Role of Pregaming Motives in Accounting for Links Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Drinking Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Elizabeth A. Edershile ◽  
Jonathan Hale ◽  
Trevor Williams ◽  
Leonard Simms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Drinking Consequences ◽  
Analytic Models

College students are at heightened risk of engaging in unhealthy alcohol use that leads to negative consequences (e.g., motor vehicle accidents, poor academic performance). Understanding how individual differences, like maladaptive personality traits, contribute to that risk could improve intervention efforts. A potential pathway through which personality confers risk for consequences is by influencing students’ motivation to drink. In this study of 441 college students, we investigated whether different motivations to pregame, a particularly risky and common drinking practice on college campuses, accounts for links between maladaptive traits and alcohol-related consequences. Results of bivariate analyses showed that all pregaming motives and maladaptive traits (except Detachment) were strongly correlated with negative consequences. In path analytic models that adjusted for shared variance between pregaming motives and between maladaptive traits, results showed that traits had indirect effects on total drinking consequences via individual differences in pregaming motives as well as direct effects that were independent of motives. Specifically, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Negative Affectivity predicted more drinking consequences via stronger motives to pregame for instrumental reasons over and above the general motivation to pregame whereas Detachment predicted fewer consequences via weaker instrumental pregaming motives. Antagonism and Disinhibition were also associated with more drinking consequences, and Detachment with fewer consequences, over and above pregaming motives and general personality problems. Our study indicates that one way maladaptive personality traits may shape alcohol-related consequences in college students is by associations with their motivations to pregame.

Psychological Masculinity and Femininity: Relationship to Striving and Self-Concept in the Achievement and Interpersonal Domains

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob L. Orlofsky ◽  
Jayne E. Stake
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Role Norms

The relative influences of gender and individual differences in psychological masculinity and femininity on the achievement and interpersonal strivings, abilities, and self-concepts of 176 male and female college students were investigated. The results indicate that psychological masculinity and femininity are better predictors of strivings and self-concepts in the achievement and interpersonal domains than gender. Only with respect to subjects' expected and ideal financial responsibilities, an area which is governed by strong societal sex role norms, does the influence of gender surpass that of psychological masculinity and femininity. The results are discussed in terms of the personality strengths and social competencies that derive from masculine and feminine personality traits.

scholarly journals Recognizing and Supporting Students with Mental Health Disorders: The REDFLAGS Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thomas Kalkbrenner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
College Counseling ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
College Counseling Center ◽  
College Counselors ◽  
Health Disorders

<p class="2M-body">The increasing prevalence of Mental Health Disorders (MHDs) and campus violence tragedies has called attention to the issue of MHDs on college campuses. The current article provides an overview of the prevalence and severity of MHDs among college students. In addition, a review of the most common MHDs on college campuses is included. Students with MHDs are at increased risks for a variety of negative consequences. Students who received treatment for MHDs reported a more positive daily functioning and demonstrated significantly higher retention rates. However, a large proportion of the students who are living with MHDs do not receive treatment. Furthermore, college counselors typically only interact with a small proportion of the students who are living with MHDs. Faculty members have more frequent interactions with students and are a valuable resource for recognizing students who are living with MHDs. The REDFLAGS Model, an acronym that identifies eight behavioral indicators of MHDs in students is introduced. A description of how educators can use the REDFLAGS Model as a tool for recognizing signs of MHDs in their students is described. It is not recommended that educators provide treatment for MHDs to their students. Rather, educators can use The REDFLAGS Model to recognize signs of MHDs in students and support them by making referrals to the college counseling center or to other resources. A resource list of mental health support services that are available for college students is included. The resource list can be customized to include resources at specific universities in particular geographic areas.</p>

scholarly journals Bystander Experiences at and after a Motor Vehicle Accident: A review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hall ◽  
Karen Wooton ◽  
Alison Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Health Policy Decision

Introduction To explore what was known about the experiences of bystanders both at the scene, and following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). Understanding these experiences will further elucidate the knowledge underpinning bystander’s action and their needs at the scene and in the hours, days, weeks and months following this event. Methods A search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MedLine (OVID) and Informit was undertaken using a combination of the keywords: bystander, first aid, motor vehicle accidents, car crash, car collision, lay people and witness. Thirteen articles met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. The World Wide Web (web) was subsequently searched in response to a gap in current research on bystanders’ experiences at and following a MVA. Systematic thematic coding was used in the extraction of patterns regarding bystander experiences during and after witnessing a MVA. Results In the exploration of bystanders’ experiences during and after attending a MVA this review confirmed the presence of physical, emotional, cognitive and situational factors associated with bystander responses. Bystanders demonstrated that their response behaviours were determined by the nature of the emergency and the severity of perceived injury. In addition, bystanders weighed up the costs of helping and many felt morally responsible to offer assistance. Although there were no studies of long-term negative consequences exemplars from the web provided insight into ongoing psychological affects for bystanders. Conclusion This thematic literature analysis demonstrated the need for further research into the experiences of bystanders both during and following an MVA. Understanding bystander assistance in emergencies will allow health policy decision-makers to address the needs of both potential bystanders and those of actual bystanders during and post event.

Assessing the Impact of Dispositional Resistance to Change on Organizational Attraction

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 798-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Arciniega ◽  
Adriana Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Social Cognitions ◽  
Organizational Attraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inherent Tendency

In recent years there has been an increasing interest among researchers and practitioners to analyze what makes a firm attractive in the eyes of university students, and if individual differences such as personality traits have an impact on this general affect towards a particular organization. The main goal of the present research is to demonstrate that a recently conceptualized narrow trait of personality nameddispositional resistance to change(RTC), that is, the inherent tendency of individuals to avoid and oppose changes (Oreg, 2003), can predict organizational attraction of university students to firms that are perceived as innovative or conservative. Three complementary studies were carried out using a total sample of 443 college students from Mexico. In addition to validating the hypotheses, our findings suggest that as the formation of the images of organizations in students' minds is done through social cognitions, simple stimuli such as physical artifacts, when used in an isolated manner, do not have a significant impact on organizational attraction.

scholarly journals Personality traits and negative consequences associated with binge drinking and marijuana use in college students

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. O’Leary ◽  
Douglas R. Langbehn ◽  
John R. Kramer ◽  
Samuel Kuperman ◽  
Lindsey A. Fuhrmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Negative Consequences

scholarly journals ‘You come back fighting. That’s what gives you the drive to achieve’: The extraordinary psychological construction of the super-rich in entertainment documentaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652110131
Author(s):  
Philippa Carr ◽  
Simon Goodman ◽  
Adam Jowett ◽  
Jackie Abell
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
General Public ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Psychological Concepts

Inequality in society is legitimised through the ‘meritocracy myth’ and existing research claims that the affluence of the super-rich is the result of their superior traits. Discursive Social Psychology examines the ways in which psychological concepts such as personality traits function in talk. This research explores how entertainment documentaries construct the traits of the super-rich to legitimise their wealth. A corpus of 41.5 hours of terrestrial UK televised broadcasts that used the term, ‘super-rich’ was analysed. This explored how wealthy individuals are presented as having superior psychological qualities compared to the general public in relation to their greater drive and resilience. However, wealthy individuals also talk about the development of superior traits as a response to adversity. Entertainment documentaries draw upon individualistic ideology to present wealth inequality as a natural consequence of individual differences and as a result, the current distribution of wealth is ‘just’ despite its negative consequences for all.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

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