scholarly journals Decision from Experience Behavior Modeling (DEBM): an open-source Python package for developing, evaluating, and visualizing behavioral models.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Yakobi ◽  
Yefim Roth
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Python Package

The last decade was characterized by an emphasis on enhancing reproducibility and replicability in the social sciences. To contribute to these efforts within the decision-making research field, we introduce DEBM (Decision from Experience Behavior Modeling) – an open-source Python package. The main goal of DEBM is to serve as a central colloberative pool of models and methods in the decision from experience domain. Specifically, it provides a convenient “playground” for developing models or experimenting with existing ones. DEBM includes many features such as multiprocessing, parameter estimation, visualization, and more. In this paper we cover the basic functionality of DEBM by simulating behavior using an existing model and given parameters, and recovering these parameters using grid search.

Opinion Dynamics

2013 ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Xia ◽  
Huili Wang ◽  
Zhaoguo Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Social

As a key sub-field of social dynamics and sociophysics, opinion dynamics utilizes mathematical and physical models and the agent-based computational modeling tools, to investigate the spreading of opinions in a collection of human beings. This research field stems from various disciplines in social sciences, especially the social influence models developed in social psychology and sociology. A multidisciplinary review is given in this paper, attempting to keep track of the historical development of the field and to shed light on its future directions. In the review, the authors discuss the disciplinary origins of opinion dynamics, showing that the combination of the social processes, which are conventionally studied in social sciences, and the analytical and computational tools, which are developed in mathematics, physics and complex system studies, gives birth to the interdisciplinary field of opinion dynamics. The current state of the art of opinion dynamics is then overviewed, with the research progresses on the typical models like the voter model, the Sznajd model, the culture dissemination model, and the bounded confidence model being highlighted. Correspondingly, the future directions of this academic field are envisioned, with an advocation for closer synthesis of the related disciplines.

Political Traditionalism in Nigeria: a Case-Study of Secret Societies and Dance Groups in Local Government

Africa ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Magid
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Secret Societies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Dance Groups

Opening ParagraphThe notion that rural political life is essentially traditional tribal in Africa and therefore scarcely relevant to modern decision-making at higher echelons of government has had a commanding influence in African studies. Associated with this viewpoint has been a tacit division of labour in the social sciences which emphasizes the pre-eminence of anthropology in the tribal domain and the pre-occupation of political science with macropolitics especially in the urban sphere. Happily, a younger generation of political scientists has emerged in recent years to challenge an essentially artificial arrangement.

scholarly journals Methods for Classification of Text Data: Can the Potential of Quantitative Analysis Be Applied to Qualitative Research?

Inter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Marina Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Analysis Of Results

Text mining has developed rapidly in recent years. In this article we compare classification methods that are suitable for solving problems of predicting item nonresponse. The author builds reasoning about how the analysis of textual data can be implemented in a wider research field based on this material. The author considers a number of metrics adapted for textual analysis in the social sciences: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and gives examples that can help a sociologist figure out which of them is worth paying attention depending on the task at hand (classify text data with equal accuracy, or more fully describe one of the classes of interest). The article proposes an analysis of results obtained by analyzing texts based on the materials of the European Social Survey (ESS).

scholarly journals Happiness Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Hallberg ◽  
Christopher Kullenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

This article is about the growth and establishment of the interdisciplinary research field ”Happiness Studies”. This article focuses on how research on happiness has become a quickly growing and successful field within western societies and what it says about both the social sciences and contemporary social order. The concept of co-production, as defined by Sheila Jasanoff, is used to show how science and society interact and influence each other. Hence, we show how happiness has become a significant topic for empirical studies and the way interdisciplinary research is intertwined with what is perceived as both challenging and worth striving for in society and culture.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Diagnoses: A Source of Immanent Value and Novelty

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marsha Rosengarten
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Sensory Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do So

Although the body is fundamental to observation and feeling, its experience of infection is regarded by the biomedical sciences and, for the most part, the social sciences as relatively obtuse. The body is situated as a mere object of inquiry, as if its intricate and highly complex dynamics indicate that it is no more than an imperfect animated machine and, concomitantly, infection simply a change to its normative mechanisms. In this Position Piece, I ask: what might be afforded to the problematic diagnosis of communicable infection and to global health strategies of containment if the body were appreciated as an active participant in diagnoses? To do so, I take up the ‘pluralist panpsychist’ proposition that bodies think. Counter to the view that thinking is the preserve of the human mind and that value is an ‘after’ ascribed to a given fact or situation, I experiment with the idea that the body’s sensory awareness can be thought as a creative source of immanent values. Drawing on a series of empirical examples primarily focused on the perceived novelty of COVID-19, I offer a preliminary sketch of how revaluing the body as involved in decision-making and novelty might enrich the scope of biomedical and social diagnoses.

scholarly journals Is Global Management of Anti-Global Warming Policies at All Feasible?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
The Social

Climate and earth scientists now predicting abrupt climate change never ask the social sciences whether large scale policy-making and international coordination, like the COP21 project, is all feasible. The message from policy analysis is that rational decision-making is a myth, as there is bound to be mistakes, confusion and opportunism in policy implementation. Is it better for each state to develop its own climate policy – the resilience option? However, when looking at energy planning by core states, one finds little of decarbonisation. Only Uruguay has good preparation for global warming. Abrupt climate change threatens numerous tipping points towards Hawking irreversibility. But the social sciences are skeptical about large scale policy implementation based upon comprehensively rational decision-making.

scholarly journals PLACING ACCOUNTING AMONG SCIENCES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Deju ◽  
Petrică Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Times

Framing accounting as a science has been carried out in close connection with the development of knowledge in this field and with the meaning given to this concept of “science”. Recognizing accounting as scientific field by specialists is due to the fact that it features a combination of accounting theory and methods for the development and application of these theories. Accounting is a scientific discipline in the social sciences because: it is a creation of the human being in response to practical needs; it reflects phenomena, activities and social facts; it addresses various groups of users (managers, bankers, shareholders, employees, tax bodies, etc.) which are an integral part of society; it offers information necessary to decision-making, most of the times with impact on the behaviour of individuals; it is influenced by the economic, social, legal and political environment, that is by social phenomena.

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