scholarly journals Me, My (Moral) Self, and I

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Albert Charlton Everett ◽  
Joshua August Skorburg ◽  
Jordan Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Key Questions

In this chapter we critically review interdisciplinary work from philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to shed light on perceptions of personal identity and selfhood. We review recent research that has addressed traditional philosophical questions about personal identity using empirical methods, focusing on the “moral self effect”: the finding that morality, more so than memory, is perceived to be at the core of personal identity. We raise and respond to a number of key questions and criticisms about this work. We begin by considering the operationalization of identity concepts in the empirical literature, before turning to explore the boundary conditions of “moral self effect” and how generalizable it is, and then reflecting on how this work might be connected more deeply with other neuroscience research shedding light on the self. Throughout, we highlight connections between classical themes in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience, while also suggesting new directions for interdisciplinary collaboration.

scholarly journals The Link Between SRI and Financial Performance: Effects and Moderators

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Revelli ◽  
Jean-Laurent Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Socially Responsible Investment ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
Counting Approach ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Vote Counting

Over the last twenty years, the debate on financial performance of socially responsible investment (SRI) has not yielded a clear consensus, arguing mainly that there was no difference in performance between SRI and ‘conventional’ investment, although SRI could underperform or outperform in some cases. Our research, based on a meta-analysis ‘vote-counting’ approach of the empirical literature, allows us to observe that the effects of SRI on financial performance are multiple. Second, we conclude that the financial performance of SRI is radically changing according to the empirical methods employed by researchers.

scholarly journals Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Ban Qi Tay ◽  
Quentin Wright ◽  
Rahul Ladwa ◽  
Christopher Perry ◽  
Graham Leggatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Target Characteristics ◽  
Toxic Responses ◽  
Shed Light

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.

scholarly journals Identity Theft: A Thought Experiment on the Fragility of Identity

Conatus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
David Menčik
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Psychological Continuity ◽  
Temporal Proximity ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Prestige

This paper intends to discuss some aspects of what we conceive as personal identity: what it consists in, as well as its alleged fragility. First I will try to justify the methodology used in this paper, that is, the use of allegories in ontological debates, especialy in the form of thought experiments and science fiction movies. Then I will introduce an original thought experiment I call “Who am I actually?,” one that was coined with the intent to shed light on several aspects of the issue under examination, that is, the fragility of personal identity. Then I will move on to Christopher Nolan’s film The Prestige, as well as to Derek Parfit’s ‘divided minds’ thought experiment, to further discuss the fragility of personal identity; next to identity theft, the prospect of duplication is also intriguing, especially with regard to the psychological impact this might have on both the prototype and the duplicate. I will conclude with the view that spatial and temporal proximity or coexistence, especially when paired with awareness on behalf of the duplicates, would expectedly result in the infringement of the psychological continuity of one’s identity.

scholarly journals ePassport and eID Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Lucjan Hanzlik ◽  
Mirosław Kutyłowski
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Ubiquitous Systems ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to the design and implementation of electronic ID (eID) such as ePassports and electronic personal identity documents. We present an overview of existing and emerging concepts, both concerning threats and possible countermeasures. Thereby we aim to shed light on the development of ubiquitous systems, where many artifacts will require strong electronic identification with similar properties to those in the case of eIDs issued for humans.

Rational beliefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cherniak
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Rational Beliefs ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Naturalize Epistemology ◽  
Philosophical Questions

To the extent that a belief is rational, it ought to be held, other things being equal; irrational beliefs should not be held. From traditional epistemological perspectives, the obligation here is narrow, concerning only good reasons for acceptance that constitute sufficient justification or warrant. Recent epistemological trends broaden the viewpoint to include also practical considerations that enter into other rational decisions, such as best use of the agent’s limited resources. A related but weaker conception of rationality appears in philosophy of mind as a necessary coherence requirement on personal identity – roughly, ‘No rationality, no agent’. Such agent-constitutive rationality standards are more lenient than normative epistemic standards, since agents’ belief sets can and often do fall short of epistemically uncriticizable rationality without the agents thereby ceasing to qualify as having minds. Finally, at the widest perspective, long-standing sceptical lines of challenge to rationality of the entire structure of human belief-forming procedures conclude that we can never have the slightest good reason to accept even our most central beliefs. Recent approaches that ‘naturalize’ epistemology into a branch of science tend to exclude such general doubts as insignificant or meaningless; but if distinctively philosophical questions in fact do not fully reduce to regular scientific ones, sceptical-type rationality challenges may instead remain a permanent part of the human condition.

To Mental Illness via a Rhyme for the Eye

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 165-189
Author(s):  
T. S. Champlin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intellectual Journey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Shed Light

The intellectual journey on which I am about to embark, although not an unusual one in philosophy, may at first seem strange to those who are in the habit of looking to science for the answers to their big questions, including their philosophical questions. For I propose to shed light on the problematic relationship between two things, namely, mental illness and physical illness, by comparing their relationship to the relationship between two other things, namely, a rhyme for the eye—which will be explained shortly for the benefit of anyone unfamiliar with this concept—and a rhyme for the ear. Yet these two pairs of things are not related in any way by subject-matter. In philosophy, however, this sort of deliberate dislocation can be beneficial. As Wittgenstein himself once remarked, ‘A philosophical] problem can be solved only in the right surrounding, we must give the problem a new surrounding, we must compare it to cases we are not used to compare [sic] it with.’

scholarly journals Can a microdynamic approach to sleep-onset imagery solve the overabundance problem of dreaming? Commentary on Tore Nielsen’s “Microdream neurophenomenology”

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Windt
Keyword(s):  
Virtual World ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Virtual Self ◽  
Dream Research ◽  
Dream Imagery ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract Nielsen proposes that a microdynamic approach to experiences occurring in the earliest stages of sleep onset, which he calls microdreams, can shed light on the process of dream imagery formation. I discuss microdreams in the context of simulation views, in which dreaming is defined as the immersive experience of a virtual world centered on a virtual self. I also evaluate his proposal to expand the dimensions included in the oneiragogic spectrum by kinesis. I conclude that while a subset of microdreams might not fulfill the conditions to count as even minimal dreams, their investigation can nonetheless help address key questions in dream research and may even constitute a distinctive pathway to the generation of full-fledged dreaming.

scholarly journals New National Initiatives of Modernizing Education in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Education Development ◽  
National Initiatives ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Education In China ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
China’S Education

Purpose: This article aims to shed light on a latest education policy blueprint in China, titled China’s education modernization 2035, which was issued by the Central Government of China in February of 2019. Design/Approach/Methods: This is an analytical policy review. Findings: The author argues that this new Chinese educational policy was driven by three factors: UN 2030 Agenda, China’s national strategy, and Chinese educational reform and improvement. In China’s education modernization 2035, eight key principles were rooted in the Chinese context and also recognized by international society. According to this policy initiative, 10 specific strategical tasks are outlined to reform Chinese education toward 2035. Originality/Value: The article will be useful to learn and understand the new directions and the future approaches of Chinese education development and reform toward 2035.

Why Legal Transplants?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Toby S. Goldbach
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Law ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Law And Society ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Legal Transplant ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Relations Of Power

In examining how laws and legal institutions move across jurisdictions, comparative law scholars have employed the metaphor of a legal transplant to conceptualize both the hazards and benefits of taking in another legal system's rules. As law and society scholars become increasingly interested in the international domain, they will naturally seek out disciplines that have grappled with issues of law and culture, diffusion of governance structures, and the social processes involved in transnational lawmaking. We can thus learn a great deal from the rich literature on legal transplants. However, we should also be wary of its anemic examination of relations of power and strive to employ empirical methods to measure the social forces and factors involved. This article gives an historical overview of the key developments and debates within the legal transplant literature and suggests new directions for further research intended for a sociology of the movement of law.

Feeling for an Audience

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Bonnie Ruberg ◽  
Amanda L. L. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Streaming Video ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Instructional Videos ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

Abstract The practice of live streaming video games is becoming increasingly popular worldwide (Taylor 2018). Live streaming represents more than entertainment; it is expanding the practice of turning play into work. Though it is commonly misconstrued as “just playing video games,” live streaming requires a great deal of behind-the-scenes labor, especially for women, who often face additional challenges as professionals within video game culture (AnyKey 2015). In this article, we shed light on one important aspect of the gendered work of video game live streaming: emotional labor. To do so, we present observations and insights drawn from our analysis of instructional videos created by women live streamers and posted to YouTube. These videos focus on “tips and tricks” for how aspiring streamers can become successful on Twitch. Building from these videos, we articulate the various forms that emotional labor takes for video game live streamers and the gendered implications of this labor. Within these videos, we identify key recurring topics, such as how streamers work to cultivate feelings in viewers, perform feelings, manage their own feelings, and use feelings to build personal brands and communities for their streams. Drawing from existing work on video games and labor, we move this scholarly conversation in important new directions by highlighting the role of emotional labor as a key facet of video game live streaming and insisting on the importance of attending to how the intersection of play and work is tied to identity.

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