Factors Influencing Confidence in The Government During Tun Dr Mahathir’s Leadership Era Among Industrial Workers

Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad was seen as an influential leader when, for the second time in his political life, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of Malaysia at the age of 94 years old. Despite his age, he managed to garner strong support for his leadership when he took over the government following the country’s 14th general election (GE14) in May 2018. Nonetheless, little is known about what contributed to public confidence in the government during his leadership tenure. This paper uses leadership trait theory to discuss the factors influencing public confidence in the government’s capability in managing the country during Tun Dr Mahathir’s tenure as the prime minister. This study is part of a larger study that examines media use, political behavior, and well-being of industrial workers in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 475 industrial workers in Malaysia to gauge their perception of the factors contributing to their confidence in the government led by Tun Dr Mahathir. Overall, the findings revealed positive relationships between perception of the condition of the country, Tun Dr Mahathir’s leadership, and confidence in the government. However, no significant relationship was found between media use and public confidence in the government. Implications of leadership trait theory are also discussed. Keywords: Industrial workers, leadership trait theory, media use, public confidence, Tun Dr Mahathir.

THE LIGHT TRIAD TRAITS, PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT, CREATIVE SELF-EFFICACY, SELF-RESILIENCE AND INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE IN ICT OF PAKISTAN

This study analyses how the Information & Communication Technology sector of managers having light triad traits (altruism, empathy, compassion) associates employee innovative performance through creative self-efficacy, Self-Resilience, and psychological empowerment. This study used pro social trait theory for Light triad traits of managers and employees' perspectives to broaden and build an approach. This study hypothesized a relationship amid Light triad traits, creative self-efficacy, self-resilience and psychological empowerment, which affects the innovative performance of employee. Light triad traits have most substantial positive relationship with innovative performance when employees have high levels of the self-resilience and creative self-efficacy. The psychological empowerment mediates relationship between the Light triad traits and innovative employee performance. Data was collected in total from 650 employees, 500 employees (followers) in which they rated their managers (leaders) and after 1 week, 150 managers (leaders) rated their employee's performance and generated results to support our study hypotheses.

Personality in Children With Vocal Fold Nodules: A Multitrait Analysis

Purpose Vocal fold nodules (VNs) are bilateral, symmetrical, callous-like lesions secondary to phonotrauma and possibly related to specific personality traits. This case–control study examined the relation between personality and VNs in children within the context of the Trait Theory of VNs. Method Parents of children with VNs ( N = 39, M = 7.43, SD = 2.01 years) and two medical control groups (i.e., voice disordered controls, but not VNs [VDCs; N = 40, M = 7.09, SD = 2.01 years] and vocally normal controls [VNCs; N = 40, M = 7.6, SD = 1.54 years]) completed the Inventory of Child Individual Differences, a personality instrument that describes the Big Five superfactors as well as 15 lower order personality traits. Results Children with VNs, as compared with VNCs, were (a) emotionally reactive (i.e., higher N—Neuroticism, p < .005, Cohen's d = 0.53), (b) Antagonistic, Strong-Willed, and less Compliant (i.e., lower A—Agreeableness, p < .014, Cohen's d = 0.59), and (c) Distractible and Disorganized (i.e., lower C—Conscientiousness, p < .009, Cohen's d = 0.62). Both voice disordered groups displayed elevated scores on the personality superfactor of Neuroticism (N; and the “Negative Emotions” lower order trait). Conclusions The combination of personality traits identified in this study (i.e., high N, low A and C) may play a central role in VNs development and possibly attenuate voice therapy success. Children with VNs displayed a similar personality typology as women with VNs, with the exception of elevated Extraversion (E), thereby providing support for the relevance of the Trait Theory of VNs in both children and adults. Clinicians treating children with voice disorders, including VNs, should consider their underlying personality traits in assessment and management.

Personality dynamics

Traditionally, personality psychology has been understood as the study of stability in people’s dispositions. However, a different strand of personality research has highlighted the importance of acknowledging and explaining the meaningful intraindividual variation in human thoughts, feelings, and behavior across different contexts and time. The goal of this paper is to review this strand, highlight current research, and outline key questions for future research. We summarize historical perspectives on the dynamic processes underlying the emergence of personality within and across individuals (e.g. the pioneering theorizing of Allport; the person-situation debate), recent theoretical and empirical advances in incorporating dynamic processes into the definition and assessment of personality (e.g., the study of personality states; dynamic approaches to personality including Cognitive Affective Personality System [CAPS], Whole Trait Theory, the Knowledge-and-Appraisal Personality Architecture [KAPA] framework, and Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation [NIPS]), and new directions in current research (e.g. idiographic approaches; understanding variability in narrative identity). We end with suggestions for future research.

A cross-cultural study of purposive “traits of action”: Measurement invariance of scales based on the action–trait theory of human motivation using exploratory structural equation modeling

The Action–Trait theory of human motivation posits that individual differences in predispositional traits of action may account for variance in contemporary purposeful human behavior. Prior research has supported the theory, psychometric properties of scales designed to assess the motive dimensions of the theory, and the utility of these scales to predict an array of behaviors, but this is the first study to evaluate the cross-linguistical invariance of the 15-factor theoretical model. This study evaluated translations of the English language 60-item Quick AIM in 5 samples – Croatian (N = 614), French (N = 246), German (N = 154), Polish (M = 314), and U.S. English (N = 490) – recruited from 4 countries (Croatia, Poland, Switzerland, and the U.S.). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the theoretical model on which the traits of action are based and scrutinized the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar invariance) of the scale across the languages.

Mixed-Effects Trait-State-Occasion Model: Studying the Psychometric Properties and the Person-Situation Interactions of Psychological Dynamics

The trait-state-occasion model (TSO) is a popular model within the latent state-trait theory (LST). The TSO allows distinguishing the trait and the state components of the psychological constructs measured in longitudinal data, while also taking into account the carry-over effects between consecutive measurements. In the present study, we extend a multilevel version of the TSO model to allow for the combination of fixed and random situations, namely the mixed-effects TSO (ME-TSO). Hence, the ME-TSO model is a measurement model suitable to analyze intensive longitudinal data that allows studying the psychometric properties of the indicators per individual, the heterogeneity of psychological dynamics, and the person-situation interaction effects. We showcase how to use the model by analyzing the items of positive affect activation of the crowdsourcing study HowNutsAreTheDutch (HoeGekisNL).

From Transition to Translation

Are leaders born or made? Trait theory claims that leadership is intrinsic intelligence. While the behavioural theory has debated that leadership requires vision, decisiveness, confidence to take risks, and these can be successfully developed by an individual. As the new industries are emerging, and at the time of COVID-19 pandemic, it is evident that leadership traits are practised and adopted when required. The swift transaction of the manager to become a leader is explained pre-eminently utilizing “be-do-know” model of leadership. For the study, 52 consultants from distinct industries such as IT/ITES, FMCG, agriculture, pharmaceutical, automobile, and manufacturing were administered through a questionnaire and interviews. The study clearly indicates that stimulus such as organizational change, innovation, crises, and correction spin-off the development of first-time leaders.