scholarly journals Generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in various age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Specific predictors and differences in symptoms severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gambin ◽  
Marcin Sekowski ◽  
Małgorzata Woźniak-Prus ◽  
Anna Wnuk ◽  
Tomasz Oleksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Household Members

Background. Previous studies carried out in different countries indicated that young adults experience higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than older age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about which epidemic-related difficulties and factors may contribute to these forms of emotional distress in various age groups. Purpose. The aim of the current study was to investigate: (i) differences in levels of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms, as well as perceived difficulties related to pandemic across four age groups in the Polish population; (ii) which factors and difficulties related to pandemic are predictors of generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in various age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Method. A total of 1115 participants (aged 18-85) took part in the study. The group was a representative sample of the Polish population in terms of sex, age, and place of residence. Participants completed online: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Scale of Perceived Health and Life Risk of COVID-19, Social Support Sale, Scale of Epidemic-Related Difficulties. Results. Younger age groups (18-29 and 30-44) experienced higher levels of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms than older adults (45-59 and 60-85 years). Difficulties in relationships and at home were amongst the strongest predictors of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms in all age groups. Fear and uncertainty related to the spread of the virus were one of the most important predictors of emotional distress in all the groups apart from the adults between 18-29 years, whereas difficulties related to external restrictions were one of the most significant predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms only in the youngest group. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the youngest adults and those experiencing difficulties in relationships among household members were the most vulnerable to depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown. Thus, it is important to plan preventive and therapeutic interventions to support these at-risk individuals in dealing with the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in various age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland. Specific predictors and differences in symptoms severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 152222
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gambin ◽  
Marcin Sękowski ◽  
Małgorzata Woźniak-Prus ◽  
Anna Wnuk ◽  
Tomasz Oleksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

scholarly journals Can Existing Improvements of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Urban Slums Reduce the Burden of Typhoid Fever in These Settings?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Im ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
Faisal Ahmmed ◽  
Deok Ryun Kim ◽  
Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Virtual Clusters ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Training Subset ◽  
Coverage Increase

Abstract Background Sustained investments in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) have lagged in resource-poor settings; incremental WASH improvements may, nonetheless, prevent diseases such as typhoid in disease-endemic populations. Methods Using prospective data from a large cohort in urban Kolkata, India, we evaluated whether baseline WASH variables predicted typhoid risk in a training subpopulation (n = 28 470). We applied a machine learning algorithm to the training subset to create a composite, dichotomous (good, not good) WASH variable based on 4 variables, and evaluated sensitivity and specificity of this variable in a validation subset (n = 28 470). We evaluated in Cox regression models whether residents of “good” WASH households experienced a lower typhoid risk after controlling for potential confounders. We constructed virtual clusters (radius 50 m) surrounding each household to evaluate whether a prevalence of good WASH practices modified the typhoid risk in central household members. Results Good WASH practices were associated with protection in analyses of all households (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], .37–.90; P = .015). This protection was evident in persons ≥5 years old at baseline (HR = 0.47; 95% CI, .34–.93; P = .005) and was suggestive, though not statistically significant, in younger age groups (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, .27–1.38; P = .235). The level of surrounding household good WASH coverage was also associated with protection (HR = 0.988; 95% CI, .979–.996; P = .004, for each percent coverage increase). However, collinearity between household WASH and WASH coverage prevented an assessment of their independent predictive contributions. Conclusions In this typhoid-endemic setting, natural variation in household WASH was associated with typhoid risk. If replicated elsewhere, these findings suggest that WASH improvements may enhance typhoid control, short of major infrastructural investments.

scholarly journals Resilience Moderates Negative Outcome from Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated-Mediation Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audun Havnen ◽  
Frederick Anyan ◽  
Odin Hjemdal ◽  
Stian Solem ◽  
Maja Gurigard Riksfjord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Patient Health

Resilience refers to an individual’s healthy coping abilities when encountering adverse life events. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a situation with a high amount of stress exposure, which in turn may be associated with negative emotional outcome like depressive symptoms. The current study investigated if resilience moderated the effect of stress on symptoms of depression and if anxiety symptoms mediated this association. An adult sample of community controls completed the Perceived stress scale 14 (PSS-14), the Resilience scale for adults (RSA), the Patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD-7). Independent samples t-test, correlation analyses and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. The results showed that resilience moderated the relations between stress and anxiety symptoms (β = −0.131, p < 0.001) as well as between stress and depressive symptoms (β = −0.068, p < 0.05). In support of a moderated mediation model, resilience moderated the indirect effect of stress on depressive symptom, as confirmed by the index of moderated mediation (IMM = −0.036, p < 0.001; [95% BCa: −0.055, −0.020]). The high resilience subgroup was less affected than the low resilience subgroup by the effect of stress exposure symptoms of depression, mediated by anxiety. The study shows that stress exposure is associated with symptoms of depression, and anxiety mediates this association. Level of resilience differentiates the direct and indirect effect of stress on depression. Knowledge about the effect of stress in response to a pandemic is important for developing treatment and prevention strategies for stress, depression and health-related anxiety.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms are associated with cigarette smoking among tuberculosis patients in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Jones-Patten ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Thomas E. Novotny ◽  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Patient Health

AbstractBackgroundResearchers have increasingly recognized the adverse effects of smoking on tuberculosis (TB) outcomes. Smoking may be a maladaptive coping mechanism for depression and anxiety among TB patients; however, this association has not yet been investigated.Design/MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among newly diagnosed TB patients between January and December 2019 in Gaborone, Botswana, and evaluated factors associated with cigarette smoking. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety scale, we collected depression and anxiety scores, respectively; scores of ≥10 indicate depression and scores of ≥36 indicate anxiety. We performed Poisson regression analyses with robust variance to examine whether depression and anxiety were associated with smoking.ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants with TB were enrolled from primary health clinics. Among all enrollees, depression was reported in 46 (27.1%) participants, while anxiety was reported in 60 (44.4%) participants. Overall, 45 (25.0%) participants reported current smoking, and the median number of cigarettes per day was 10. Depressive symptoms were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking (aPR: 1.82; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.01) after adjusting for sex, HIV status, food insecurity, anxiety, and income. The association between anxiety symptoms and cigarette smoking did not reach statistical significance (aPR 1.26; 95% CI: 0.78-2.05).ConclusionsWe found the association between depressive symptoms and smoking among TB patients in Botswana to be significant and the association between anxiety symptoms and cigarette smoking insignificant. Future studies should further investigate these associations when addressing TB care.

Abstract TMP42: Younger Age and Depressive Symptoms Predict Post-Stroke Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Kapoor ◽  
Kevin Si ◽  
Nathan Herrmann ◽  
Krista L Lanctôt ◽  
Brian J Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Younger Age

scholarly journals Younger Age and Depressive Symptoms Predict High Risk of Generalized Anxiety After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2359-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Kapoor ◽  
Kevin Si ◽  
Amy Y.X. Yu ◽  
Krista L. Lanctot ◽  
Nathan Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Ischemic Attack

scholarly journals Anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students during the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak: a network approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bai ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Shou Liu ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Sha Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

AbstractMental health problems are common in college students even in the late stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Network analysis is a novel approach to explore interactions of mental disorders at the symptom level. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of depressive and anxiety symptoms network in college students in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 3062 college students were included. The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified based on centrality and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. The strongest direct relation was between anxiety symptoms “Nervousness” and “Uncontrollable worry”. “Fatigue” has the highest node strength in the anxiety and depression network, followed by “Excessive worry”, “Trouble relaxing”, and “Uncontrollable worry”. “Motor” showed the highest bridge strength, followed by “Feeling afraid” and “Restlessness”. The whole network was robust in both stability and accuracy tests. Central symptoms “Fatigue”, “Excessive worry”, “Trouble relaxing” and “Uncontrollable worry”, and critical bridge symptoms “Motor”, “Feeling afraid” and “Restlessness” were highlighted in this study. Targeting interventions to these symptoms may be important to effectively alleviate the overall level of anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students.

scholarly journals The association between triglyceride glucose index and depression: data from NHANES 2005–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yi Shi ◽  
Rui Zheng ◽  
Jie-Jie Cai ◽  
Song-Zan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background The association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and depression is unclear. We conducted this analysis to explore whether higher TyG index is associated with a higher odd of depression. Methods This was an observational study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018), a cross-sectional and nationally representative database. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). TyG index was calculated based on the equation as follows: ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2], and participants were divided into quartiles based on TyG index. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the TyG index and depression. Results A total of 13,350 patients were included, involving 1001 (7.50%) individuals with depression. Higher TyG index is significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in U.S. adults. Multivariate-adjusted HRs for patients in the TyG index 4th quartile were higher for depression (OR = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30, 1.64) compared with the 1st quartile of TyG index. Similar results were seen in men and women, across age groups, and baseline comorbidities. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, our result suggests that population with higher TyG index are significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms in U.S. adults.

scholarly journals Interactions between Internalizing Symptoms and Urgency in the Prediction of Alcohol Use and Expectancies among Low-Income, Minority Early Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S31438
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Marmorstein
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

This study examined whether urgency, a disposition to rash action under conditions of strong emotion, moderates associations between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use and related expectancies. Data from the Camden Youth Development Study, a longitudinal, community-based study of early adolescents ( N = 144, mean age at intake = 11.9 years; 65% Hispanic, 30% African-American; 50% male), were used. Self-report questionnaire measures of depressive symptoms, social and generalized anxiety symptoms, urgency, alcohol use, and alcohol expectancies were used. Mixed models were used to examine the effects of internalizing symptoms, urgency, and their interaction on alcohol use and expectancy trajectories over time. Depressive symptoms interacted with urgency such that youth with high levels of both tended to have elevated levels of global positive alcohol expectancies. Social anxiety symptoms interacted with urgency to be associated with increasing levels of social behavior alcohol expectancies such that youth with high levels of both tended to experience particular increases in these expectancies over time. Generalized anxiety was not found to be associated with alcohol-related constructs. Therefore, high levels of urgency combine with depressive and social anxiety symptoms to be associated with particularly increased risk for alcohol expectancies that are associated with later alcohol use and problems, indicating particular risk for youth with these combinations of personality traits and psychopathology symptoms.

scholarly journals Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Screening in Cardiac Inpatients: A Virtuous Italian Approach to Psychocardiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5007
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gorini ◽  
Mattia Giuliani ◽  
Luca Raggio ◽  
Simone Barbieri ◽  
Elena Tremoli
Keyword(s):  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Heart Failure Unit ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Anxiety Screening

Despite the fact that American Heart Association (AHA) recommended a systematic screening for depression in cardiovascular inpatients, poor attention has been given to this issue. Furthermore, no specific guidelines exist for anxiety screening in cardiovascular inpatients. Thus, the aims of this study were to verify the feasibility of a depressive and anxiety symptoms screening protocol in an Italian hospital specializing in cardiovascular diseases and to evaluate both anxiety and depressive symptoms prevalence. A group of 2009 consecutive inpatients completed the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). The rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were almost 9% and 16% respectively. Men were less likely than women to experience both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Patients who were admitted to the heart failure unit reported higher risk of experiencing both symptoms compared to patients in other wards. Similarly, patients admitted to the cardiac surgery unit showed a higher risk of experiencing anxiety symptoms compared to other patients. The proposed screening procedure showed a good feasibility and acceptance. This study highlighted the importance of implementing a short screening procedure in hospitals dealing with cardiovascular inpatients to identify those individuals who require specific attention and interventions.

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