scholarly journals Using bio-manipulation to optimise soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability within intensive farm systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Farm Systems

In many farm systems, both inorganic and organic fertilisers, including manure and slurry, are applied to soil to replenish nutrient offtake in agricultural products and additional nutrient losses to surface water and groundwater. The use of manure/slurry as a nutrient resource offers important advantages over a sole reliance on inorganic fertilisers, including the reuse and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within farming systems and a reduction in the reliance of agricultural production on finite inorganic fertiliser reserves. There is increasing interest in the extent to which additives are able to enhance the nutrient value of slurry/manure. However, little is known about the effects of these modified slurries/manures on the quantity and composition of N and P within agricultural soils. We report data from batch soil experiments in which soils received a range of treatments, including the application of livestock slurry that had received a combined SlurryBugs™ and SlurryBooster™ additive. Past research has shown that SlurryBugs™ and SlurryBooster™ additives have a range of potentially beneficial effects on livestock slurry, including increased total N content of the slurry. Our experiments were designed to understand how slurry that has received additives ultimately affects nutrient availability in organic, clay-loam and sandy-loam grassland soils. We consider the effects of our treatments on a range of agronomically-important soil parameters, including Olsen-P, mineral-N, available-K, pH and organic matter content. Through our experiments, we aim to understand the extent to which soil fertility can be enhanced through the application of slurries/manures that have received additives.

scholarly journals Effects on nutrient availability in agricultural soils following the application of slurry amended with additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser

In many farm systems, both inorganic and organic fertilisers, including manure and slurry, are applied to the soil to replenish nutrient offtake in agricultural products and additional nutrient losses to soil as well as surface water and groundwater. With respect to sole reliance on inorganic fertilisers, the use of manure/slurry as a nutrient resource offers important benefits, including the reuse and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within farming systems as well as a reduction in the reliance on agricultural production on finite inorganic fertiliser reserves. There is increasing interest in the extent to which additives can enhance the nutrient value of slurry/manure. However, little is known about the impacts of these amended slurries/manures on the quantity and composition of N and P within agricultural and pasture soils. We report data from incubation experiments in which soils received a range of treatments, including the application of livestock slurry that had received a mixture of commercial additives. Our experiments were designed to understand how slurry that has received additives ultimately affects nutrient availability in organic, clay-loam and sandy-loam grassland soils. The addition of the additives to slurry resulted in a slight increase or no difference in total solids, pH, total N, ammonium-N, total P, total potassium, total magnesium and total sodium compared to the untreated counterpart. We considered the effects of our treatments on a range of agronomically important soil parameters, including Olsen-P, mineral-N, available-K, pH and organic matter content. This experiment aimed to understand the extent to which soil fertility could be enhanced through the application of slurries/manures that have received additives. The application of both amended and unamended slurry treatments on soil led to higher values of NH4-N, available-K, available Mg and pH than the addition of inorganic fertiliser. In addition, no substantial differences were observed between the treatment of the three soils with unamended and amended slurry.

Efficacy of Selected Herbicides as Influenced by Soil Properties

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Blumhorst ◽  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
Len R. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Humic Matter

Field experiments were conducted on six loam and sandy loam soils to study the influence of various soil parameters on atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and pendimethalin efficacy. Herbicidal activity was highly correlated to the soil organic content. Humic matter content was equally or better correlated (r = 0.70 to 0.91) with herbicide bioactivity than was organic matter content (r = 0.66 to 0.84). Regression equations were determined which allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or organic matter levels.

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Invasion and Eradication: Implications for Soil Nutrient Dynamics in a Longleaf Pine Sandhill Ecosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Hagan ◽  
Shibu Jose ◽  
Kimberly Bohn ◽  
Francisco Escobedo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

AbstractWe assessed pre- and posteradication nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in longleaf pine sandhill stands severely affected by cogongrass. Across a 7-yr posteradication (glyphosate + imazapyr) “recovery chronosequence,” which included untreated cogongrass, uninvaded reference, and treated plots, we analyzed soils for total N, potentially available P (Mehlich-1 [M1]), pH, and organic matter content. We also used resin bags to assess fluxes of plant available N and P in the soil solution. Additionally, we used litterbags to monitor the decomposition and nutrient mineralization patterns of dead rhizome and foliage tissue. Our results indicate similar total N and M1-P contents in both cogongrass-invaded and uninvaded reference plots, with levels of M1-P being lower than in cogongrass plots for 5 yr after eradication. Soil organic matter did not differ between treatments. Resin bag analyses suggest that cogongrass invasion did not affect soil nitrate availability, although a pulse of NO2+ NO3occurred in the first 3 yr after eradication. No such trends were observed for ammonium. Resin-adsorbed PO4was lowest 3 yr after eradication, and pH was highest 5 yr after eradication. Our litterbag study showed that approximately 55% of foliar biomass and 23% of rhizome tissue biomass remained 18 mo after herbicide treatment. Substantial N immobilization was observed in rhizomes for the first 12 mo, with slow mineralization occurring thereafter. Rapid P mineralization occurred, with 15.4 and 20.5% of initial P remaining after 18 mo in rhizomes and foliage, respectively. Overall, our findings indicate that cogongrass invasion has little to no effect on soil nutrient cycling processes, although some significant—but ephemeral—alterations develop after eradication.

scholarly journals Preliminary screening of selected soils in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria for antibiotic-producing actinomycetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Risikat N. AHMED ◽  
Sesan M. SOBA ◽  
Mercy O. BAMIGBOYE ◽  
Kamoldeen A. AJIJOLAKEWU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Standard Procedures

The present research aimed at screening various soils within Ilorin metropolis for antibiotic producing actinomycetes. The objectives of the study were to determine physiochemical parameters of soils, the occurrence of actinomycetes in soils, antibacterial potentials and identity of isolates. Soil parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture, organic matter and soil type were evaluated following standard procedures. Selective isolation to determine the occurrence of actinomycetes was performed by soil dilution using pour plate technique on starch casein agar. Preliminary antibacterial screening against 10 clinical test bacteria was performed using cross streak method. All isolates were initially identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, while the most bioactive isolates were further identified by molecular means. The soils were alkaline, with temperatures between 29 °C and 31 °C, moisture was in range of 0.72 ± 0.07c and 6.62 ± 0.42b. Highest organic matter content was 32.13 ± 0.20a with soil types mostly loamy and sandy loam. Ten actinomycetes (SM1 - SM10) were isolated, with the most frequently occurring isolate being SM3 and SM5 (16.7%). SM5 was the most active, inhibiting 9 out of 10 tests, with the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus 25923 (24 mm ± 0.15a). All isolates were identified as Streptomyces by morphology and biochemical tests. Based on nucleotide similarity searches and phylogeny, two bioactive Streptomycetes were suggested as novel strains and thus named as Streptomyces bottropensis UIL RNA (SM5) and S. flavoviridis UIL RNA(SM7), which may serve as promising sources of antibiotics. Actinomycetes from Ilorin metropolis demonstrated broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against clinical test bacteria.

scholarly journals Application of soil quality indices to assess the status of agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewaters

Solid Earth ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morugán-Coronado ◽  
V. Arcenegui ◽  
F. García-Orenes ◽  
J. Mataix-Solera ◽  
J. Mataix-Beneyto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. The supply of water is limited in some parts of the Mediterranean region, such as southeastern Spain. The use of treated wastewater for the irrigation of agricultural soils is an alternative to using better-quality water, especially in semi-arid regions. On the other hand, this practice can modify some soil properties, change their relationships and influence soil quality. In this work two soil quality indices were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater in soils. The indices were developed studying different soil properties in undisturbed soils in SE Spain, and the relationships between soil parameters were established using multiple linear regressions. These indices represent the balance reached among properties in "steady state" soils. This study was carried out in four study sites from SE Spain irrigated with wastewater, including four study sites. The results showed slight changes in some soil properties as a consequence of irrigation with wastewater, the obtained levels not being dangerous for agricultural soils, and in some cases they could be considered as positive from an agronomical point of view. In one of the study sites, and as a consequence of the low quality wastewater used, a relevant increase in soil organic matter content was observed, as well as modifications in most of the soil properties. The application of soil quality indices indicated that all the soils of study sites are in a state of disequilibrium regarding the relationships between properties independent of the type of water used. However, there were no relevant differences in the soil quality indices between soils irrigated with wastewater with respect to their control sites for all except one of the sites, which corresponds to the site where low quality wastewater was used.

scholarly journals Application of soil quality indices to assess the status of agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewaters

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1485-1509
Author(s):  
A. Morugán-Coronado ◽  
V. Arcenegui ◽  
F. García-Orenes ◽  
J. Mataix-Solera ◽  
J. Mataix-Beneyto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. The supply of water is limited in some parts of the Mediterranean region, such as southeastern Spain. The use of treated wastewater for the irrigation of agricultural soils is an alternative to using better-quality water, especially in semi-arid regions. On the other hand, this practice can modify some soil properties, change their relationships, the equilibrium reached and influence soil quality. In this work two soil quality indices were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater in soils. The indices were developed studying different soil properties in undisturbed soils in SE Spain, and the relationships between soil parameters were established using multiple linear regressions. This study was carried out in three areas of Alicante Province (SE Spain) irrigated with wastewater, including four study sites. The results showed slight changes in some soil properties as a consequence of irrigation with wastewater, the obtained levels not being dangerous for agricultural soils, and in some cases they could be considered as positive from an agronomical point of view. In one of the study sites, and as a consequence of the low quality wastewater used, a relevant increase in soil organic matter content was observed, as well as modifications in most of the soil properties. The application of soil quality indices indicated that all the soils of study sites are in a state of disequilibrium regarding the relationships between properties independent of the type of water used. However, there were no relevant differences in the soil quality indices between soils irrigated with wastewater with respect to their control sites for all except one of the sites, which corresponds to the site where low quality wastewater was used.

scholarly journals Exploring the Functional Strategies Adopted by Coastal Plants Along an Ecological Gradient Using Morpho-functional Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ciccarelli ◽  
Cleusa Bona
Keyword(s):  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ecological Gradient ◽  
Ecological Conditions

AbstractCoastal dunes are characterised by strong interactions between biotic and abiotic factors along a short gradient from the shoreline to the inland region. We carried out an ecological analysis of the vegetation in a protected area of the Italian coast to evaluate the relationships among species abundance, the occurrence of morphoanatomical traits related to leaves, stems, and roots, and soil variables. Three transects were established perpendicular to the shoreline, with 27 plots distributed in the frontal dunes, backdunes, and temporarily wet dune slacks. An analysis based on community-weighted mean values showed that the pioneer communities of the frontal dunes were dominated by ruderals that are well adapted to the harsh ecological conditions of these environments, showing succulent leaves, high limb thickness values, and low values for leaf dry matter content (LDMC). The backdune vegetation was a mosaic of annual herbaceous and perennial shrub communities showing both ruderal and stress-tolerant strategies (clonality, sclerified leaves, high LDMC values, root phenolics) consistent with less extreme ecological conditions. The dune slack areas were dominated by plants showing adaptations to both arid and flooded environments, such as C4 photosynthesis, amphistomatic leaves, and abundant aerenchyma in the roots. The invasive status, C4 photosynthesis, leaf trichomes, and aerenchyma in the roots were significantly correlated with soil humidity, organic matter content, and pH. These results demonstrate the usefulness of anatomical traits (including root system traits) in understanding the functional strategies adopted by plants. Invasive species tended to occupy plots with high levels of soil moisture, suggesting an avoidance strategy for the harsh environmental conditions of coastal sand dunes. Finally, we suggest including information regarding root systems into coastal monitoring programs because they are directly linked to soil parameters useful in coastal dune management and protection.

scholarly journals Retention of the Antibiotic Cefuroxime onto Agricultural and Forest Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4663
Author(s):  
Raquel Cela-Dablanca ◽  
Carolina Nebot ◽  
Lucia Rodríguez López ◽  
David Ferández-Calviño ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Soil Colloids

Antibiotics in wastewater, sewage sludge, manures, and slurries constitute a risk for the environment when spread on soils. This work studies the adsorption and desorption of the antibiotic cefuroxime (CFX) in 23 agricultural and forest soils, using batch-type experiments. Our results show that the adsorption values were between 40.75 and 99.57% in the agricultural soils, while the range was lower (from 74.57 to 93.46%) in forest soils. Among the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Linear models, the Freundlich equation shows the best fit for the adsorption results. In addition, agricultural soils with higher pH are the ones that present the highest adsorption. Further confirmation of the influence of pH on adsorption is given by the fact that Freundlich’s KF parameter and the Linear model Kd parameter shows a positive correlation with pH and with the exchangeable Ca and Mg values, which are known to affect the charges of the soil colloids and the formation of cationic bridges between adsorbents and adsorbate. In addition, Freundlich’s n parameter shows a positive and significant correlation with the organic matter content, related to the high adsorption taking place on forest soils despite their pH < 5. Regarding desorption, in most cases, it is lower than 1%, which indicates that CFX is adsorbed in a rather irreversible way onto these soils. Overall, these results can be considered relevant regarding their potential impact on environmental quality and public health.

CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MATTER AND ADDITIONS OF LIME, P, Cd AND Zn

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Parts

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

Soil fertility and leaf nutrient status of litchi orchard sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Tasnim Zannat ◽  
Farhana Firoz Meem ◽  
Rubaiat Sharmin Promi ◽  
Umme Qulsum Poppy ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
Physico Chemical

Twelve soil and twelve leaf samples were collected from twelve litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards from different locations of Dinajpur to evaluate some physico-chemical properties and nutrient status of soil, and concentration of nutrients in litchi leaf. The pH of the soil varied from very strong acidic to medium acidic (4.8 - 5.7), organic matter content varied from 0.84 - 1.88%, EC varied from 302.4 - 310.2 μS/cm. The dominant soil textural class was clay loam. The average particle density was 2.49g/cm3. Total N, P, K and S in soils were 0.053 - 0.180%, 0.02 - 0.07%, 0.046 - 0.370 meq/100 g, and 0.015 - 0.028%, respectively. Available N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and B in soils 30.40 - 57.8 mg/kg, 10.53 - 14.33 mg/kg, 0.03 - 0.32 meq/100 g, 20.03-34.80 mg/kg, 0.68-1.50 μg/g, 31.8 - 41.5 μg/g, 6.75 - 7.39 μg/g and 0.25-0.51 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of total N, P, K, S, Zn and Mn in the leaf were 1.74 - 2.20%, 0.11 - 0.188%, 0.104- 0.198%, 0.129 - 0.430%, 12 - 14 μg/g and 30 - 74 μg/g, respectively. The overall results indicated that the fertility status of the soils under the litchi plantation in the Dinajpur area are medium fertile. So, farmers could be advised to grow litchi plants after applying amendments to the soils to improve the physico-chemical properties in the Dinajpur area of Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 141-149, 2021 (July)

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