scholarly journals Psychometric properties and clinical utility of the executive function inventory for children and adolescents: a large multistage populational study including children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO ANTONIO ARRUDA ◽  
Renato Arruda ◽  
Luis Anunciacao
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Children With Adhd

Executive functions (EF) are a set of high order mental abilities that regulate cognition, emotions, and behavior. This study aims to report the construction and validation of a rating scale instrument for EF in children and adolescents aged from 5 to 18 years (EFICA), as well as to report the results of a comparison between children with ADHD and their peers without it. Thus, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study relying on a sample composed of 3,284 typical children and adolescents accessed to study the psychometric properties of the parents’ inventory (EFICA-P) and the teacher’s inventory (EFICA-T) within a Structural Equation Modeling framework (SEM). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were fitted, as well as the Cronbach’s alpha and the McDonald’s omega reliability indices. The known-groups method was carried out by independent Welch t-tests between untreated ADHD children and their peers. We concluded that the parents’ inventory is composed of three dimensions (Cool Index 1, Cool Index 2, and Hot Index): v2 (1,649) = 4,607.852 p<.01, CFI = .965, TLI .963, RMSEA = .053, whereas the teachers inventory is composed of two dimensions (Cool Index and Hot Index): v2 (1,273) = 5,158.240, p<.01, CFI =.991,TLI = .991, RMSEA = .077. The internal consistency of both inventories was >.9. Significant differences between the ADHD groups were found in all domains accessed. These findings indicate that both inventories have a high degree of validity regarding their internal structures, as well as supporting their clinical utility.

scholarly journals Person perception across group boundaries: a dynamic model of perception across race and gender lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Yan-Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Trait Impressions

People form impressions of others from their faces, inferring character traits (e.g., friendly) along two broad, influential dimensions: Warmth and Competence. Although these two dimensions are presumed to be independent, research has yet to examine the generalizability of this model to cross-group impressions, despite extant evidence that Warmth and Competence are not independent for outgroup targets. This thesis explores this possibility by testing models of person perception for own-group and other-group perceptions, implementing confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling framework, and analyzing the underlying trait space using representational similarity analysis. I fit 402,473 ratings of 873 unique faces from 5,040 participants on 14 trait impressions to own-group and other-group models, exploring whether perceptions across race and gender are more unidimensional. Results indicate that current models of face perception fit poorly and are not universal as presumed: the space of trait impressions varies depending on targets’ race and gender. Keywords: person perception, impression formation, face perception, intergroup processes, social cognition

scholarly journals Open innovation in specialized SMEs: the case of supercars

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Ramirez-Portilla ◽  
Enrico Cagno ◽  
Terrence E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Innovativeness ◽  
And Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence that adopting open innovation (OI) has on the innovativeness and performance of specialized small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper also examines the adoption of OI within a firm’s practices and models, and within the three dimensions of firm sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from 48 specialized SMEs manufacturing supercars were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. SmartPLS software was used to conduct a path analysis and test the proposed framework. Findings The findings suggest that high adoption of OI models tends to increase firm innovativeness. Similarly, the adoption of OI practices has a positive effect on innovativeness but to a lesser extent than OI models. The moderation results of innovativeness further show that OI models and practices can benefit the performance of SMEs. Specifically, two dimensions of performance – environmental and social performance – were found to be greatly influenced by OI. Research limitations/implications Due to parsimony in the investigated model, this study only focuses on OI adoption as practices and models without considering its drivers or other contingency factors. Practical implications This paper could help practitioners in SMEs better understand the benefits of adopting OI to be more innovative but also more sustainable. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the role of OI practices and models regarding the dimensions of firm sustainability performance by being the first paper to investigate this relationship in the context of small and medium manufacturers of supercars.

Investigating the Multidimensionality and Psychometric Properties of the Children’s Anger Rumination Scale (CARS): A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Framework

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110435
Author(s):  
Elli Spyropoulou ◽  
Theodoros Giovazolias
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Anger Rumination

Anger Rumination (AR) represents a maladaptive cognitive process that contributes negatively to psychosocial functioning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties (e.g., factorial structure, measurement invariance, and reliability) of the Children’s Anger Rumination Scale (CARS). Factorial structure was tested by contrasting alternative model representations of the instrument (one- and four-factor independent cluster models–confirmatory factor analysis [ICM-CFA], exploratory structural equation modelling [ESEM], bifactor-CFA and bifactor-ESEM) in a convenience sample of 552 Greek students ( Mage = 11.50 years; 53.6% girls). The hypothesized bifactor-ESEM solution, composed by a general anger rumination factor and four specific factors (Angry Afterthoughts, Thoughts of Revenge, Angry Memories, and Understanding of Causes) provided the best fit to the data and revealed the unitary dimensionality of the CARS. Measurement invariance across gender and age in level of the latent means indicated no significant differences in relation to AR tendency. The CARS showed internal consistency, one-month test–retest reliability as well as desirable patterns of convergent and discriminant validity. The predictive power of the instrument was also supported as participants’ AR propensity was found to explain both depressive symptoms and bullying behaviors. Overall, our findings indicate that the CARS is a developmentally appropriate and psychometrically sound instrument that conceptualizes AR as an unidimensional construct among children and preadolescents.

scholarly journals Person perception across group boundaries: a dynamic model of perception across race and gender lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Yan-Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Trait Impressions

People form impressions of others from their faces, inferring character traits (e.g., friendly) along two broad, influential dimensions: Warmth and Competence. Although these two dimensions are presumed to be independent, research has yet to examine the generalizability of this model to cross-group impressions, despite extant evidence that Warmth and Competence are not independent for outgroup targets. This thesis explores this possibility by testing models of person perception for own-group and other-group perceptions, implementing confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling framework, and analyzing the underlying trait space using representational similarity analysis. I fit 402,473 ratings of 873 unique faces from 5,040 participants on 14 trait impressions to own-group and other-group models, exploring whether perceptions across race and gender are more unidimensional. Results indicate that current models of face perception fit poorly and are not universal as presumed: the space of trait impressions varies depending on targets’ race and gender. Keywords: person perception, impression formation, face perception, intergroup processes, social cognition

Spiritual leadership on organizational commitment and organizational commitment on organizational performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150039
Author(s):  
Gede Riana
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Normative Commitment ◽  
Nonfinancial Performance

Purpose: This research was administered to investigate the influence of spiritual leadership on organizational commitment and organizational commitment on organizational performance seen through multidimensions where spiritual leadership is in three dimensions namely vision, faith/hope, and altruistic love; organizational commitment in three dimensions namely affective, normative, and continuity, while organizational performance is in two dimensions which are financial and nonfinancial performance. Design/Method: The population selected in this study included 1,422 members of Village Credit Institution (LPD) in Bali Province including the chairman, secretary, and treasurer. Samples were selected by using the probability sampling technique which is a simple random sampling in which the sample size [Formula: see text] was drawn from a population of magnitude [Formula: see text], allowing each unit to have the same chance of being selected. The obtained data were then analyzed using a Structural Equation Modeling based on analysis of moment structure (AMOS), with multidimensions in each research variable. Findings: The results of the analysis show that vision, faith/hope, and altruistic love have a significant influence on affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuity commitment. On the other hand, affective, normative, and continuity commitment share a certain influence on financial performance. However, it is only the normative commitment that influences nonfinancial performance. Originality: The novelty of this research is in the effort to reconstruct the previous research model to obtain a new one that combines two research models; the spiritual leadership model and the A-Three Component Model of Organizational Commitment. The new model is expected to solve the inconsistencies of previous research results and solve various problems related to leadership and organizational commitment as variables that influence LPD performance.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Properties of a New Self-Report Questionnaire Measuring Attachment in School-Age Children: The Attachment in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (AMCQ)

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112097881
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marci ◽  
Ughetta Moscardino ◽  
Alessandra Santona ◽  
Francesca Lionetti ◽  
Massimiliano Pastore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Italian Children

Although conscious aspects of attachment representations can be effectively assessed in middle childhood, the few available self-reports are based on different operationalizations of attachment and do not always show adequate psychometric properties. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Attachment in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (AMCQ). Using three independent samples of Italian children ( Mage = 10 years, 52% = girls), in three interrelated studies we (1) selected a pool of items from existing questionnaires, adapted them to the same response format, and subjected them to exploratory factor analysis; (2) performed confirmatory factor analyses on the retained items; and (3) used structural equation modeling to assess the factor structure, external validity, and invariance across gender and age groups. The final 15-item questionnaire comprised two dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) and a supplementary scale (security). Overall, results supported the reliability and validity of the AMCQ for Italian children.

The role of negative network externalities in SNS fatigue

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Zheshi Bao
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Network Externalities ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether negative network externalities would contribute to social networking site (SNS) fatigue and how this mechanism works. Design/methodology/approach A research model was proposed integrating two dimensions of negative network externalities and three dimensions of mediators (impression management concern, privacy concern, and social overload) to indicate how negative network externalities affect users’ SNS fatigue. Online questionnaires were adopted to collect data, and 307 valid samples were analyzed by structural equation modeling approach. Findings The findings indicate that negative network externalities have significant indirect effects on SNS fatigue through impression management concern, privacy concern, and social overload, and among the three dimensions, privacy concern plays a more important role. Research limitations/implications This study offers a solidly grounded and well-demonstrated conceptual model that not only indicates the effects of negative network externalities in the context of SNS but also facilitates the understanding of SNS fatigue. Some theoretical and practical implications are also provided. Originality/value This study is novel in exploring users’ SNS fatigue a perspective of negative network externalities. Besides, the mediating roles of impression management concern, privacy concern, and social overload have been employed to indicate the formation of SNS fatigue.

Trait and State Components of Perceived Parental Differential Treatment in Middle Adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Boll ◽  
Tom Michels ◽  
Dieter Ferring ◽  
Sigrun-Heide Filipp
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Parental Differential Treatment ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
Parental Recognition ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Despite its importance for basic and applied psychology, only a few longitudinal studies have examined whether parental differential treatment (PDT) is a persistent or a transient phenomenon, these studies being confined to childhood or adolescence. Based on latent state-trait theory, the present study identified the amount of variance in three dimensions of perceived PDT in middle adulthood attributable to stable interindividual differences (trait variance) and to intraindividual changes (state variance). At two occasions of measurement (2 years apart), 709 middle-aged adults rated how often they and a sibling currently received parental recognition, nurture, and demand to assume filial responsibility. Tests of latent state-trait models for these three dimensions of PDT by structural equation modeling revealed that trait variance represented the largest proportion of the systematic variance in all observed indicators of perceived maternal and paternal differential treatment. Yet there was a considerable increase in state variance for the dimension of differential parental demand for assuming responsibility. Results are discussed with respect to the conditions accounting for the high overall stability of actual and/or perceived PDT in adulthood, and different approaches for determining their role are proposed.

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