scholarly journals Random, Factor, or Network Model? Predictions From Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Hudson Golino
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Better Than

The nature of associations between variables is important for constructing theory about psychological phenomena. In the last decade, this topic has received renewed interested with the introduction of psychometric network models. In psychology, these models are often contrasted with latent variable (e.g., factor) models. Recent research has shown that differences between the two tend to be more substantive than statistical. One recently developed algorithm called the Loadings Comparison Test (LCT) was developed to predict whether data were generated from a random, factor, or network model. A significant limitation of current LCT implementation is that it’s based on heuristics that were derived from descriptive statistics. In the present study, we used artificial neural networks to replace these heuristics, and develop a more robust and generalizable algorithm. We performed a simulation study that compared neural networks to the original LCT algorithm as well as logistic regression models that were trained on the same data. We found that the neural networks performed as well as or better than both methods, demonstrating generalizablity across data generating models. We echo the call for more formal theories about the relations between variables and discuss the role of the LCT in this process.

scholarly journals Factor or Network Model? Predictions From Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Small World ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Neural Networks

The nature of associations between variables is important for constructing theory about psychological phenomena. In the last decade, this topic has received renewed interest with the introduction of psychometric network models. In psychology, network models are often contrasted with latent variable (e.g., factor) models. Recent research has shown that differences between the two tend to be more substantive than statistical. One recently developed algorithm called the Loadings Comparison Test (LCT) was developed to predict whether data were generated from a factor or small-world network model. A significant limitation of the current LCT implementation is that it's based on heuristics that were derived from descriptive statistics. In the present study, we used artificial neural networks to replace these heuristics and develop a more robust and generalizable algorithm. We performed a Monte Carlo simulation study that compared neural networks to the original LCT algorithm as well as logistic regression models that were trained on the same data. We found that the neural networks performed as well as or better than both methods for predicting whether data were generated from a factor, small-world network, or random network model. Although the neural networks were trained on small-world networks, we show that they can reliably predict the data-generating model of random networks, demonstrating generalizability beyond the trained data. We echo the call for more formal theories about the relations between variables and discuss the role of the LCT in this process.

Can Network Models Represent Personality Structure and Processes Better than Trait Models Do?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rothmund ◽  
Anna Baumert ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Trait Model ◽  
Better Than

We argue that replacing the trait model with the network model proposed in the target article would be immature for three reasons. (i) If properly specified and grounded in substantive theories, the classic state–trait model provides a flexible framework for the description and explanation of person × situation transactions. (ii) Without additional substantive theories, the network model cannot guide the identification of personality components. (iii) Without assumptions about psychological processes that account for causal links among personality components, the concept of equilibrium has merely descriptive value and lacks explanatory power. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 1-D tracer concentration profile in a small river by means of Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1883-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Piotrowski ◽  
S. G. Wallis ◽  
J. J. Napiórkowski ◽  
P. M. Rowiński
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The prediction of temporal concentration profiles of a transported pollutant in a river is still a subject of ongoing research efforts worldwide. The present paper is aimed at studying the possibility of using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks to evaluate the whole concentration versus time profile at several cross-sections of a river under various flow conditions, using as little information about the river system as possible. In contrast with the earlier neural networks based work on longitudinal dispersion coefficients, this new approach relies more heavily on measurements of concentration collected during tracer tests over a range of flow conditions, but fewer hydraulic and morphological data are needed. The study is based upon 26 tracer experiments performed in a small river in Edinburgh, UK (Murray Burn) at various flow rates in a 540 m long reach. The only data used in this study were concentration measurements collected at 4 cross-sections, distances between the cross-sections and the injection site, time, as well as flow rate and water velocity, obtained according to the data measured at the 1st and 2nd cross-sections. The four main features of concentration versus time profiles at a particular cross-section, namely the peak concentration, the arrival time of the peak at the cross-section, and the shapes of the rising and falling limbs of the profile are modeled, and for each of them a separately designed neural network was used. There was also a variant investigated in which the conservation of the injected mass was assured by adjusting the predicted peak concentration. The neural network methods were compared with the unit peak attenuation curve concept. In general the neural networks predicted the main features of the concentration profiles satisfactorily. The predicted peak concentrations were generally better than those obtained using the unit peak attenuation method, and the method with mass-conservation assured generally performed better than the method that did not account for mass-conservation. Predictions of peak travel time were also better using the neural networks than the unit peak attenuation method. Including more data into the neural network training set clearly improved the prediction of the shapes of the concentration profiles. Similar improvements in peak concentration were less significant and the travel time prediction appeared to be largely unaffected.

Missing Data Approaches to Classification

2010 ◽  
pp. 187-209
Author(s):  
Tshilidzi Marwala
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Missing Data Problem ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Networks

In this chapter, a classifier technique that is based on a missing data estimation framework that uses autoassociative multi-layer perceptron neural networks and genetic algorithms is proposed. The proposed method is tested on a set of demographic properties of individuals obtained from the South African antenatal survey and compared to conventional feed-forward neural networks. The missing data approach based on the autoassociative network model proposed gives an accuracy of 92%, when compared to the accuracy of 84% obtained from the conventional feed-forward neural network models. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the proposed autoassociative network model is 0.86 compared to 0.80 for the conventional feed-forward neural network model. The autoassociative network model proposed in this chapter, therefore, outperforms the conventional feed-forward neural network models and is an improved classifier. The reasons for this are: (1) the propagation of errors in the autoassociative network model is more distributed while for a conventional feed-forward network is more concentrated; and (2) there is no causality between the demographic properties and the HIV and, therefore, the HIV status does change the demographic properties and vice versa. Therefore, it is better to treat the problem as a missing data problem rather than a feed-forward problem.

scholarly journals PPDIST, global 0.1° daily and 3-hourly precipitation probability distribution climatologies for 1979–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hylke E. Beck ◽  
Seth Westra ◽  
Jackson Tan ◽  
Florian Pappenberger ◽  
George J. Huffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Current State ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Global Land ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Better Than

Abstract We introduce the Precipitation Probability DISTribution (PPDIST) dataset, a collection of global high-resolution (0.1°) observation-based climatologies (1979–2018) of the occurrence and peak intensity of precipitation (P) at daily and 3-hourly time-scales. The climatologies were produced using neural networks trained with daily P observations from 93,138 gauges and hourly P observations (resampled to 3-hourly) from 11,881 gauges worldwide. Mean validation coefficient of determination (R2) values ranged from 0.76 to 0.80 for the daily P occurrence indices, and from 0.44 to 0.84 for the daily peak P intensity indices. The neural networks performed significantly better than current state-of-the-art reanalysis (ERA5) and satellite (IMERG) products for all P indices. Using a 0.1 mm 3 h−1 threshold, P was estimated to occur 12.2%, 7.4%, and 14.3% of the time, on average, over the global, land, and ocean domains, respectively. The highest P intensities were found over parts of Central America, India, and Southeast Asia, along the western equatorial coast of Africa, and in the intertropical convergence zone. The PPDIST dataset is available via www.gloh2o.org/ppdist.

Application of Chaos Particle Swarm Optimized Neural Networks for Evaluating the Credit Risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Zhi Bin Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chaos Optimization ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Better Than

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm based on chaos optimization and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the performance of the neural networks (NN) on evaluating credit risk. The hybrid algorthm not only maintains the advantage of simple structure, but also improves the convergence of the traditional PSO algorithm, and enhances the global optimization capability and accuracy of the algorithm. The test results indicate that the performance of the proposed model is better than the ones of NN model using the BP algorithm and traditional PSO algorithm.

scholarly journals Neural Networks for Target Selection in Direct Marketing

2002 ◽  
pp. 89-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Potharst ◽  
Uzay Kaymak ◽  
Wim Pijls
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Charity Organization ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The outline of the chapter is as follows. The section on direct marketing explains briefly what it is and discusses the target selection problem in direct marketing. Target selection for a charity organization is also explained. The next section discusses how neural networks can be used for building target selection models that a charity organization can use. The section on data preparation considers how the actual data for training the neural networks is obtained from the organization’s database. The actual model building steps are explained in the following section. The results of the neural network models are discussed afterwards, followed by a comparison of the results with some other target selection methods. Finally, the chapter concludes with a short discussion.

Modified Tartagli Method for Calculation of Jominy Hardenability Curve

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 892-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sitek ◽  
Jacek Trzaska ◽  
Leszek Adam Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Hardenability Curve

Basing on the experimental results of the hardenability investigations, which employed Jominy method, the model of the neural networks was developed and fully verified experimentally. The model makes it possible to obtain Jominy hardenability curves basing on the steel chemical composition. The modified hardenability curves calculation method is presented in the paper, initially developed by Tartaglia, Eldis, and Geissler, later extended by T. Inoue. The method makes use of the similarity of the Jominy curve to the hyperbolic secant function. The empirical formulae proposed by the authors make calculation of the hardenability curve possible basing on the chemical composition of the steel. However, regression coefficients characteristic for the particular steel grade must be known. Replacing some formulae by the neural network models is proposed in the paper.

Comprehensive Introduction to Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-48
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sai K. ◽  
Veneela Adapa ◽  
Hari Kishan Kondaveeti
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Neuron Models ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Biological Neuron ◽  
Comprehensive Introduction

Unknowingly, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an inevitable part of our lives. In this chapter, the authors discuss how the neural networks, a sub-part of AI, changed the way we analyse things. In this chapter, the advent of neural networks, inspiration from the human brain, simplification models of biological neuron models are discussed. Later, a detailed overview of various neural network models, their strengths, limitations, applications, and challenges are presented in detail.

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