scholarly journals The origin and early evolution of arthropods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Aria
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns And Processes

The rise of arthropods is a decisive event in the history of life. Likely the first animals to have established themselves on land and in the air, arthropods have pervaded nearly all ecosystems and have become pillars of the planet’s ecological networks. Forerunners of this epopee, exceptionally-preserved Palaeozoic fossils recently discovered or re-discovered thanks to new approaches and techniques have elucidated the precocious appearance of extant lineages at the onset of the Cambrian explosion, and pointed to the critical role of the plankton and hard integuments in early arthropod diversification. Despite new interpretative challenges, phylogenetic advances based on palaeontological evidence open the prospect of finally using the full potential of the most diverse animal phylum to investigate macroevolutionary patterns and processes.

Friends of Rose Canyon

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
Grassroots Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
University City ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
The Rose

Place-based activism has played a critical role in the history of urban and environmental politics in California. This article explores the continuing significance of environmental place making to grassroots politics through a case study of Friends of Rose Canyon, an environmental group in San Diego. Based in the fast-growing University City neighborhood, Friends of Rose Canyon waged a long, successful campaign between 2002 and 2018 to prevent construction of a bridge in the Rose Canyon Open Space Park in their community. Using historical and participant observer methodologies, this study reveals how twenty-first-century California urbanites claimed and created meaningful local places and mobilized effective politics around them. It illuminates the critical role of individual activists; suggests practical, replicable strategies for community mobilization; and demonstrates the significant impact of local activism at the urban and metropolitan scales.

scholarly journals CHEK2∗1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hale ◽  
Maren Weischer ◽  
Jong Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer.CHEK2plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, ofCHEK2on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussedCHEK2∗1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23–3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78–6.47) for familial cases, indicating thatCHEK2∗1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2∗1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Soul and psyche: The Bible in psychological perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Psyche

During the last third of the twentieth century a discipline that applies psychological and psychoanalytic insight to the study of the Bible, has resurfaced within biblical studies. In his book, Soul and Psyche, Wayne Rollins offers a psychological biblical approach as one of the new approaches to Scripture since the 1960’s. This approach tends to bring a renewed appreciation for the role of the human psyche or soul in the history of the Bible and its interpretation.

The Carnegie Uaxactun Project and the Development of Maya Archaeology

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Carnegie Institution ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Maya Archaeology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maya Area

AbstractThe Carnegie Institution of Washington's 1924–1937. Uaxactun Project, one of the first large-scale excavations in the Maya area, established the role of dirt archaeology in Maya studies. The archaeologists who worked on this pioneering project developed many field methods and approaches that remain in use today. A review of the project and of the careers of its participants shows the critical role the Carnegie Uaxactun Project has played in the history of Maya archaeology.

scholarly journals GPIHBP1 C89F Neomutation and Hydrophobic C-Terminal Domain G175R Mutation in Two Pedigrees with Severe Hyperchylomicronemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. E1675-E1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybil Charrière ◽  
Noël Peretti ◽  
Sophie Bernard ◽  
Mathilde Di Filippo ◽  
Agnès Sassolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Apoa5 Gene ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
History Of ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Signal Peptide Polymorphism

Abstract Context: GPIHBP1 is a new endothelial binding site for lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the key enzyme for intravascular lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL). We have identified two new missense mutations of the GPIHBP1 gene, C89F and G175R, by systematic sequencing in a cohort of 376 hyperchylomicronemic patients without mutations on the LPL, APOC2, or APOA5 gene. Objective: Phenotypic expression and functional consequences of these two mutations were studied. Design: We performed clinical and genotypic studies of probands and their families. GPIHBP1 functional alterations were studied in CHO pgsA-745 transfected cells. Results: Probands are an adult with a homozygous G175R mutation and a child with a hemizygous C89F neomutation and a deletion of the second allele. C89F mutation was associated with a C14F signal peptide polymorphism on the same haplotype. Both patients had resistant hyperchylomicronemia, low LPL activity, and history of acute pancreatitis. In CHO pgsA-745 cells, both G175R and C14F variants reduce the expression of GPIHBP1 at the cell surface. C89F mutation is responsible for a drastic LPL-binding defect to GPIHBP1. C14F may further potentiate C89F effect. Conclusions: The emergence of hyperchylomicronemia in the generation after a neomutation further establishes a critical role for GPIHBP1 in TGRL physiopathology in humans. Our results highlight the crucial role of C65-C89 disulfide bond in LPL binding by GPIHBP1 Ly6 domain. Furthermore, we first report a mutation of the hydrophobic C-terminal domain that impairs GPIHBP1 membrane targeting.

scholarly journals Dust formation history of galaxies: A critical role of metallicity dust mass growth by accreting materials in the interstellar medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke S. Asano ◽  
Tsutomu T. Takeuchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirashita ◽  
Akio K. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dust Formation ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Dust Mass ◽  
History Of

A History of Bodies

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Annette Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter explores the development of pedagogical choices and historical practice via familial and professional mentorship. Rodríguez argues for the critical role of mentorship for the development of women in the historical profession. Naming her work “a history of the gaps,” she discusses widening the definition of historical actors as well as subjects of historical analysis. As an example, the chapter points to the continuum of women acting against racist violence, documenting, analyzing, and historicizing racist violence—against previously masculinist narratives. Demonstrating a “history of the gaps,” Rodríguez’s chapter concludes with the testimonies of Mexican and Mexican American women whose X marks confirmed anti-Mexican murders at the turn of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Extraordinary fossils reveal the nature of Cambrian life: a commentary on Whittington (1975) ‘The enigmatic animal Opabinia regalis , Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia’

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1666) ◽  
pp. 20140313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Critical Interval ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
History Of ◽  
350Th Anniversary

Harry Whittington's 1975 monograph on Opabinia was the first to highlight how some of the Burgess Shale animals differ markedly from those that populate today's oceans. Categorized by Stephen J. Gould as a ‘weird wonder’ ( Wonderful life , 1989) Opabinia , together with other unusual Burgess Shale fossils, stimulated ongoing debates about the early evolution of the major animal groups and the nature of the Cambrian explosion. The subsequent discovery of a number of other exceptionally preserved fossil faunas of Cambrian and early Ordovician age has significantly augmented the information available on this critical interval in the history of life. Although Opabinia initially defied assignment to any group of modern animals, it is now interpreted as lying below anomalocaridids on the stem leading to the living arthropods. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

Building the Black Arts Movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fenderson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Black Arts Movement ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Black Arts ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Creative Artists

This book is the first to document and analyze Hoyt Fuller’s profound influence on the Black Arts movement. Using historical snapshots of Fuller’s life and activism as a means to rethink the period, Building the Black Arts Movement provides a fresh take on the general trajectory of African American literary (and cultural) studies as the field developed over the course of two explosive decades in the mid-twentieth century. The book argues that the Black Arts movement can be understood as a pivotal and volatile moment in the long history of America’s culture wars. Moreover, by shifting our focus from creative artists and repositioning Fuller at the center of the movement--as one of its most underappreciated architects--the book grants new insights into the critical role of editorial work, the international dimensions of the movement, the complexities of sexuality, and the challenges of Black institution building during the 1960s and ’70s.

scholarly journals Angiographic Review of Choroidal Involution in Eyes with Retinopathy of Prematurity Treated with Bevacizumab

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Islam ◽  
Lorick Andersen ◽  
Swati Agarwal-Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Retinal Function ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is considered a disease of the inner retina; however, there is increasing evidence that demonstrates choroidal vasculature loss in ROP, leading to degeneration of outer retinal function and visual deterioration. Central choroidal thinning is noted in children with history of ROP using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. This study characterizes the presence and persistence of choroidal loss angiographically in eyes of infants treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for stage 3 ROP. Methods: Retrospectively reviewed the fluorescein angiography (FA) images of 62 eyes of 31 infants treated with IVB monotherapy. The eyes with good quality early-, mid-, and late-phase imaging were included in this study. The presence of choroidal hypofluoresence involving the central and or peripheral retina were noted. In infants with multiple FAs, serial FAs were analyzed for persistence of choroidal hypofluorescence. Results: The mean age and birth weight of infants was 24.4 weeks PMA and 683 grams, respectively. All infants received IVB monotherapy. 24 of 62 angiography images of sufficient quality reviewed showed the presence of choroidal hypofluorescence involving central and peripheral lobular loss in the early phase and its persistence into mid and late phases. 12 eyes demonstrated persistent choroidal loss on sequential FA until three years chronological age. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the presence of choroidal vascular loss angiographically both central and peripheral fundus in infants with ROP. It highlights the critical role of choroidal involution in outer retinal function that could affect visual outcomes.

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