The neuro-inflammasome in Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral stroke
Aim/Background: This study investigated patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who were treated with 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as a neuro-inflammasome competitor according to the 2018 'NIA-AA Research Framework' to differentiate neuro-psychiatric symptoms from drug side effects. Methods: According to the diagnostic criteria of AD, the Seoul study analysed AD and anti-AD drugs (AADs) in the EDI database of the Sorokdo National Hospital archived from January 2005 to June 2020 and searched using the ICD-9 and 10 codes. Numeric clinical staging (NCS) was determined by managing the AD symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by AADs with a new biomarker, (D). We report related cases of cerebral infarction and the function of DDS as a neuro-inflammasome competitor in the Seoul study. Results: DDS acts as a neuro-inflammasome competitor; this effect can be inferred by comparing the prevalence of AD in patients who have been prescribed DDS and those who have not. By the introduction of (D), the progression of AD was monitored through NCS staging; AAD side effects and neuropsychiatric symptoms were distinguished and treated with DDS. AD can occasionally be exacerbated by AADs, and mild cognitive impairment can be alleviated by DDS. We clinically confirmed the role of DDS as a neuro-inflammasome competitor before and after cerebral infarcts in the Seoul study. Conclusions: DDS acts as a blocker of canonical/non-canonical ubiquitylation; NLRP3 inflammasome formation; Higgins’ cascade; and iron-rich, strongly magnetic nanoparticles released by the splitting of red blood cells. (D) can be used to guide the prevention and treatment of AD with DDS. This study demonstrates the use of NCS and neuro-inflammation treatment as a preventive and therapeutic method for AD.