scholarly journals Common cause vs dynamic mutualism: an empirical comparison of two theories of psychopathology in two large longitudinal cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Aristodemou ◽  
Rogier Kievit ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Denis Ribeaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Common ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Mental disorders are highly prevalent, and among the leading causes of global disease burden. To respond in a timely and effective manner, a strong understanding of the structure of psychopathology and its development is critical. We compared the ability of two competing frameworks, the dynamic mutualism theory and the common cause theory, to explain the development of individual differences in psychopathology. We formalized these theories into statistical models, and applied them to two domains of psychopathology, at two different developmental periods, using two large developmental cohorts: the p factor (i.e. general psychopathology) from early to late adolescence (N = 1,482), and major depressive disorder in middle adulthood and old age (N = 6,443). The development of the p factor was better explained by a mutualistic account. In contrast, the evidence for the development of major depression was more ambiguous. Our results support a multicausal approach to understanding psychopathology and showcase the value of translating theories into testable statistical models for understanding developmental processes in clinical sciences.

scholarly journals Knee-High Devices Are Gold in Closing the Foot Ulcer Gap: A Review of Offloading Treatments to Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Peter A. Lazzarini ◽  
Gustav Jarl
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Barriers ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a leading cause of the global disease burden. Most DFUs are caused, and prolonged, by high plantar tissue stress under the insensate foot of a person with peripheral neuropathy. Multiple different offloading treatments have been used to try to reduce high plantar tissue stress and heal DFUs, including bedrest, casting, offloading devices, footwear, and surgical procedures. The best offloading treatments are those that balance the benefits of maximizing reductions in high plantar tissue stress, whilst reducing the risks of poor satisfaction, high costs and potential adverse events outcomes. This review aimed to summarize the best available evidence on the effects of offloading treatments to heal people with DFUs, plus review their use in clinical practice, the common barriers and solutions to using these treatments, and discuss promising emerging solutions that may improve offloading treatments in future. Findings demonstrate that knee-high offloading devices, non-removable or removable knee-high devices worn for all weight-bearing activities, are the gold standard offloading treatments to heal most patients with DFU, as they are much more effective, and typically safer, quicker, and cheaper to use compared with other offloading treatments. The effectiveness of offloading treatments also seems to increase when increased offloading mechanical features are incorporated within treatments, including customized insoles, rocker-bottom soles, controlled ankle motion, and higher cast walls. However, in clinical practice these gold standard knee-high offloading devices have low rates of prescription by clinicians and low rates of acceptance or adherence by patients. The common barriers resulting in this low use seem to surround historical misperceptions that are mostly dispelled by contemporary evidence. Further, research is now urgently required to close the implementation gap between the high-quality of supporting evidence and the low use of knee-high devices in clinical practice to reduce the high global disease burden of DFU in future.

The Principle of the Common Cause

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Hofer-Szabo ◽  
Miklos Redei ◽  
Laszlo E. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Common Cause ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pit Shan Chong ◽  
Man-Lung Fung ◽  
Kah Hui Wong ◽  
Lee Wei Lim
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Depression is a common and severe neuropsychiatric disorder that is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Although various anti-depressants are currently available, their efficacies are barely adequate and many have side effects. Hericium erinaceus, also known as Lion’s mane mushroom, has been shown to have various health benefits, including antioxidative, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. It has been used to treat cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Bioactive compounds extracted from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus have been found to promote the expression of neurotrophic factors that are associated with cell proliferation such as nerve growth factors. Although antidepressant effects of H. erinaceus have not been validated and compared to the conventional antidepressants, based on the neurotrophic and neurogenic pathophysiology of depression, H. erinaceus may be a potential alternative medicine for the treatment of depression. This article critically reviews the current literature on the potential benefits of H. erinaceus as a treatment for depressive disorder as well as its mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like activities.

An overview of proximal suspensory ligament desmitis

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Jonathan Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness

Proximal suspensory disease is a common cause of both forelimb and hindlimb lameness and poor performance in the horse. The following article describes the common presentations, diagnostic techniques and treatment options for the condition in both the forelimbs and the hindlimbs.

scholarly journals THE ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BACILLUS PROTEUS X-19 AND RICKETTSIAE

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruiz Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antigenic Factor ◽  
The Common ◽  
P Factor

Two substances differing in immunological behavior as well as in certain chemical properties have been isolated from soluble extracts of B. proteus X-19. Both substances appear to be polysaccharides. The first substance is precipitated from X-19 crude extracts by a relatively low percentage of alcohol and electrolytes (from one to two and a half volumes of alcohol). When purified as far as possible, it gives a negative biuret reaction, a positive Molish and has a nitrogen content of 4 per cent. This material, which we call X factor, has the immunological properties of the common antigenic factor in Proteus X-19 and typhus Rickettsiae, described elsewhere. It has the property of precipitating with typhus serum as well as anti-Proteus serum, even after treatment with hot alkali. The second substance we call P factor, suggesting a material which is proper to Proteus X-19 and has nothing to do with the Weil-Felix reaction. It is obtained from the crude extracts of B. proteus X-19 by treating the fluids from which the X factor has been removed with an excess of alcohol (seven to ten volumes, according to electrolytes in solution). The purified material shows a nitrogen content of a little less than 1 per cent, gives a negative biuret and a positive Molish reaction. The P factor produces precipitates with anti-Proteus serum in considerable dilution, but has no effect on typhus serum. It is quickly destroyed on treating with alkali, a fact in accordance with the results already cited, which were obtained by White with whole extracts of B. proteus X-19. The duality of the X-19 extracts seems to be explained by the isolation of two immunologically different factors; one which is alkali-labile and which is proper to B. proteus X-19; and the other which is alkali-stable and is the common antigenic factor in Proteus X-19 and typhus Rickettsiae.

scholarly journals Study of hyperlipidemia and Ayurvedic concept of meda dhatwagnimandya.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Pallavi Abhijit Gune
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Common

Changing lifestyle is the common cause of many diseases. Nowadays Hyperlipidemia & obesity are the two global problems. So Ayurvedic concepts of lipids (meda) & staulya & its treatment is the best remedy to overcome these problems. I have tried to elaborate the concept of correlation of meda & lipids & dhatwagnimandya. Even the endocrinal dysfunctions causing the high lipid levels & obecity.  

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