scholarly journals The Big Five Across Socioeconomic Status: Measurement Invariance, Relationships, and Age Trends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T Hughes ◽  
Cory Kennedy Costello ◽  
Joshua Pearman ◽  
Pooya Razavi ◽  
Cianna Bedford-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Future Work

Stage 1 Registered Report: Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and personality, traits and developmental trajectories, have important implications for theory and application. Progress in understanding these associations depends on evaluating how well personality measures function in socioeconomically diverse samples. In the present study, we will use the confirmatory dataset from AIID, a large online study, to address three basic questions about personality and SES. First, we will evaluate the measurement invariance of a common measure of personality, the Big Five Inventory, across indicators of education, income, and occupational prestige. Second, we will estimate previously reported associations between SES indicators and personality in new data to see if they align with past evidence. Third, we will test whether mean-level age trends in personality generalize across levels of SES. The results will have important implications for the validity of past and future research on associations between personality and SES. Additionally, the results will provide insight into differences in personality development trajectories that can inform future work investigating the causal mechanisms between personality and SES.

scholarly journals The Big Five Across Socioeconomic Status: Measurement Invariance, Relationships, and Age Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Hughes ◽  
Cory K. Costello ◽  
Joshua Pearman ◽  
Pooya Razavi ◽  
Cianna Bedford-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Age Trends

Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and personality traits have important implications for theory and application. Progress in understanding these associations depends on valid measurement, unbiased estimation, and careful assessment of generalizability. In this registered report, we used data from AIID, a large online study, to address three basic questions about personality and SES. First, we evaluated the measurement invariance of a common measure of personality, the Big Five Inventory, across indicators of educational attainment, income, and occupational prestige. Fit indices showed some instances of detectable noninvariance, but with little practical impact on substantive results. Second, we estimated associations between SES and personality. Results showed that personality and SES were largely independent (most rs < .1), in contrast to predictions derived from several previous studies. Third, we tested whether age trends in personality were moderated by SES. Results did not support predictions from social investment theory, but they did suggest that age trends were largely generalizable across SES. We discuss the implications of these findings for developing and validating personality measures for use in diverse samples. We also discuss the implications for theories that propose that the Big Five are responsive to, or partially responsible for, people’s economic and social conditions.

scholarly journals The Big Five Across Socioeconomic Status: Measurement Invariance, Relationships, and Age Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T Hughes ◽  
Cory Kennedy Costello ◽  
Joshua Pearman ◽  
Pooya Razavi ◽  
Cianna Bedford-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Age Trends

Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and personality traits have important implications for theory and application. Progress in understanding these associations depends on valid measurement, unbiased estimation, and careful assessment of generalizability. In this registered report, we used data from AIID, a large online study, to address three basic questions about personality and SES. First, we evaluated the measurement invariance of a common measure of personality, the Big Five Inventory, across indicators of educational attainment, income, and occupational prestige. Fit indices showed some instances of detectable noninvariance, but with little practical impact on substantive results. Second, we estimated associations between SES and personality. Results showed that personality and SES were largely independent (most rs < .1), in contrast to predictions derived from several previous studies. Third, we tested whether age trends in personality were moderated by SES. Results did not support predictions from social investment theory, but they did suggest that age trends were largely generalizable across SES. We discuss the implications of these findings for developing and validating personality measures for use in diverse samples. We also discuss the implications for theories that propose that the Big Five are responsive to, or partially responsible for, people’s economic and social conditions.

scholarly journals Measurement invariance of the Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) across language, rheumatic disease and gender

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Belia Kool ◽  
Rens van de Schoot ◽  
Isabel López-Chicheri García ◽  
Ricarda Mewes ◽  
José A P Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) assesses patients’ perception of responses of others that are perceived as denying, lecturing, not supporting and not acknowledging the condition of the patient. It includes two factors: ‘discounting’ and ‘lack of understanding’. In order to use the 3*I to compare and pool scores across groups and countries, the questionnaire must have measurement invariance; that is, it should measure identical concepts with the same factor structure across groups. The aim of this study was to examine measurement invariance of the 3*I across rheumatic diseases, gender and languages.MethodsParticipants with rheumatic disease from various countries completed an online study using the 3*I, which was presented in Dutch, English, French, German, Portuguese and Spanish; 6057 people with rheumatic diseases participated. Single and multiple group confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the factorial structure and measurement invariance of the 3*I with Mplus.ResultsThe model with strong measurement invariance, that is, equal factor loadings and thresholds (distribution cut-points) across gender and rheumatic disease (fibromyalgia vs other rheumatic diseases) had the best fit estimates for the Dutch version, and good fit estimates across the six language versions.ConclusionsThe 3*I showed measurement invariance across gender, rheumatic disease and language. Therefore, it is appropriate to compare and pool scores of the 3*I across groups. Future research may use the questionnaire to examine antecedents and consequences of invalidation as well as the effect of treatments targeting invalidation.

The personality‐identity interplay in emerging adult women: convergent findings from complementary analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Bart Soenens ◽  
Luc Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Emerging Adult Women ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Reciprocal Influences

The present study examined whether identity development occurs in tandem with personality development in emerging adulthood. Three‐wave longitudinal data on a sample of 351 female college students were used to answer questions about stability and change, direction of effects, and interrelated developmental trajectories. Four identity dimensions (i.e. commitment making, exploration in breadth, identification with commitment, and exploration in depth) and the Big Five were assessed. Identity and personality were found to be meaningfully related at the level of both the time‐specific adjacent measures and the underlying developmental trajectories with various degrees of convergence. Cross‐lagged analyses substantiated reciprocal influences and Latent Growth Curve Modelling substantiated common developmental pathways that partially mirrored the concurrent relations. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1889-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Korous ◽  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Robert H. Bradley ◽  
Suniya S. Luthar
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractSubstantial evidence links socioeconomic status to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, it is unclear how these two categories of behavior problems relate to specific components of socioeconomic status (e.g., income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige) or overall social status. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis to estimate the average associations of income, education, occupation, and overall socioeconomic status with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and to examine if age, sex, and race/ethnicity moderated these associations. Our systematic search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global identified 12 meta-analyses (17% unpublished), including approximately 474 primary studies and 327,617 participants. In relation to internalizing, we found small average associations with income,r+= –.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [–.31, –.04], and education,r+= –.12, 95% CI [–.15, –.09]. In relation to externalizing, we found smaller associations with income,r+= –.02, 95% CI [–.15, .10], education,r+= –.03, 95% CI [–.16, .10], and overall socioeconomic status,r+= –.05, 95% CI [–.11, .01], but these CIs included zero. Only sex composition of the samples moderated the latter association. We provide recommendations for best practices and future research directions.

scholarly journals Testing Competing Hypotheses on the Interplay of Importance and Support of the Basic Psychological Needs at Work and Personality Development with Response Surface Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Deventer ◽  
Sarah Humberg ◽  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Gabriel Nagy ◽  
Jan Retelsdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

Even though environmental contexts have been associated with personality development, little attention has been paid to individuals’ psychological perceptions thereof. Basic psychological needs theory assesses environments based on their levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness support. In order to better understand the factors that drive personality development we related the support of basic psychological needs (BPN) and the individual importance ascribed to BPN support to Big Five personality development 1.5 years later. We focused on the context of the first job in a longitudinal study of young Germans (NT1 = 1,886; MageT1 = 18.41). Based on theory and previous research we derived multiple hypotheses and tested them simultaneously against each other with an information theoretic approach including response surface analyses. Results differed across the Big Five: Controlling for personality at T1, people who ascribed greater importance to BPN support, had higher perceptions of BPN support, and who had an incongruence between the two at T1 were higher in emotional stability and extraversion at T2. The pattern was more complex for openness, whereas individuals ascribing more importance to BPN support at T1 were more agreeable and conscientious at T2. Findings are discussed for theory and future research of personality development.

Measurement invariance of a new Big Five Inventory across five countries

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Sommer ◽  
Martin Arendasy ◽  
Elke Gruber ◽  
Fritz Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Inventory

scholarly journals Analyzing input quality along three dimensions: interactive, linguistic, and conceptual

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. ROWE ◽  
Catherine E. SNOW
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Input Quality ◽  
Children's Development

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the features of caregiver input that facilitate language learning across early childhood. We discuss three dimensions of input quality: interactive, linguistic, and conceptual. All three types of input features have been shown to predict children's language learning, though perhaps through somewhat different mechanisms. We argue that input best designed to promote language learning is interactionally supportive, linguistically adapted, and conceptually challenging for the child's age/level. Furthermore, input features interact across dimensions to promote learning. Some but not all qualities of input vary based on parent socioeconomic status, language, or culture, and contexts such as book-reading or pretend play generate uniquely facilitative input features. The review confirms that we know a great deal about the role of input quality in promoting children's development, but that there is much more to learn. Future research should examine input features across the boundaries of the dimensions distinguished here.

scholarly journals Cognitive and School Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: A Critical Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D Dick ◽  
Rebecca Pillai Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child’s overall developmental trajectory. There is increasing evidence that chronic pain disrupts cognitive function in adults. Little is known about the nature or impact of cognitive disruption in children and adolescents with chronic pain. The present review examines the current literature related to cognitive function in children and adolescents with chronic pain, implications of these findings and future research directions. Nine studies on this topic were found, with a relatively recent increase in publications related to school attendance and subjective studies of school performance. The studies that were found on this topic suggested that chronic pain affects cognitive function in children but the scope of these effects on children’s function and developmental trajectories is not yet clear. While methodological issues surely make it difficult to study cognitive function in children with chronic pain, the potential gains from such research warrant a pursuit of such work. Much remains to be studied on this important topic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document