scholarly journals Developing a control framework for self-adjusting prosthetic sockets incorporating tissue injury risk estimation and Generalized Predictive Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence M Mbithi ◽  
Joshua Steer ◽  
Andrew J Chipperfield ◽  
Alexander Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Generalized Predictive Control ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Interfacial Pressure

Purpose: To perform activities of daily living (ADL), people with lower limb amputation depend on the prosthetic socket for stability and proprioceptive feedback. Poorly fitting sockets can cause discomfort, pain, limb tissue injuries, limited device usage, and potential rejection. Semi-passively controlled adjustable socket technologies exist, but these depend upon the user’s perception to determine safe interfacial pressure levels. This paper presents a framework for automatic control of an adjustable transtibial prosthetic socket that enables active adaptation of residuum-socket interfacial loading through localized actuators, based on soft tissue injury risk estimation. Method: Using finite element analysis, local interfacial pressure vs. compressive tissue strain relationships were estimated for three anatomical actuator locations, for tissue injury risk assessment within a control structure. Generalized Predictive Control of multiple actuators was implemented to maintain interfacial pressure within estimated safe and functional limits. Results: Controller simulation predicted satisfactory dynamic performance in several scenarios, based on previous related studies. Actuation rates of 0.06 – 1.51kPa/s with 0.67% maximum overshoot, and 0.75 – 1.58kPa/s were estimated for continuous walking, and for a demonstrative loading sequence of ADL, respectively. Conclusion: The developed platform could be useful for extending recent efforts in adjustable lower limb prosthetic socket design, particularly for individuals with residuum sensory impairment.

scholarly journals COL5A1 gene variants previously associated with reduced soft tissue injury risk are associated with elite athlete status in rugby

BMC Genomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (S8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Heffernan ◽  
Liam P. Kilduff ◽  
Robert M. Erskine ◽  
Stephen H. Day ◽  
Georgina K. Stebbings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Gene Variants

Training Load and Injury Risk in Elite Rugby Union: The Largest Investigation to Date

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. West ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
Dario Cazzola ◽  
Simon Kemp ◽  
Matthew J. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTraining load monitoring has grown in recent years with the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) widely used to aggregate data to inform decision-making on injury risk. Several methods have been described to calculate the ACWR and numerous methodological issues have been raised. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the ACWR and injury in a sample of 696 players from 13 professional rugby clubs over two seasons for 1718 injuries of all types and a further analysis of 383 soft tissue injuries specifically. Of the 192 comparisons undertaken for both injury groups, 40% (all injury) and 31% (soft tissue injury) were significant. Furthermore, there appeared to be no calculation method that consistently demonstrated a relationship with injury. Some calculation methods supported previous work for a “sweet spot” in injury risk, while a substantial number of methods displayed no such relationship. This study is the largest to date to have investigated the relationship between the ACWR and injury risk and demonstrates that there appears to be no consistent association between the two. This suggests that alternative methods of training load aggregation may provide more useful information, but these should be considered in the wider context of other established risk factors.

scholarly journals Developing an Analogue Residual Limb for Comparative DVC Analysis of Transtibial Prosthetic Socket Designs

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3955
Author(s):  
Kathryn Rankin ◽  
Joshua Steer ◽  
Joshua Paton ◽  
Mark Mavrogordato ◽  
Alexander Marter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Strain Estimation ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Personalised prosthetic sockets are fabricated by expert clinicians in a skill- and experience-based process, with research providing tools to support evidence-based practice. We propose that digital volume correlation (DVC) may offer a deeper understanding of load transfer from prosthetic sockets into the residual limb, and tissue injury risk. This study’s aim was to develop a transtibial amputated limb analogue for volumetric strain estimation using DVC, evaluating its ability to distinguish between socket designs. A soft tissue analogue material was developed, comprising silicone elastomer and sand particles as fiducial markers for image correlation. The material was cast to form an analogue residual limb informed by an MRI scan of a person with transtibial amputation, for whom two polymer check sockets were produced by an expert prosthetist. The model was micro-CT scanned according to (i) an unloaded noise study protocol and (ii) a case study comparison between the two socket designs, loaded to represent two-legged stance. The scans were reconstructed to give 108 µm voxels. The DVC noise study indicated a 64 vx subvolume and 50% overlap, giving better than 0.32% strain sensitivity, and ~3.5 mm spatial resolution of strain. Strain fields induced by the loaded sockets indicated tensile, compressive and shear strain magnitudes in the order of 10%, with a high signal:noise ratio enabling distinction between the two socket designs. DVC may not be applicable for socket design in the clinical setting, but does offer critical 3D strain information from which existing in vitro and in silico tools can be compared and validated to support the design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets, and enhance the biomechanical understanding of the load transfer between the limb and the prosthesis.

Adaptive nonlinear generalized predictive control for hypersonic vehicle with unknown parameters and control constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Tang ◽  
Ruiyun Qi ◽  
Bin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Hypersonic Vehicle ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Generalized Predictive Control ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Adaptive Parameter ◽  
Boundedness Problem ◽  
And Control

In this article, an adaptive nonlinear generalized predictive controller is developed for the hypersonic vehicle with unknown parameter uncertainties and control surface constraints. A nominal controller based on generalized predictive control is first developed for the nominal longitudinal model. Considering the complicated practical flying environment and outer unknown disturbances, a parametric longitudinal dynamics model of the hypersonic vehicle is constructed. Then, an adaptive parameter estimation method is proposed to update the unknown controller parameters and parameter projection is applied to solve the control singularity and the parameter boundedness problem. Control surface is restricted to deflect in a range. To satisfy the above constraint, the predictive time should be selected appropriately. Through a large number of simulation experiments, the suitable ranges of the predictive time under different commands are given. All closed-loop signals are guaranteed to be bounded. And simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

scholarly journals SPORTS INJURY AND REHABILITATION OF LOWER LIMB SOFT TISSUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 804-806
Author(s):  
Zhilin Zhu ◽  
Yuanyuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Herbal

ABSTRACT Introduction: the assessment and proper management of lower extremity soft tissue injury is very important. Because the mechanism and clinical manifestations of lower extremity soft tissue injury are varied, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment based on the specific situation of the patient. Objective: To explore the mechanism and rehabilitation methods of lower limb soft tissue sports injury. Methods: In clinical practice, external application of Chinese herbal medicine combined with cold compresses, massage, pot dipping, hot immersion irradiation and other methods were used. Results: The self-made Chinese herbal medicine external ointment, swelling and pain relieving Chinese herbal medicine wine combined with electromagnetic wave therapy instrument is one of the commonly used and effective methods to treat sports injury of lower extremity soft tissue in health care experimental centers. It has the most remarkable effect on local burning, stasis, swelling and pain caused by the soft tissue injury of various lower limbs in various parts of the human body. Conclusions: Timely functional rehabilitation training after sports injury can promote the functional healing and rehabilitation of the body after injury, maintaining the good functional state of each organ system of the body. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

scholarly journals A Prospective Comparative Study of serratiopeptidase and aceclofenac in Upper and Lower Limb Soft Tissue Trauma Cases

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Richa Garg
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
To Receive

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of serratiopeptidase and aceclofenac in reducing swelling and pain following soft tissue injury. This study included 100 patients with soft tissue injury to upper limb, lower limb or both. They were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each to receive serratiopeptidase and aceclofenac. Evaluation of efficacy was made using tape measurement (for swelling), and visual analogue scale (for pain) on day 0, week 1and week 2. Serratiopeptidase showed significant anti-inflammatory effect and mild analgesic effect. None of the patient was required to be put on another analgesic or any alteration in treatment. Aceclofenac showed superior analgesic effect as compared to serratiopeptidase. Mild to moderate adverse effects were reported. The most common adverse effect reported was dyspepsia. All were mild and did not require any alteration or discontinuation of treatment.

scholarly journals Discomfort/Pain and Tissue Oxygenation at the Lower Limb During Circumferential Compression: Application to Soft Exoskeleton Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjasa Kermavnar ◽  
Kevin J. O’Sullivan ◽  
Adam de Eyto ◽  
Leonard W. O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Exoskeleton Design

Objective To establish the relationship between circumferential compression on the lower limb during simulated ramp and staircase profile loading, and the resultant relationship with discomfort/pain and tissue oxygenation. Background Excessive mechanical loading by exoskeletons on the body can lead to pressure-related soft tissue injury. Potential tissue damage is associated with objective oxygen deprivation and accompanied by subjective perception of pain and discomfort. Method Three widths of pneumatic cuffs were inflated at the dominant thigh and calf of healthy participants using two inflation patterns (ramp and staircase), using a computer-controlled pneumatic rig. Participants rated discomfort on an electronic visual analog scale and deep tissue oxygenation was monitored using near infrared spectroscopy. Results Circumferential compression with pneumatic cuffs triggered discomfort and pain at lower pressures at the thigh, with wider cuffs, and with a ramp inflation pattern. Staircase profile compression caused an increase in deep tissue oxygenation, whereas the ramp profile compression decreased it. Conclusion Discomfort and pain during circumferential compression at the lower limb is related to the width of pneumatic cuffs, the inflation pattern, and the volume of soft tissue at the assessment site. The occurrence of pain is also possibly related to the decrease in deep tissue oxygenation during compression. Application Our findings can be used to inform safe and comfortable design of soft exoskeletons to avoid discomfort and possible soft tissue injury.

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