scholarly journals Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Fowler ◽  
Kyle Fiore Law ◽  
Brendan Gaesser
Keyword(s):  
Moral Life ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Empathy has long been considered central in living a moral life. However, mounting evidence has shown that empathy is often biased towards (i.e., felt more strongly for) close and similar others, igniting a debate over whether empathy is inherently morally flawed and should be abandoned in efforts to strive towards greater equity. This debate has focused on whether empathy limits the scope of our morality, with little consideration of whether it may be our moral beliefs limiting our empathy. Across two studies conducted on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (N= 604), we investigate moral judgments of biased and equitable feelings of empathy. We observed a moral preference for empathy towards socially close over distant others. However, feeling equal empathy for all is seen as the most morally and socially valuable. These findings provide new theoretical insight into the relationship between empathy and morality with implications for navigating towards a more egalitarian future.

scholarly journals Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097996
Author(s):  
Zoë Fowler ◽  
Kyle Fiore Law ◽  
Brendan Gaesser
Keyword(s):  
Moral Life ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Empathy has long been considered central to living a moral life. However, mounting evidence has shown that people’s empathy is often biased toward (i.e., felt more strongly for) others that they are close or similar to, igniting a debate over whether empathy is inherently morally flawed and should be abandoned in efforts to strive toward greater equity. This debate has focused on whether empathy limits the scope of our morality, but little consideration has been given to whether our moral beliefs may be limiting our empathy. Across two studies conducted on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ( N = 604), we investigated moral judgments of biased and equitable feelings of empathy. We observed a moral preference for empathy toward socially close over distant others. However, feeling equal empathy for all people is seen as the most morally and socially valuable approach. These findings provide new theoretical insight into the relationship between empathy and morality, and they have implications for navigating toward a more egalitarian future.

Verbal Disclosure and Mental Health Among Gay Latino and Gay White Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 001100002110513
Author(s):  
Kevin Delucio ◽  
Adrian J. Villicana ◽  
Monica Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
White Men ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between verbal disclosure of sexual orientation and mental health among gay Latino and gay White men. In Study 1, we recruited 164 gay Latino ( n = 81) and gay White ( n = 83) men via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants completed measures assessing the degree to which they verbally disclosed their gay identity to others, as well as their depression and anxiety symptoms. Increased verbal disclosure predicted better mental health among gay White men only; no statistically significant relationships emerged among gay Latinos. In Study 2, we recruited 281 gay Latino ( n = 130) and White ( n = 151) men via MTurk, in which feelings of shame and guilt independently mediated the relationship between verbal disclosure and mental health. Among gay White men, increased verbal disclosure predicted less shame and guilt, which predicted better mental health. These relationships did not emerge for gay Latinos.

scholarly journals How the Visual Design of Video Game Antagonists Affects Perception of Morality

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhan Pradantyo ◽  
Max V. Birk ◽  
Scott Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Character Design ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Insight Into

The visual design of antagonists—typically thought of as “bad guys”—is crucial for game design. Antagonists are key to providing the backdrop to a game's setting and motivating a player's actions. The visual representation of antagonists is important because it affects player expectations about the character's personality and potential actions. Particularly important is how players perceive an antagonist's morality. For example, an antagonist appearing disloyal might foreshadow betrayal; a character who looks cruel suggests that tough fights are ahead; or, a player might be surprised when a friendly looking character attacks them. Today, the art of designing character morality is informed by archetypal elements, existing characters, and the artist's own background. However, little work has provided insight into how an antagonist's appearance can lead players to make moral judgments. Using Mechanical Turk, we collected participant ratings on a stimulus image set of 105 antagonists from popular video games. The results of our work provide insights into how the visual attributes of antagonists can influence judgments of character morality. Our findings provide a valuable new lens for understanding and deepening an important aspect of game design. Our results can be used to help ensure that a particular character design has the best chance to be universally seen as “evil,” or to help create more complex and conflicted emotional experiences through carefully designed characters that do not appear to be bad. Our research extends current research practices that seek to build an understanding of game design and provides exciting new directions for exploring how design and aesthetic practices can be better studied and supported.

scholarly journals Examining the effect of mindfulness on well-being: self-connection as a mediator

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Klussman ◽  
Nicola Curtin ◽  
Julia Langer ◽  
Austin Lee Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The current research sought to better understand the effect of mindfulness on well-being by examining self-connection as a potential mediator. We define self-connection as: (1) an awareness of oneself, (2) an acceptance of oneself based on this awareness, and (3) an alignment of one’s behavior with this awareness. Based on this definition, we measured self-connection, mindfulness and well-being using two distinct samples and two different operationalizations of well-being. In Study 1, we recruited 101 people from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and asked them about their connection to themselves, mindfulness and flourishing. In Study 2, we surveyed an additional 104 people from MTurk, again measuring mindfulness and self-connection. However, this time we operationalized well-being as satisfaction with life. As expected, mindfulness predicted self-connection and well-being in both studies. Self-connection also predicted well-being and partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and well-being. These results suggest that mindfulness bolsters self-connection, which in turn increases people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Identity Fusion in U.S. Military Members

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Hart ◽  
Steven L. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Fusion Data ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Identity fusion, the visceral sense of interconnectedness between oneself and the members of a group, has been associated with military service anecdotally and examined among foreign military groups. However, no study to date has explored fusion and its relationship with functioning among U.S. military members. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the incremental predictive validity of fusion, (2) to examine the relationship between fusion and pro- and antisocial in-group behaviors, and (3) to determine how one’s attitude toward their military service may affect fusion. Data were collected via self-report using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk software. Results indicated that fusion predicted progroup beliefs and in-group helping behaviors above and beyond other indicators of military identity. Further, satisfaction with the military mediated the relationship between fusion and willingness to give time to other veterans. Identifying an important mediator of fusion expands upon earlier work in the field and suggests routes for future inquiry.

scholarly journals Relationship-Contingent Self-Esteem as a Moderator of Borderline Personality Features and Mate Retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra Rufino ◽  
Christopher James Holden
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Mate Retention ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Borderline Personality Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The current study examined the relationship between borderline personality features, relationship-contingent self-esteem, and mate retention behaviors. Participants (N = 204) were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). They completed the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Relationship-Contingent Self-Esteem Scale, and the Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form. Participants then received feedback through the modified Future Alone Manipulation, where they were randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions: positive, negative, or negative control. After the feedback, participants completed the Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form to assess their response to feedback. Contrary to our predictions, borderline personality features (BPF) were not correlated with relationship-contingent self-esteem (RCSE), and RCSE and threat did not moderate the relationship between BPF and mate retention behaviors (MRB). Consistent with our hypotheses, BPF predicted the used of cost-inflicting MRB. Interestingly, RCSE predicted the use of benefit-provisioning MRB. This research is the first to address the relationship between BPF and RCSE and provides insight into individuals differences in relationship behaviors.

Light Emission Spectral Analysis: The Connection Between the Electric Field and the Spectrum

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Barton ◽  
Paiboon Tangyunyong ◽  
Jerry M. Soden ◽  
Christopher L. Henderson ◽  
Edward I. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Oxide Breakdown ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Failure Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The device physics necessary to gain theoretical insight into the relationship between the bias conditions and the associated electric field for semiconductor structures in various failure conditions such as forward and reverse biased junctions, MOSFET saturation, latchup, and gate oxide breakdown are examined. The relationships are verified by light emission spectra collected from test samples under various bias conditions. Several examples are included that demonstrate the utility and limitations of spectral analysis techniques for defect identification and the associated, non-electric field related information contained in the spectra.

scholarly journals CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING OF TEACHER TRAINEES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Tomšik R. ◽  
Gatial V. ◽  
Verešová M. ◽  
Čičová A.
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Teacher Trainees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Critical And Creative Thinking

The paper offers an initial theoretical insight into critical and creative thinking constructs (tools), as well as it provides the theoretical and empirical evidence of the relationship between mentioned variables and their level in specific populations. The main objective is to verify differences in critical and creative thinking of teacher trainees within the region schools, considering their fields of study. Critical thinking has been mapped by W-GSTA questionnaire and for creative thinking has been applied Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP). The sample consisted of 317 teacher trainees studying single-subject study programmes (humanities or natural sciences) or two-subject study in combination. Statistical analyses have revealed the significant difference in the rate of critical and creative thinking. Particularly, teacher trainees of two-subject study in combination have achieved significantly higher results in a critical thinking in comparison with teacher trainees studying humanities. On the other hand, teacher trainees of natural sciences have achieved higher results in a creative thinking in comparison with students of humanities.

Actual and ideal-self congruence and dual brand passion

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 664-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Astakhova ◽  
Krist R. Swimberghe ◽  
Barbara Ross Wooldridge
Keyword(s):  
Brand Personality ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
True Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Dual Objectives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between actual (ASC) and ideal self-congruence (ISC) and harmonious (HBP) and obsessive brand passion (OBP). Design/methodology/approach Study 1 uses a sample collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to test a baseline conceptual model which links ASC and ISC to HBP and OBP. Study 2 employs a sample outsourced through Qualtrics. Study 2 had dual objectives: to replicate Study 1 using a larger and more diverse sample and to test whether hedonic brand characteristics may affect the hypothesized relationships between two types of self-congruence and two types of brand passion. Findings The findings suggest that different types of self-congruity influence different types of consumer passion for the brand. Specifically, a fit between brand personality and one’s true self (ASC) helps develop a passion for the brand that is self-affirming and in harmony with other facets of the consumer’s life. Fit between brand personality and one’s ideal self (ISC) leads to OBP. The results suggest that hedonic benefits of a brand do not moderate the relationship between ASC and HBP. Originality/value This research examines the duality of brand passion (harmonious and obsessive) and the relationships with consumers’ ASC and ISC. It provides insight into how a product-related context variable (hedonic nature of the product) can moderate these relationships and further augments the nomological network of the dual brand passion concept in the brand consumer context.

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