RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF PEANUT SMUT AND ITS REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE MAIN GROWING REGION OF ARGENTINA

Peanut smut caused by the soil-borne pathogen Thecaphora frezii, has increased in incidence in the main Argentine peanut growing region. Smut affected pods transforming the kernel into a mass of teliospores, which survive long-term in the soil. This study is the first wide-scale survey to determine the occurrence and distribution of peanut smut in the main growing area of Argentina. Survey was conducted in Córdoba province, in commercial peanut fields (n=217) randomly selected from the 2015 to 2020. The intensity of disease was explored, analyzing the distribution of classes of disease severity from peanut fields, and assessing the relationship between disease parameters. No field with 0% incidence was recorded, being the mean of the incidence increased from 1.66% in 2015 to 11.47% in 2020. Smut symptoms varied from a small sori to the complete transformation of the kernel (severity classes). Severely damaged pods (SDP) were considered severity class 3 and 4, where at least one or both kernels were transformed into a mass of spores, producing a high volume of spores that spread among fields increasing the inoculum in the soil. More than 80% of the infected pods in samples corresponding to SDP. A strong relationship was observed between the disease severity index and incidence (R = 0.99), and between incidence and severity class 3 and 4 (R = 0.97 and R = 0.93), being the linear regression a model that explained the data. The results obtained contribute to progress in the knowledge of the distribution of T. frezii in the peanut-growing area of Argentina. Severity can be estimated by incidence, incidence assessment is faster, more accurate, and reproducible. This is a good technical criterion for monitoring the disease annually, and it can also be used to screen materials in breeding programs or treatments implemented as management strategies for peanut smut.

Download Full-text

Connecting Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency to Future Soil Productivity

10.24047/bc10248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 8-10

Author(s):

Fernando García ◽

Andrés Grasso ◽

María González Sanjuan ◽

Adrián Correndo ◽

Fernando Salvagiotti

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Grain Crop ◽

Wide Scale ◽

Use Efficiency

Trends over the past 25 years indicate that Argentina’s growth in its grain crop productivity has largely been supported by the depletion of the extensive fertility of its Pampean soils. Long-term research provides insight into sustainable nutrient management strategies ready for wide-scale adoption.

Download Full-text

P4762What do atrial fibrillation ablation procedural volume differences across European centers reflect? An ESC EORP registry: atrial fibrillation long-term

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

E Pagourelias ◽

V Vassilikos ◽

C Blomstrom-Lundqvist ◽

J Kautzner ◽

A P Maggioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Epidemiology ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

High Volume ◽

Af Ablation ◽

Ablation Volume ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Procedural Volume ◽

Risk Patients

Abstract Background Data from the European Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Ablation Long-Term Registry suggest that there are significant differences in the volume of AF ablation procedures performed across different centers even in the same country. If these differences in AF ablation volume between centers reflect regional, socioeconomic, infrastructural/technical or other disparities has not been addressed till now. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate patient and non-patient related differences among European AF ablation centers according to the volume of AF ablations performed. Methods Data for this analysis originate from the European AF Ablation Long-Term Study, a prospective registry designed to describe the clinical epidemiology of patients undergoing AF ablation. Based on 25th and 75th percentiles of AF ablation numbers performed, the participating centers were classified into high volume (HV) (≥250 procedures/year), medium volume (MV) (<250 and ≥58/year) and low volume (LV) (<58/year). Patient (demographics, comorbidities) and non-patient (center infrastructure, procedural characteristics) related differences were assessed. Results A total of 91 centers in 26 European countries enrolled 3368 patients. There were no significant differences concerning regional distribution, hospital/cardiology facilities or services provided among centers with the exception of electrophysiology procedures and labs which were more abundant in HV centers (p=0.02 and <0.001 respectively). HV and MV centers ablate twice more cases of long-standing persistent and persistent AF compared to LV centers, in which paroxysmal AF reaches 78.9% of all cases (Figure A). Accordingly, first AF ablation procedure was far more frequent in LV centers compared to MV and HV (85.8% vs 76.0% vs 76.1% respectively, p<0.001). Even though HV centers ablate significantly more high risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 51.4% in HV vs 46.5% in MV vs 37.2% in LV, p<0.001) (Figure B) with accompanying comorbidities, applying more elaborate ablation techniques, fluoroscopy time and radiation dose were higher among patients undergoing AF ablation in LV centers (p<0.001 for all). Despite the above-mentioned dissimilarities, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, based on adjusted data, demonstrated non-significant differences in complication rate (p=0.402) or AF recurrence rate (p=0.363) among HV, MV and LV centers. Conclusions Volume of AF ablations in a center is not correlated with regional or infrastructural characteristics. The higher volume in HV centers consists mainly by more long-term persistent AF and higher risk patients, suggesting that differences in volume reflect differences in experience and personnel's commitment towards AF ablation.

Download Full-text

Dyslipidemia in Psoriasis: A Case Controlled Study

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/729157 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. C. Nakhwa ◽

R. Rashmi ◽

K. H. Basavaraj

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Strong Association ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Severity Index ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Low Density ◽

Psoriasis Area Severity Index

Multiple observational studies have demonstrated associations of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. However there is paucity of Indian studies on dyslipidemia in psoriasis. The aim of this study was to assess the serum lipids in psoriasis and to investigate the association of lipids with disease severity and its duration. 100 cases of psoriasis (75/M, 25/F), between 15 and 72 years, were recruited with age and sex matched 73 controls. Using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) cases were graded into mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis. Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were analyzed using enzymatic method. Using independent t-test, significant elevation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein was observed (P<0.05) when compared to controls. The levels of low density lipoproteins were comparable in cases and controls. Lipid aberrations in hypertensive patients were significant. There was a decrease in HDL levels with increase in disease severity. A fall in the levels of HDL was seen in cases with long term psoriasis. There is a strong association of dyslipidemia with psoriasis. There exist racial and ethnic variation in the prevalence of psoriasis; however, dyslipidemia is consistently seen in diverse population. Whether genetic factors are implicated in lipid derangements in psoriasis needs further research.

Download Full-text

In Surplus and in Scarcity: Agricultural Development, Risk Management, and Political Economy on ofu Island, American Samoa

American Antiquity ◽

10.7183/0002-7316.81.2.273 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 273-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Seth Quintus ◽

Melinda s. Allen ◽

Thegn N. Ladefoged

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Food Production ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Management Strategies ◽

High Volume ◽

American Samoa ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Environmental Perturbations ◽

Risk Management Strategies

AbstractMuch attention has been paid to the role of increased food production in the development of social complexity. However, increased food production is only one kind of agricultural process, and some changes in agronomic practices were geared toward stabilizing production or counteracting periodic shortfalls. The intersection between these latter strategies and sociopolitical development are poorly understood, while the long-term value of risk management strategies is often hypothesized but empirically not well demonstrated. We address these issues using recent archaeological data from the Samoan Archipelago, Polynesia. We investigate variability in, and the development of, one type of agricultural infrastructure: ditch- and-parcel complexes. In the context of Samoa’s high-volume rainfall, recurrent cyclones, and steep topography, these novel risk management facilities offered production stability and, by extension, long-term selective benefits to both emergent elites and the general populace. Their effectiveness against known hazards is demonstrated by hydrologicai modeling, while their long-term success is indicated by increased distribution and size over time. Additionally, based on their morphologies, funetional properties, chronology, and spatial patterning, we argue that this infrastructure could have been effectively used by emergent elites to gain political advantage, particularly in conjunction with environmental perturbations that created production bottlenecks or shortfalls.

Download Full-text

Biocontrol Effects of Paecilomyces variotii against Fungal Plant Diseases

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 415

Author(s):

Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽

Fernando Diánez ◽

Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽

Mila Santos

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Severity Index ◽

Control Agent ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Paecilomyces Variotii ◽

Strong Control

The genus Paecilomyces is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in new formulations based on microorganisms for the control of pathogens is growing exponentially; therefore, it is necessary to study new isolates, which may help control diseases effectively, and to examine their compatibility with established agricultural control methods. We analysed in vitro and in vivo the antagonistic capacity of Paecilomyces variotii against seven phytopathogens with a high incidence in different crops, and we examined its compatibility with 24 commercial fungicides. P. variotii was applied in the following pathosystems: B. cinereal—melon, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum—pepper, R. solani—tomato, F. solani—zucchini, P. aphanidermatum—melon, M. melonis—melon, and P. xanthii—zucchini. The results showed strong control effects on M. melonis and P. xanthii, reducing the disease severity index by 78% and 76%, respectively. The reduction in disease severity in the other pathosystems ranged from 29% to 44%. However, application of metabolites alone did not cause any significant effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogens, apart from F. solani, in which up to 12% inhibition was observed in vitro when the extract was applied at a concentration of 15% in the medium. P. variotii was compatible with most of the tested fungicides, and of the 24 fungicides tested at the maximum authorised dose, 6 acted as fungicides, 4 as fungistatics, and the remaining showed inhibition rates ranging from 18.2% to 95.8%. These results indicate that P. variotii is a potential biological control agent to be used against several aerial and soil diseases, thus it should be integrated into modern pest management strategies.

Download Full-text

1002: Long Term Outcomes for Patients with High Volume Retroperitoneal Teratoma Undergoing Post Chemotherapy Surgery

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)31230-8 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 177 (4S) ◽

pp. 331-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen D.W. Beck ◽

Richard S. Foster ◽

Richard Bihrle ◽

John P. Donohue

Keyword(s):

High Volume ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Retroperitoneal Teratoma

Download Full-text

23: High Volume Hospitals do not have Better Long Term Outcomes Following Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)32290-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 175 (4S) ◽

pp. 8-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brent K. Hollenbeck ◽

Yongliang Wei ◽

John D. Birkmeyer

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

High Volume ◽

Long Term Outcomes

Download Full-text

Petroclival meningiomas: long-term outcomes of multimodal treatments and management strategies based on 30 years of experience at a single institution

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.2.jns182604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 1675-1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jin Wook Kim ◽

Hee-Won Jung ◽

Yong Hwy Kim ◽

Chul-Kee Park ◽

Hyun-Tai Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Treatment ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Local Tumor Control ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Years Of Experience ◽

Local Tumor ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Single Institution ◽

Petroclival Meningiomas

OBJECTIVEA thorough investigation of the long-term outcomes and chronological changes of multimodal treatments for petroclival meningiomas is required to establish optimal management strategies. The authors retrospectively reviewed the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with petroclival meningioma according to various treatments, including various surgical approaches, and they suggest treatment strategies based on 30 years of experience at a single institution.METHODSNinety-two patients with petroclival meningiomas were treated surgically at the authors’ institution from 1986 to 2015. Patient demographics, overall survival, local tumor control rates, and functional outcomes according to multimodal treatments, as well as chronological change in management strategies, were evaluated. The mean clinical and radiological follow-up periods were 121 months (range 1–368 months) and 105 months (range 1–348 months), respectively.RESULTSA posterior transpetrosal approach was most frequently selected and was followed in 44 patients (48%); a simple retrosigmoid approach, undertaken in 30 patients, was the second most common. The initial extent of resection and following adjuvant treatment modality were classified into 3 subgroups: gross-total resection (GTR) only in 13 patients; non-GTR treatment followed by adjuvant radiosurgery or radiation therapy (non-GTR+RS/RT) in 56 patients; and non-GTR without adjuvant treatment (non-GTR only) in 23 patients. The overall progression-free survival rate was 85.8% at 5 years and 81.2% at 10 years. Progression or recurrence rates according to each subgroup were 7.7%, 12.5%, and 30.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ preferred multimodal treatment strategy, that of planned incomplete resection and subsequent adjuvant radiosurgery, is a feasible option for the management of patients with large petroclival meningiomas, considering both local tumor control and postoperative quality of life.

Download Full-text

EVALUATION OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR CONTROL OF CLUBROOT OF CABBAGE USING BAREROOT AND PLUG TRANSPLANTS OF TWO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.607b ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 607b-607

Author(s):

W. Tietjen ◽

P.J. Nitzsche ◽

W.P. Cowgill ◽

M.H. Maletta ◽

S.A. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Nonionic Surfactants ◽

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Severity Index ◽

Effective Control ◽

Disease Severity Index

`Market Prize' and `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea Var. capitata L.), transplanted as peat plug and bareroot plants into a field naturally infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae, Woronin, were treated immediately after planting with a liquid or a granular surfactant. APSA 80™, applied in transplant water, significantly reduced percent clubbing and disease severity index (DSI) compared to control treatments. Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™ did not significantly reduce percent clubbing or DSI. There was a significant effect of cultivar on percent clubbing and DSI. There was no significant effect of transplant type on percent clubbing or DSI. This year's study culminates five years of investigation of surfactants for clubroot control. Specific surfactants have proven to be an effective control of clubroot in cabbage. Chemical names used: nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (APSA 80™); alpha-alkanoic-hydro omega-hydroxy poly (oxyethylene) (Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™).

Download Full-text

Formulating Industry-Academic Collaborations That Work: Best Practices to Ensure a Strong Relationship After the Agreements are Signed

Technology & Innovation ◽

10.21300/21.2.2020.169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 169-177

Author(s):

Michael B. Dilling ◽

Anne C. DiSante ◽

Ross Durland ◽

Christine E. Flynn ◽

Leonid Metelitsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Best Practices ◽

Product Development ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Governance Structure ◽

Collaborative Relationships ◽

Skill Sets ◽

Pragmatic Aspects

Collaborations between academia and industry are growing in scope, duration, and sophistication. The best collaborations recognize the unique strengths and skill sets of both parties and are structured to leverage what each party does best. In many cases, these collaborations develop into long-term relationships, and it is important to develop the systems and structures needed to support these relationships to ensure that they meet the needs of both sides. Successful collaborations require the formulation of a governance structure to facilitate communication, decision-making, assessment of progress, and the inevitable changes of direction that accompany product development. This panel explored the pragmatic aspects of successfully structuring collaborations and managing the relationships after the deal is done. Several dominant themes associated with successful collaborative relationships emerged from the discussion, and these will be explored in this article.

Download Full-text