lake sediments were also determined; high pH values could encourage the release of nitrogen and phosphorus. Modified Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIM) and comprehensive trophic state index (TSIC) were applied to ascertain the trophic classification of the studied lake, and the values ofTSIMandTSICranged from 53.72 to 70.61 and from 47.73 to 53.67, respectively, which indicated that the Daihai Lake was in the stage of hypereutropher.

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Assessment of Temporal Variation of Water Quality Parameters and the Trophic State Index in a Subtropical Water Reservoir of Bangladesh

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.040313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 164-184

Author(s):

Md. Sirajul Islam ◽

Yousuf Ali ◽

Md. Humayun Kabir ◽

Rofi Md. Zubaer ◽

Nowara Tamanna Meghla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Trophic State ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Trophic State Index ◽

State Index

This study was conducted to determine the suitability of water quality for fisheries management in Kaptai Lake from February 2019 to January 2020. Results showed that the temperature, transparency, TDS, pH, DO, EC, alkalinity and hardness were 20.9 to 31.8°C, 17 to 303 cm, 40 to 105 mg/L, 6.82 to 7.96, 6.1 to 7.65 mg/L, 75.33 to 172.33 µS/cm, 37 to 83 mg/L and 35 to 190 mg/L, respectively. However, nutrients as NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and SO42- were 0.01 to 0.05, 0.03 to 2.21, 36 to 96, 0.01 to 0.04 and 0.3 to 1.9 mg/L, respectively. Chlorophyll a and trophic state index (TSI) were 0.70 to 2.12 µg/L and 27.43 to 37.79, respectively. Study revealed that SO42-, DO and TDS were higher than the standard of ECR. On the other hand, NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, temperature, transparency, pH, EC, total hardness, total alkalinity, Chlorophyll a and TSI were within the standard levels. Concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, Chlorophyll a and TSI (CHL) showed no significant variation with seasons. Conversely, TDS, transparency, EC, alkalinity, hardness, and SO42- were lower in monsoon compared to pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Besides, temperature, NH3, DO and TSI (SD) were higher in monsoon season. Results concluded that the Kaptai Lake is in mesotrophic condition with TSI (CHL) less than 40, and prominently there was a positive relationship between Chlorophyll a and Trophic State Index (TSI). In this regard, major nutrients and Chlorophyll a concentration in the Kaptai Lake may have an impact on the aquatic environment.

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Temporal and Spatial Study of Water Quality and Trophic Evaluation of a Large Tropical Reservoir

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments6060061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Quevedo-Castro ◽

Erick R. Bandala ◽

Jesús G. Rangel-Peraza ◽

Leonel E. Amábilis-Sosa ◽

Antonio Sanhouse-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Trophic State ◽

Probabilistic Neural Network ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Spatial Density ◽

Trophic State Index ◽

Tropical Reservoir ◽

Mean Values ◽

Limiting Nutrient

A water quality study was carried out at the Adolfo López Mateos (ALM) reservoir, one of the largest tropical reservoirs in Mexico, located within an intensive agricultural region. In this study, the seasonal and spatial variations of nine water quality parameters were evaluated at four different sites along the reservoir semiannually over a period of seven years (2012–2018), considering the spring (dry) and fall (rainy) seasons. An analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values of the water quality parameters for the different sampling sites. Then, a multiparametric classification analysis was carried out to estimate the spatial density of the sampling points by using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier. The observations (seasonal and spatial) of the water quality parameters at the ALM reservoir revealed no significant influence. The trophic status was evaluated using the Carlson Modified Trophic State Index, finding the trophic state of the reservoir at the mesotrophic level, with nitrogen being the limiting nutrient. The PNN revealed neural interactions between total suspended solids (TSS) and the other four parameters, indicating that the concentration ranges of five parameters are equally distributed and classified.

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Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Chlorophyll-a Variations in Receiving Reservoir of World’s Largest Water Transfer Project—A Case Study in the Miyun Reservoir, North China

Water ◽

10.3390/w13172406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2406

Author(s):

Zhenmei Liao ◽

Nan Zang ◽

Xuan Wang ◽

Chunhui Li ◽

Qiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Water Quality ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Trophic State ◽

Water Transfer ◽

Support Vector ◽

Miyun Reservoir ◽

Chl A ◽

Svm Model

Although water transfer projects can alleviate the water crisis, they may cause potential risks to water quality safety in receiving areas. The Miyun Reservoir in northern China, one of the receiving reservoirs of the world’s largest water transfer project (South-to-North Water Transfer Project, SNWTP), was selected as a case study. Considering its potential eutrophication trend, two machine learning models, i.e., the support vector machine (SVM) model and the random forest (RF) model, were built to investigate the trophic state by predicting the variations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, the typical reflection of eutrophication, in the reservoir after the implementation of SNWTP. The results showed that compared with the SVM model, the RF model had higher prediction accuracy and more robust prediction ability with abnormal data, and was thus more suitable for predicting Chl-a concentration variations in the receiving reservoir. Additionally, short-term water transfer would not cause significant variations of Chl-a concentrations. After the project implementation, the impact of transferred water on the water quality of the receiving reservoir would have gradually increased. After a 10-year implementation, transferred water would cause a significant decline in the receiving reservoir’s water quality, and Chl-a concentrations would increase, especially from July to August. This led to a potential risk of trophic state change in the Miyun Reservoir and required further attention from managers. This study can provide prediction techniques and advice on water quality security management associated with eutrophication risks resulting from water transfer projects.

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Water quality of the São Gonçalo channel, urban and agricultural water supply in southern Brazil

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.011716082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Edélti Faria Albertoni ◽

◽

Cleber Palma-Silva ◽

Claudio Rossano Trindade ◽

Leonardo Marques Furlanetto

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Supply ◽

Trophic State ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Biotic Index ◽

Trophic State Index ◽

Agricultural Water ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Agricultural Water Supply

ABSTRACT São Gonçalo channel connects Patos and Mirim lagoons, in South Brazil. This ecosystem is 70 Km long, and is a major regional source of urban and agricultural water supply, mainly for the municipality of Rio Grande, with ca. 250 thousand citizens. This study aims to diagnose their water quality by measuring benthic invertebrates (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness and abundance), use of a BMWP biotic index, physical and chemical evaluation, and applying a trophic state index. The BMWP index showed predominance of taxa indicating altered conditions and polluted waters (Sarcodina and Hydracarina). The abiotic variables indicated eutrophicated waters, chlorophyll values characteristic of eutrophic environments (>2.9 µg. L–1), low N:P rates in sediment and water, with nitrogen limitation during most periods studied. The results of trophic state indexes indicated mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions, reaching hipereutrophic periods. The highest TSI were in Piratini river, in April 2009 and February 2011, coinciding with rice crop leaching. These results regarding nutrient concentration, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and biotic index support the need to evaluate the occupation of the surroundings of this water supply.

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Trophic State Evaluation of Jackson Lake in Grand Teton National Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3285 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 63-67

Author(s):

Woodruff Miller

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

National Park ◽

Trophic State ◽

Health Department ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Grand Teton National Park ◽

State Evaluation ◽

June July

This study is the continuation of an evaluation of the trophic state of lakes located in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. The original 1995 study was motivated by concern that the water quality of the lakes within the Park may be declining due to increased human usage over the past several years. A trophic state evaluation, featuring nutrient and chlorophyll-a analyses, was chosen because it is believed to be a sound indicator of the lakes' overall water quality. In this 1996 study, a thorough evaluation was made of Jackson Lake. This summary is taken from the complete 100 page report which is available from Woodruff Miller at Brigham Young University or Hank Harlow at the University of Wyoming. In most cases water samples were taken four times during the summer of 1996, in June, July, August, and October. Jackson Lake was sampled at eight different locations on the surface and at depths near the bottom. The lake inlet and outlet were also sampled four times. Jackson Lake was sampled from a motor boat which also provided a means to measure the lake transparency and depth. The chlorophyll-a and nutrient concentrations were analyzed by the Utah State Health Department, Division of Laboratory Services. Jackson Lake was evaluated using the models of Carlson, Vollenweider, and Larsen-Mercier. The nature of the Larsen-Mercier and Vollenweider models, based on system inflow and outflow data, is such that they yield one trophic state assessment of the lake per inflow and outflow sample set. The Carlson Trophic State Indices (TSI), on the other hand, are based on in situ properties of the water at any point in the lake. Consequently, while there are four Vollenweider and four Larsen-Mercier evaluations for Jackson Lake, individual Carlson evaluations were made for the eight sample sites around the lake at the surface and at depth, and an evaluation for the lake as a whole was constructed using averages taken from the site evaluations. This allowed us to examine the relative water quality of different portions of the lake at different time periods.

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Regeneration of nitrogen and phosphorus by bluegill and gizzard shad: effect of feeding history

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-825 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 2327-2338 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Martha E. Mather ◽

Michael J. Vanni ◽

Thomas E. Wissing ◽

Scott A. Davis ◽

Maynard H. Schaus

Keyword(s):

Excretion Rate ◽

Lepomis Macrochirus ◽

N:P Ratio ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Gizzard Shad ◽

Small Fish ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Nutrient Excretion ◽

N:P Ratios ◽

Excretion Rates

We combined laboratory and field studies to experimentally assess how the effects of feeding regime and time since feeding influence nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and the N:P ratio excreted by two common freshwater fish, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). In addition, for adult gizzard shad, we modelled excretion rates as a function of the nutrient content of ingested sediment detritus. For both bluegill and gizzard shad, feeding significantly increased nutrient excretion rates and altered excreted N:P ratios. For both species, excretion rates were highest immediately after feeding and declined thereafter. Because the phosphorus excretion rate decreased more rapidly after feeding than did the nitrogen excretion rate, the excreted N:P ratio increased with time since feeding. Young-of-year gizzard shad excreted more nitrogen than adults, resulting in a higher excreted N:P ratio for these small fish. For P, predictions from our model agreed well with our experiments with gizzard shad; for N, the agreement was not as strong yet was still reasonable. In summary, N:P ratios excreted by these fish differed across species, size, and time since feeding. Variation in these factors may explain discrepancies among studies that examine both trophic interactions and nutrient budgets.

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Eutrophication study of twenty reservoirs in Taiwan

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0331 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. -P. Chang ◽

S. -M. Chuang

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nutrient Limitation ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Secchi Disc ◽

Study Results ◽

Limiting Nutrient ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

North Latitude

Taiwan is an island off the southeastern coast of China with total area of roughly 36,000 km2. The geographic position of Taiwan is between 21° 45′ 25″ to 25° 56′ 31″ north latitude and 119° 18′ 3″ to 124° 34′ 30″ east longitude and includes both tropical and subtropical areas. The study was carried out at twenty main reservoirs in Taiwan area from 1994 to 1998. The study revealed that the water quality of most reservoirs gradually deteriorated during the study period. Total phosphorus concentrations over 60 μg/L were observed in 12.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 22.2% of these reservoirs in 1998. Total nitrogen concentrations over 1.0 mg/L were observed in 37.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 94.4% of these reservoirs in 1998. Secchi disc transparency below 2 m was observed in 75% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 83.3% of these reservoirs in 1998. Chlorophyll a concentrations over 15 mg/m3 were observed in 12.5% of these reservoirs in 1994, but in 27.8% of these reservoirs in 1998. The TN:TP mass ratios (wt/wt) of all the studied reservoirs except Akungting Reservoir, Fongshan Reservoir, and Chengching Reservoir are higher than 16. The study results on nutrient limitation indicated that phosphorus is the primary limiting nutrient in Taiwan reservoirs except Akungting Reservoir, Fongshan Reservoir, and Chengching Reservoir.

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