scholarly journals Emotion Regulation Contagion: Stress Reappraisal Promotes Challenge Responses in Teammates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Oveis ◽  
Yumeng Gu ◽  
Joseph Manuel Ocampo ◽  
Emily J Hangen ◽  
Jeremy Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

How does emotion regulation impact teammates? We present data from a dyadic experiment(N=266) that assessed in vivo stress responses in teammates during collaborative (a face-to-face product design task) and then individual work (a product pitch to evaluators). Throughout the experiment, one manipulated teammate reappraised their stress arousal (reappraisal), suppressed their emotional displays (suppression), or received no instructions (control). Their non- manipulated teammate received no instructions. Stress reappraisal benefited both teammates, eliciting challenge-like physiological responses (higher cardiac output, lower total peripheral resistance) relative to the suppression and control conditions. These effects were observed during both face-to-face collaborative work and later individual work. A mediation model suggests that the face-to-face social contagion effects of stress reappraisal fed forward to promote non- manipulated teammates’ improved stress responses during the individual performance task. These findings indicate that non-manipulated teammates exhibited improved stress responses simply by interacting with a person who reappraised their stress as functional.

scholarly journals Gratitude Expressions Improve Teammates’ Cardiovascular Stress Responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Gu ◽  
Joseph Manuel Andrew Ocampo ◽  
Christopher Oveis ◽  
Sara Algoe
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Stress Responding

Gratitude expressions play a key role in strengthening relationships, suggesting gratitude might promote adaptive responses during teamwork. However, little research has examined gratitude’s impact on loose tie relationships (like coworkers), and similarly little research has examined how gratitude impacts stress responding or biological responses more generally. The present research uses an ecologically valid, dyadic teamwork paradigm to test how gratitude expressions impact in vivo challenge and threat stress responding, assessed via an index of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Compared to a control condition, teammates (N = 190) who were randomly assigned to a gratitude expression manipulation showed increased cardiovascular efficiency while jointly completing an acutely stressful collaborative work task (developing a product pitch). These effects persisted later in the session when the teammates completed an individual performance task (pitching the product). The finding that gratitude expressions promote adaptive biological responding at the dyadic level contributes to a growing literature on the social functions of positive emotions and gratitude, specifically. The present results suggest that workplace gratitude interventions can benefit stress responding, promoting resilience in teams

scholarly journals From Face-to-Face to Paired Oral Proficiency Interviews: The Nut is Yet to be Cracked

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Birjandi ◽  
Marzieh Bagherkazemi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Oral Proficiency Interviews ◽  
The Individual

The pressing need for English oral communication skills in multifarious contexts today is compelling impetus behind the large number of studies done on oral proficiency interviewing. Moreover, given the recently articulated concerns with the fairness and social dimension of such interviews, parallel concerns have been raised as to how most fairly to assess the oral communication skills of examinees, and what factors contribute to more skilled performance. This article sketches theory and practice on two rather competing formats of oral proficiency interviewing: face-to-face and paired. In the first place, it reviews the related literature on the alleged disadvantages of the individual format. Then, the pros and cons of the paired format are enumerated. It is discussed that the paired format has indeed met some of the criticisms leveled at individual oral proficiency interviewing. However, exploitation of the paired format as an undisputable alternative to the face-to-face format begs the question.

scholarly journals Ticket Inspectors in Action: Body-worn Camera Analysis of Aggressive and Non-aggressive Passenger Encounters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Bank Friis ◽  
Lasse Suonperä Liebst ◽  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Workplace Aggression ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Face ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
The Individual

AbstractObjective: Workplace aggression is a harmful occupational hazard, which has been associated with individual and organizational level risk factors. By comparison, little is known about the face-to-face interactional dynamics that shape employee victimizations. To address this gap, we provide an interactional analysis of how ticket inspector actions are asso-ciated with the risk of passenger aggression. Method: Data was a video sample of 123 ticket fining events from public buses recorded by occupational body-worn cameras. We systemati-cally coded the inspector and passenger actions in each fining event. The individual and inter-actional risk factors associated with passenger aggression were estimated with a logistic re-gression model. Results: Our empirical analysis suggests that aggressive fining events unfold as “character contests,” in which the actions of the inspectors are associated with the aggres-sive outcome. Conclusions: These findings are in line with situational approaches to violence highlighting that aggressive incidents often develop as an interplay between victim and of-fender actions. We propose focusing on the behavioral actions of employees for prevention measures of workplace aggression.

An open future? The principle of autonomy within medical ‘codes of conduct’ versus the heteronomy effects of predictive medicine

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignaas Devisch
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Predictive Medicine ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
The Individual

AbstractTraditionally, the average code of conduct within Western health care starts from the autonomy of the patient. In addition, medicine today is ‘evidence based’ and the patient is an ‘informed consent’. Yet, the individual autonomy of the patient in health care is not simply enhancing today. Quite a few fundamental changes have and are currently at work within health care, which I will summarize here with the paradigm of predictive medicine. One of the characteristics of this paradigm is the increase of medical consults which are not autonomously chosen by an individual. For reasons of public health and diminishing of health risks or for reasons of prevention, on one hand we are dealing with ethical codes centered around the autonomy of patients and the face-to-face relations with health care workers, on the other, we are dealing with a society that takes an increasingly greater medical initiatives. Therefore, the question arises if predictive medicine confronts us with the limits of an ethical code as we know it today. Is there not an urgent need for a political code of conduct in health care?

scholarly journals Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Isaac Barroso ◽  
João Tiago Guimarães ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Vanda Craveiro ◽  
Elisabete Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

Background: The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear. Methods: As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the ages of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by self- and face-to-face-administered questionnaires, along with a physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements and blood sample collections. Mixed-effects models were used to identify individual trajectories of white blood cells (WBC) and finite Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the clusters of individual trajectories. Results: Participants were allocated into six clusters based on the individual trajectories of WBC distribution. Higher Inflammatory Activation Cluster (11.4%) had the highest total WBC count and neutrophils percentage, as well as the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. These participants had significantly higher odds of being overweight [OR = 2.44, 95%CI:1.51–3.92]. Lowest Levels of WBC Cluster (24.1%) had the lowest total WBC count, being characterized by a higher participation on sports [OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.12–2.13]. Highest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster (20.1%) had the highest eosinophils percentage and the highest likelihood of having been diagnosed with a chronic disease [OR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.43–3.13], namely “asthma or allergies” [OR = 14.0 (1.73, 112.2]. Lowest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster (29.1%) had the lowest percentage of eosinophils and basophils, as well as the highest lymphocyte proportion. Participants in the Undefined Cluster (13.8%) showed the highest percentage of monocytes and basophils and were also characterized by significant lower odds of having parents with 7–9 years of schooling [OR = 0.56, (0.32, 0.99]. Conclusions: In this study we identified distinct immunological trajectories of WBC from adolescence to adulthood that were associated with social, clinical and behavioral determinants. These results suggest that these immunological trajectories are defined early in life, being dependent on the exposures.

What is resilience? A review and concept analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Windle
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

SummaryThe complexities of defining what appears to be the relatively simple concept of resilience are widely recognized. This paper analyses the concept of resilience from a range of disciplinary perspectives and clarifies a definition in order to inform research, policy and practice. The work takes a life course approach to resilience, examining evidence derived from research across the lifespan. It incorporates the methods of systematic review, concept analysis and consultation through face-to-face meetings. The synthesis of methodological approaches enables a clear identification of the antecedents, defining attributes and consequences of resilience, validated with stakeholder partners. Through this process, resilience is defined as the process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma. Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and ‘bouncing back’ in the face of adversity. Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary. A large proportion of resilience research is routed within the discipline of developmental psychology, and has mainly been developed with children and adolescents. A major contribution to resilience research could be made through more multi-disciplinary studies that examine the dynamics of resilience across the lifespan, its role in healthy ageing and in managing loss, such as changes in cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Behavioral and neural markers of social vision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Abassi ◽  
Liuba Papeo
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
The Individual

Research on face perception has revealed highly specialized visual mechanisms such as configural processing, and provided markers of interindividual differences -including disease risks and alterations- in visuoperceptual abilities that traffic in social cognition. Is face perception unique in degree or kind of mechanisms, and in its relevance for social cognition? Combining fMRI and behavioral methods, we address the processing of an uncharted class of socially relevant stimuli: minimal social scenes involving configurations of two bodies spatially close and face-to-face. We report category-specific activity for facing (vs. non-facing) two-body configurations in visual cortex. That activity shows face-like signatures of configural processing -i.e., stronger response and greater susceptibility to stimulus inversion for facing (vs. non-facing) dyads-, and is predicted by performance-based measures of body-dyad perception. Moreover, individual performance in body-dyad perception is reliable, stable-over-time and correlated with the individual social sensitivity, coarsely captured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Further analyses clarify the relationship between single-body and body-dyad perception. We propose that facing dyads are processed with the same high specialization of the most biologically/socially relevant stimuli: faces. Like face perception, facing-dyad perception can provide a measure of basic (visual) processes that lay the foundations for understanding others, their relationships and interactions.

scholarly journals Associations between Infant-Mother Physiological Synchrony and 4- to 6-Month-Old Infants’ Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew H. Abney ◽  
Elizabeth B. daSilva ◽  
Bennett I. Bertenthal
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Physiological Synchrony ◽  
The Face ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

AbstractIn this study we assessed whether physiological synchrony between infants and mothers contributes to infants’ emotion regulation following a mild social stressor. Infants between 4- to 6-months of age and their mothers were tested in the Face-to-Face-Still-Face paradigm, and were assessed for behavioral and physiological self-regulation during and following the stressor. Physiological synchrony was calculated from a continuous measure of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) enabling us to cross-correlate the infants’ and mothers’ RSA responses. Without considering physiological synchrony, the evidence suggested that infants’ distress followed the prototypical pattern of increasing during the Still Face episode and then decreasing during the Reunion episode. Once physiological synchrony was added to the model, we observed that infants’ emotion regulation improved if mother-infant synchrony was positive, but not if it was negative. This result was qualified further by whether or not infants suppressed their RSA response during the Still Face episode. In sum, these findings highlight how individual differences in infants’ physiological responses contribute significantly to their self-regulation abilities.

Mothers as Singing Mentors for Infants

2015 ◽  
pp. 454-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Trehub ◽  
Helga Rut Gudmundsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pitch Contours ◽  
Skill Building

Mothers sing expressively while caring for infants. Initially, such singing is for emotion regulation: for promoting tranquility, sleep, playful engagement, or stress reduction, depending on the context. Infants’ responsiveness to such singing encourages further maternal singing. Mothers act as singing mentors even though their mentoring is initially intuitive versus deliberate, emphasizing pleasure/comfort over precision. Their singing also has intuitive didactic aspects in its emphasis on pitch and temporal structure of songs. The face-to-face context provides infants with performances featuring distinctive visual/vocal gestures. As imitators, infants mimic maternal performances, prompting mothers to become deliberate mentors who coax increasingly complex contributions from infants. Initially, infants make single-syllable contributions to such duets, progressing to phrases and songs. Well before age two, many toddlers produce singing that preserves pitch contours, rhythms, and approximate range of familiar songs. Subsequent educator mentoring can build on these achievements if relationship building and maintenance have priority over skill building.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation in infants using maternal singing and speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niusha Ghazban
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Infant Distress ◽  
The Face

The interaction between a mother and her infant has been described as an intricate ‘dance’ involving coordinated singing and movement (Feldman, 2007). It is widely accepted that infant-directed (ID) speech, characterized as having higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation, is an effective means of communicating with infants and holding their attention (Papousek et al., 1985). Singing is another universally observed caregiving behaviour. Mothers across cultures intuitively use infant-directed (ID) singing to regulate their infants’ emotional state (de l’Etoile, 2006; Nakata & Trehub, 2004). While ID speech and singing appear to be equally successful in regulating infants’ attention (Corbeil, et al., 2013), their effects in modulating infants’ distress are less clear. More precisely, while stress and arousal are intimately connected, there is no research to date that has investigated the efficacy of speech and singing in alleviating infant distress. Using a modified version of the Face-to-Face/Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm (Tronick et al., 1978), the current study is the first to examine 10-month-old infants’ behavioural and physiological responses, via Skin Conductance (SC), to their mother’s singing and speaking. Stress was effectively induced in the still-face episode with infants exhibiting typical “still-face” behaviours and elevated SC responses. The results indicated that in the reunion episode, mother’s singing was more effective in decreasing infant’s physiological arousal, regulating negative affect and promoting infants’ visual attention in comparison to maternal speaking. However, the genre of songs selected (e.g., play song or lullaby) might have been contributed to the positive outcomes of singing in regulating infants’ emotions. Therefore, the second study used the same methodology to examine the effects of maternal play songs and lullabies on infants’ physiological and behavioural responses. The results indicated that maternal play songs were more effective in regulating infants’ stress as well as capturing and maintaining their attention than were soothing lullabies. Taken together, the findings indicate that maternal singing, specifically playful performances, supports infants’ emotions and effectively regulates their stress.

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