scholarly journals THREE DIMENSIONAL CITY BUILDING MODELLINGWITH LIDAR DATA (CASE STUDY: CIWARUGA, BANDUNG)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketut Wikantika
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Metropolitan Cities

As one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia, Bandung has many kinds of existing buildings. According to that fact, LIDAR or Light Detection and Ranging technology can be used to create good and accurate urban planning system needed to see spreading of existing building. It is used because it scans the area quickly and accurately. In addition, Orthophoto is used to increase the accuracy of the information from the model. These data will be processed into surface model and three-dimensional building model. The coverage area of this study is 222 hectare with 678 are the building blocks. As a result, model is divided into three categories based on the size and distance of proximity between one building to another. From the results, 250 buildings model which are in category A and B can be modeled very well and the rest of the category C it was unable to create a good building model or fracture appears on the model due to the building blocks of those area are too dense.

Maximizing sustainability of existing buildings within limited upgrade budgets

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moatassem Abdallah ◽  
Boateng Akyeampong ◽  
Khaled El-Rayes
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Certification Programs ◽  
Green Certification ◽  
Selection Of

Existing buildings, especially aging ones, are currently in urgent need of upgrading to improve their performance and potentially achieve green certification. Building owners often need to identify and implement building upgrades that maximize the sustainability of their buildings as well as achieve green certification programs such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). This paper presents the development of an optimization model that maximizes the number of earned LEED points for existing buildings within a specified upgrade budget. A case study of an existing building is used to demonstrate the use of the optimization model and illustrate its capabilities. This research presents new methodology for optimizing the selection of building upgrades to maximize the sustainability of existing buildings and achieve green certification within limited budgets. The present model is expected to support decision-makers, building owners and operators, building managers, and contractors to optimize the use of their upgrade budgets and maximize sustainability of their buildings.

scholarly journals Considerations for post-processing parameters in mixed-method 3-D analyses: A Mesolithic mandibular case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Selden ◽  
lauren butaric ◽  
Kersten Bergstrom ◽  
Dennis Van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Smoothing Parameters ◽  
Ct Data

The production of three-dimensional (3-D) digital meshes of surface and computed tomographic (CT) data has become widespread in morphometric analyses of anthropological and archaeological data. Given that processing methods are not standardised, this leaves questions regarding the comparability of processed and digitally curated 3-D datasets. The goal of this study was to identify those processing parameters that result in the most consistent fit between CT-derived meshes and a 3-D surface model of the same human mandible. Eight meshes, each using unique thresholding and smoothing parameters, were compared to assess whole-object deviations, deviations along curves, and deviations between specific anatomical features on the surface model when compared with the CT scans using a suite of \textit{comparison points}. Based on calculated gap distances, the mesh thresholded at "0" with an applied smoothing technique was found to deviate least from the surface model; although, it is not the most biologically accurate. Results have implications for aggregated studies that employ multi-modal 3-D datasets, and caution is recommended for studies that enlist 3-D data from websites and digital repositories, particularly if processing parameters are unknown or derived for studies with different research foci.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Milling Pavement Surface Using 3D Line Laser Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bing Hui ◽  
Mu Guo ◽  
Xiaofang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Milled Surface ◽  
Surface Assessment

To ensure that a regular milled surface texture provides good bonding without residual distress, a new specification of milling surface assessment has been established for quantitatively evaluating the milled surface quality. This research explores the possibility of using three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technology to develop an algorithm to obtain a milled surface model that can measure evaluating indicators, milling depth and texture depth, and identify poorly milled areas. A case study was conducted by using a laser scanning vehicular system to collect 3D continuous pavement transverse profiles data in a 500 m long segment of Highway S107. The results show that the proposed method is very promising and can measure the milling depth and texture depth to effectively and quantitatively differentiate between good- (milling depth between 47 mm and 53 mm and texture depth exceeding 2 mm) and poor-quality work. Moreover, the poorly milled areas such as those with residual distress and unmilled areas that will lead to premature failure can also be identified using the proposed method. The proposed method can effectively support remilling work and ensure the quality of the overlay pavement.

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Densification Strategies: The Kallithea District in Athens as a Pilot Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9462
Author(s):  
Annarita Ferrante ◽  
Anastasia Fotopoulou ◽  
Cecilia Mazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
European Policies

The current main issue in the construction sector in Europe concerns the energy refurbishment and the reactivation of investments in existing buildings. Guidance for enhancing energy efficiency and encouraging member states to create a market for deep renovation is provided by a number of European policies. Innovative methods and strategies are required to attract and involve citizens and main stakeholders to undertake buildings’ renovation processes, which actually account for just 1% of the total building stock. This contribution proposes technical and financial solutions for the promotion of energy efficient, safe, and attractive retrofit interventions based on the creation of volumetric additions combined with renewable energy sources. This paper focuses on the urban reality of Athens as being an important example of a degraded urban center with a heavy heat island, a quite important heating demand, and a strong seismic vulnerability. The design solutions presented here demonstrate that the strategy of additions, because of the consequent increased value of the buildings, could represent an effective densification policy for the renovation of existing urban settings. Hence, the aim is to trigger regulatory and market reforms with the aim to boost the revolution towards nearly zero energy buildings for the existing building stocks.

scholarly journals Metastability relationship between two- and three-dimensional crystal structures: a case study of the Cu-based compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Ono
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Metallic Element ◽  
Computational Materials ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Dimensional Crystal

AbstractSome of the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structures are constructed by stacking two-dimensional (2D) layers. To study whether this geometric concept, i.e., using 2D layers as building blocks for 3D structures, can be applied to computational materials design, we theoretically investigate the dynamical stability of copper-based compounds CuX (a metallic element X) in the B$$_h$$ h and L1$$_1$$ 1 structures constructed from the buckled honeycomb (BHC) structure and in the B2 and L1$$_0$$ 0 structures constructed from the buckled square (BSQ) structure. We demonstrate that (i) if CuX in the BHC structure is dynamically stable, those in the B$$_h$$ h and L1$$_1$$ 1 structures are also stable. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we particularly show that CuAu in the B$$_h$$ h and L1$$_1$$ 1 structures withstand temperatures as high as 1000 K. Although the interrelationship of the metastability between the BSQ and the 3D structures (B2 and L1$$_0$$ 0 ) is not clear, we find that (ii) if CuX in the B2 (L1$$_0$$ 0 ) structure is dynamically stable, that in the L1$$_0$$ 0 (B2) is unstable. This is rationalized by the tetragonal Bain path calculations.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY OF EXISTING BUILDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peteris Drukis ◽  
Līga Gaile ◽  
Vadims Goremikins
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Starting Point

– Structural reliability of buildings has become an important issue after the collapse of a shopping centre in Riga 21.11.2013, caused the death of 54 people. The reliability of a building is the practice of designing, constructing, operating, maintaining and removing buildings in ways that ensure maintained health, ward suffered injuries or death due to use of the building. Evaluation and improvement of existing buildings is becoming more and more important. For a large part of existing buildings, the design life has been reached or will be reached in the near future. The structures of these buildings need to be reassessed in order to find out whether the safety requirements are met. The safety requirements provided by the Eurocodes are a starting point for the assessment of safety. However, it would be uneconomical to require all existing buildings and structures to comply fully with these new codes and corresponding safety levels, therefore the assessment of existing buildings differs with each design situation. This case study describes the simple and practical procedure of determination of minimal reliability index β of existing steel structures designed by different codes than Eurocodes and allows to reassess the actual safety level of different structural elements of existing buildings under design load.

scholarly journals Valuation of Ecological Retrofitting Technology in Existing Buildings: A Real-World Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7001
Author(s):  
Domenico Enrico Massimo ◽  
Vincenzo Del Giudice ◽  
Alessandro Malerba ◽  
Carlo Bernardo ◽  
Mariangela Musolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Real World ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Block Level ◽  
The Cost

The world’s existing buildings are aged, in a state of deterioration and in need of interventions. When selecting the type of possible intervention to be applied, the choice falls between two alternatives: simple unsustainable ordinary maintenance versus ecological retrofitting i.e., an increase in the quality of the indoor environment and building energy saving using local bio-natural materials and products. The present research seeks to respond to the requests of recent comprehensive reviews which ask for the retrofitting of the world’s huge existing building stocks and portfolios by proposing an approach and testing it in a specific case study (at the unit, building and urban block level) which can then be carried out and repeated in the future on a larger urban scale. The real-world experimentation in the provided case study achieved the important outcome and goal of a Green Building strategy and post-carbon city framework i.e., the significant enhancement of the thermal performance of the buildings as a result of a few targeted key external works and the consequent saving of energy in those already existing (but not preserved and not included in the state national register or record of monuments) Liberty-style constructions. All the above show that these important existing buildings can be ecologically retrofitted at an affordable cost, although initially slightly more expensive than the cost of ordinary unsustainable maintenance. However, this difference is offset by the favorable pay-back period, which is fast, acceptable and of short duration. The tried and tested approach, the positive proposed case study and the experimental database-GIS joint platform (the details of which can be found in an additional supplementary research which is currently being carried out) are the bases on which a future decision support system will be proposed. This support system can be carried out as a tailor- made solution for the ecological retrofitting of the enormous existing building stocks and portfolios which must be considered on a larger scale i.e., at ward, quartier, city, regional and country level.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional urban solar potential maps: Case study of the i-Scope Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragutin Protic ◽  
Milan Kilibarda ◽  
Marina Nenkovic-Riznic ◽  
Ivan Nestorov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Scope Project

Solar maps as web cartographic products that provide information on solar potential of surfaces on the Earth have been exploited in decision making, awareness raising, and promoting the use of solar energy. Web based solar maps of cities have become popular services as the use of solar energy is especially attractive in urban environments. The article discusses the concept and aspects of urban solar potential maps on the example of the i-Scope project as a case study. The i-Scope roof solar potential service built on 3-D urban information models was piloted in eight European cities. To obtain precise data on solar irradiation, a good quality digital surface model is required. A cost efficient innovative method for generation of digital surface model from stereophotogrammetry for urban areas where no advanced source data (e. g. LiDAR) exist is developed. The method works for flat, shed and gable roofs and provides sufficient accuracy of digital surface model .

Assessing determinants of sustainable upgrade of existing buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-292
Author(s):  
John Dadzie ◽  
Goran Runeson ◽  
Grace Ding
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
Main Components

Purpose Estimates show that close to 90% of the buildings we will need in 2050 are already built and occupied. The increase in the existing building stock has affected energy consumption thereby negatively impacting the environment. The purpose of this paper is to assess determinants of sustainable upgrade of existing buildings through the adoption and application of sustainable technologies. The study also ranks sustainable technologies adopted by the professionals who participated in the survey with an in-built case study. Design/methodology/approach As part of the overall methodology, a detailed literature review on the nature and characteristics of sustainable upgrade and the sustainable technologies adopted was undertaken. A survey questionnaire with an in-built case study was designed to examine all the sustainable technologies adopted to improve energy consumption in Australia. The survey was administered to sustainability consultants, architects, quantity surveyors, facility managers and engineers in Australia. Findings The results show a total of 24 technologies which are mostly adopted to improve energy consumption in existing buildings. A factor analysis shows the main components as: lighting and automation, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HAVC) systems and equipment, envelope, renewable energy and passive technologies. Originality/value The findings bridge the gap in the literature on the adoption and application of sustainable technologies to upgrade existing buildings. The technologies can be adopted to reduce the excessive energy consumption patterns in existing buildings.

scholarly journals A multi-dimensional spatial policy model for large-scale multi-municipal Swiss contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832098585
Author(s):  
Michael Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Almost All

Switzerland’s widely adopted spatial policy rejects the use of new land in favour of promoting the densification of existing buildings or brownfield developments. However, to date there has not been an assessment of the volumetric building reserves that are still available within the current building regulatory framework. This paper addresses this lacuna using a case study of the agglomeration of Lausanne. An automated spatial policy model with particular focus on building density and its volume in residential and mixed-use areas allows for building policy to be quantified, assessed and evaluated on a countrywide scale since it takes the location of the building lot into consideration and cross-references it with the correct building regulation. Three-dimensional comparison allows us to identify whether the maximum volume permitted under the building regulation is greater than the current existing building volume. For the test case, spatial policy model identified 38 hectares of available square metres for densification (‘building surplus’ in the context of existing buildings, either in the form of extending existing buildings or infill development) and 93 hectares of square metres available for new developments (brownfield development of vacant or derelict open land) of residential and mixed-use buildings. At the same time, almost all areas are allocated beyond Lausanne’s inner-city boundaries.

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