The Effects of a 16-week Aerobic Exercise and Mindfulness-based Intervention on Chronic Psychosocial Stress: A Nonrandomized Pilot and Feasibility Trial
Objectives: Researchers have begun delivering mindfulness and aerobic exercise training concurrently on the premise that a combination intervention will yield salutary outcomes over and above each intervention alone. An estimate of the effect of combination training on chronic psychosocial stress in a nonclinical population has not been established. The objective of this trial was therefore to assess the preliminary efficacy of combination training for reducing chronic psychosocial stress in a healthy sample, and to establish assurance of protocol feasibility in preparation of a definitive RCT. Methods: 24 participants were nonrandomized into a single-arm trial and subjected to 16 weeks of concurrent mindfulness psychoeducation and aerobic exercise training. Within-group changes were assessed for chronic psychosocial stress, mindfulness, emotion regulation, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Feasibility criteria were also collected and evaluated. Primary analyses are based on 17 participants. Results: There was a moderate decline in chronic psychosocial stress (d_pretest = -0.56, 95% CI [-1.14, -0.06]). There was an increase in the use of cognitive reappraisal, and a reduction in use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. We are insufficiently confident to comment on changes in mindfulness and aerobic capacity (VO2max). However, there were subgroup improvements in aerobic economy at submaximal exercise intensities. Retention rate, response rate, recruitment rate, and sample size analyses indicate a definitive trial is feasible for detecting most effects with precision. Conclusions: This trial provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of combination training in a nonclinical sample for reducing chronic psychosocial stress. We recommend a definitive trial is feasible and should proceed.