scholarly journals Ticket Inspectors in Action: Body-worn Camera Analysis of Aggressive and Non-aggressive Passenger Encounters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Bank Friis ◽  
Lasse Suonperä Liebst ◽  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Workplace Aggression ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Face ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
The Individual

AbstractObjective: Workplace aggression is a harmful occupational hazard, which has been associated with individual and organizational level risk factors. By comparison, little is known about the face-to-face interactional dynamics that shape employee victimizations. To address this gap, we provide an interactional analysis of how ticket inspector actions are asso-ciated with the risk of passenger aggression. Method: Data was a video sample of 123 ticket fining events from public buses recorded by occupational body-worn cameras. We systemati-cally coded the inspector and passenger actions in each fining event. The individual and inter-actional risk factors associated with passenger aggression were estimated with a logistic re-gression model. Results: Our empirical analysis suggests that aggressive fining events unfold as “character contests,” in which the actions of the inspectors are associated with the aggres-sive outcome. Conclusions: These findings are in line with situational approaches to violence highlighting that aggressive incidents often develop as an interplay between victim and of-fender actions. We propose focusing on the behavioral actions of employees for prevention measures of workplace aggression.

scholarly journals Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Recurrent Falls in Elderly Patients Hospitalized after Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
The Individual

Falls and recurrent falls cause great health and social consequences in older people. However, these problems are poorly understood in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed at seven hospitals in Thai Binh province, Vietnam, to investigate the individual and environmental factors associated with recurrent falls among elderly patients hospitalized due to fall injuries in Vietnam. A history of recurrent falls within the last 12 months, sociodemographic, health, and clinical characteristics, as well as environmental conditions, were obtained via self-reported interviews. Multivariate logistic and Poisson regression models were used to identify associated factors. Overall, the mean fall episodes in the last 12 months were 1.8 (Standard deviation—SD = 1.2) episodes, and the 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls was 40.5%. The individual risk factors included not receiving fall prevention guidelines, walking with devices, loss of sensation in hand or foot, and using pain relief medications. The environmental risk factors comprised having too-high stairs and not having dry, clean, and nonslippery bathrooms. This study highlights a significantly high 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls in older patients hospitalized after falls in Vietnam. Moreover, regular assessments of functional disabilities and hazardous environmental conditions, as well as the provision of prevention programs, have potential to prevent falls and recurrent falls.

scholarly journals From Face-to-Face to Paired Oral Proficiency Interviews: The Nut is Yet to be Cracked

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Birjandi ◽  
Marzieh Bagherkazemi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Oral Proficiency Interviews ◽  
The Individual

The pressing need for English oral communication skills in multifarious contexts today is compelling impetus behind the large number of studies done on oral proficiency interviewing. Moreover, given the recently articulated concerns with the fairness and social dimension of such interviews, parallel concerns have been raised as to how most fairly to assess the oral communication skills of examinees, and what factors contribute to more skilled performance. This article sketches theory and practice on two rather competing formats of oral proficiency interviewing: face-to-face and paired. In the first place, it reviews the related literature on the alleged disadvantages of the individual format. Then, the pros and cons of the paired format are enumerated. It is discussed that the paired format has indeed met some of the criticisms leveled at individual oral proficiency interviewing. However, exploitation of the paired format as an undisputable alternative to the face-to-face format begs the question.

scholarly journals Tehetség a munkahelyen 2. A tehetségmenedzsment gyakorlati szempontjai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klajkó Dóra ◽  
Kázmér-Mayer Szilvia ◽  
Fejes Nikoletta ◽  
Csapó Gyöngyvér ◽  
Bakurecz Bonnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Risk

Háttér és célkitűzésA tehetségmenedzsment (TM) a digitalizáció, a demográfiai változások és a COVID –19 munkavállalókra gyakorolt és gazdasági hatásai kapcsán egyre aktuálisabbá válik mind regionális, mind szervezeti szinten. A „tehetségfüggés” fokozottan érvényesül az innováció-és tudásorientált fejlett társadalmakban, valamint recesszió idején, amikor erősödik annak az esélye, hogy a legtehetségesebb szakemberek kiáramlanak egy adott országból. A TM nem csupán gyakorlati, hanem elméleti kihívást is jelent a kutatók számára a koncepció komplexitása miatt. Elméleti összefoglalónk a tehetségről való gondolkodás szervezetpszichológiai aspektusaira fókuszál. Áttekintjük a szervezeti TM jellemző eszköztárát és az elmúlt évtizedekben történt legfőbb változásokat, a jövőre irányuló tendenciákat.MódszerHazai és nemzetközi szakirodalmi forrásokat dolgoztunk fel és szintetizáltunk.Eredmények és következtetésekA nemzetközi szakirodalmi áttekintés alapján látszik, hogy a munkahelyi TM témaköre leginkább közgazdasági és HR-fókuszú kutatásokban bukkan fel. Áttekintésünk célja, hogy bemutassuk, mely pontokon járulhat hozzá a (szervezet)pszichológia e terület alaposabb, mélyebb megértéséhez és hosszú távon hatékony vállalati TM-programok kialakításához. Bemutatjuk a szervezeti TM hatékony módszereit, jó gyakorlatait, hatásait a szervezetre és az egyénre nézve, valamint az esetleges pszichológiai kockázati tényezőket.Background and objectiveTalent management (TM) is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of digitalization, demographic change and the economic and economic impact of COVID-19, both at a regional and organizational level. “Talent dependency” is increasingly prevalent in innovation-and knowledge-oriented advanced societies and in times of recession. In such a situation, the chances of the turnover of most talented professionals increase. TM is not only a practical but also a theoretical challenge for researchers due to the complexity of the concept. Our theoretical summary focuses on the organizational psychological aspects of thinking about talent. We review the standard toolkit of organizational TM and the main changes and future trends of the last decades.MethodWe processed and synthesized domestic and international pieces of literature.Results and conclusionsWe considered based on the international literature review, that the topic of workplace TM appears mostly in economics and HR-focused research. The purpose of our study is to present the points at which (organizational) psychology can contribute to a more thorough, in-depth understanding of this field and the development of effective corporate TM programs in the long run. We present the effective methods, acceptable practices, effects of the organization TM on the organization and the individual, as well as possible psychological risk factors.

An open future? The principle of autonomy within medical ‘codes of conduct’ versus the heteronomy effects of predictive medicine

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignaas Devisch
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Predictive Medicine ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
The Individual

AbstractTraditionally, the average code of conduct within Western health care starts from the autonomy of the patient. In addition, medicine today is ‘evidence based’ and the patient is an ‘informed consent’. Yet, the individual autonomy of the patient in health care is not simply enhancing today. Quite a few fundamental changes have and are currently at work within health care, which I will summarize here with the paradigm of predictive medicine. One of the characteristics of this paradigm is the increase of medical consults which are not autonomously chosen by an individual. For reasons of public health and diminishing of health risks or for reasons of prevention, on one hand we are dealing with ethical codes centered around the autonomy of patients and the face-to-face relations with health care workers, on the other, we are dealing with a society that takes an increasingly greater medical initiatives. Therefore, the question arises if predictive medicine confronts us with the limits of an ethical code as we know it today. Is there not an urgent need for a political code of conduct in health care?

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 screening among people living in homeless shelters in Brussels, Belgium

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252886
Author(s):  
Michel Roland ◽  
Louisa Ben Abdelhafidh ◽  
Victoria Déom ◽  
Frank Vanbiervliet ◽  
Yves Coppieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World

Background Subgroups of precarious populations such as homeless people are more exposed to infection and at higher risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19 compared to the general population. Many of the recommended prevention measures, such as social distancing and self-isolation, are not feasible for a population living in shelters characterised by physical proximity and a high population density. The objective of the study was to describe SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in homeless shelters in Brussels (Belgium), and to identify risk factors and infection control practices associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates. Methods A total of 1994 adults were tested by quantitative PCR tests in 52 shelters in Brussels (Belgium) between April and June, 2020, in collaboration with Doctors of the World. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence is here described site by site, and we identify risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates. We also investigate associations between seropositivity and reported symptoms. Results We found an overall prevalence of 4.6% for the period, and a cluster of high rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (20–30% in two shelters). Among homeless people, being under 40 years of age (OR (CI95%) 2.3 (1.2–4.4), p = 0.02), having access to urgent medical care (AMU) (OR(CI95%): 2.4 (1.4–4.4)], p = 0.02), and sharing a room with someone who tested positive (OR(CI95%): 5.3 (2.9–9.9), p<0.0001) were factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates. 93% of those who tested positive were asymptomatic. Conclusion This study shows high rates of SARS-COV-2 infection positive tests in some shelters, with a high proportion of asymptomatic cases. The survey reveals how important testing and isolation measures are, together with actions taken by medical and social workers during the outbreak.

scholarly journals Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Isaac Barroso ◽  
João Tiago Guimarães ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Vanda Craveiro ◽  
Elisabete Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

Background: The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear. Methods: As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the ages of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by self- and face-to-face-administered questionnaires, along with a physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements and blood sample collections. Mixed-effects models were used to identify individual trajectories of white blood cells (WBC) and finite Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the clusters of individual trajectories. Results: Participants were allocated into six clusters based on the individual trajectories of WBC distribution. Higher Inflammatory Activation Cluster (11.4%) had the highest total WBC count and neutrophils percentage, as well as the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. These participants had significantly higher odds of being overweight [OR = 2.44, 95%CI:1.51–3.92]. Lowest Levels of WBC Cluster (24.1%) had the lowest total WBC count, being characterized by a higher participation on sports [OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.12–2.13]. Highest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster (20.1%) had the highest eosinophils percentage and the highest likelihood of having been diagnosed with a chronic disease [OR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.43–3.13], namely “asthma or allergies” [OR = 14.0 (1.73, 112.2]. Lowest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster (29.1%) had the lowest percentage of eosinophils and basophils, as well as the highest lymphocyte proportion. Participants in the Undefined Cluster (13.8%) showed the highest percentage of monocytes and basophils and were also characterized by significant lower odds of having parents with 7–9 years of schooling [OR = 0.56, (0.32, 0.99]. Conclusions: In this study we identified distinct immunological trajectories of WBC from adolescence to adulthood that were associated with social, clinical and behavioral determinants. These results suggest that these immunological trajectories are defined early in life, being dependent on the exposures.

scholarly journals Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Setegn Muche Fenta ◽  
Teshager Zerihun Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Background. Diarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year, it kills more than 525,000 children under 5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed at identifying both individual- and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods. Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify both individual- and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea. Result. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was 12% (95% CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random-effects model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea was explained by individual- and community-level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36–59 months ( AOR = 3.166 ; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child ( AOR = 1.871 ; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above ( AOR = 2.210 , 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination ( AOR = 1.197 ; 95% CI: 1.190, 1.527), smaller size of child at birth ( AOR = 1.303 ; 95% CI: 1.130, 1.504), and never breastfed children ( AOR = 2.91 ; 95% CI: 2.380, 3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ( AOR = 1.505 ; 95% CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water ( AOR = 1.289 ; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567), and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, children who live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to cluster in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding, and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Healthcare Workers' Insomnia Symptoms and Fatigue in the Fight Against COVID-19, and the Role of Organizational Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zou ◽  
Shaokun Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Jiali Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been exposed to increased risks of insomnia and fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we identify important risk factors associated with insomnia symptoms and fatigue among HCWs, and evaluate the effect of organizational support on insomnia and fatigue symptoms.Methods: This is an online cross-sectional survey of HCWs in China administered during the COVID-19 epidemic (from February 27, 2020 to March 12, 2020). We employed the AIS-8 scale for insomnia screening, and a self-reported ten-point scale to evaluate subjects' degrees of fatigue. We also designed a four-point scale to assess the degree of social support provided on an organizational level. Additionally, we conducted logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors.Results: This study included a total of 3,557 participants, 41% of which consisted of non-frontline HCWs and 59% of which was frontline HCWs. Of the non-frontline HCWs, 49% reported insomnia symptoms, and 53.8% reported a moderate to high degree of fatigue. Meanwhile, among the frontline HCWs, the percentages for insomnia and moderate to high fatigue were 63.4% and 72.2%, respectively. Additionally, frontline HCWs and HCWs employed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) had elevated risks of insomnia and fatigue. However, with increased organizational support, insomnia symptoms decreased among frontline HCWs. Also, organizational support mitigated the positive correlation between daily working hours and degree of fatigue among HCWs.Conclusion: Frontline HCWs and staff in Chinese CDCs have been at a high risk of insomnia symptoms and fatigue during the fight against COVID-19. This study provides evidence for the positive effects of organizational support in relation to insomnia and fatigue among HCWs. This sheds light on government responses to the COVID-19 epidemic for other countries.

What is resilience? A review and concept analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Windle
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

SummaryThe complexities of defining what appears to be the relatively simple concept of resilience are widely recognized. This paper analyses the concept of resilience from a range of disciplinary perspectives and clarifies a definition in order to inform research, policy and practice. The work takes a life course approach to resilience, examining evidence derived from research across the lifespan. It incorporates the methods of systematic review, concept analysis and consultation through face-to-face meetings. The synthesis of methodological approaches enables a clear identification of the antecedents, defining attributes and consequences of resilience, validated with stakeholder partners. Through this process, resilience is defined as the process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma. Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and ‘bouncing back’ in the face of adversity. Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary. A large proportion of resilience research is routed within the discipline of developmental psychology, and has mainly been developed with children and adolescents. A major contribution to resilience research could be made through more multi-disciplinary studies that examine the dynamics of resilience across the lifespan, its role in healthy ageing and in managing loss, such as changes in cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with medication ordering errors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Abraham ◽  
William L Galanter ◽  
Daniel Touchette ◽  
Yinglin Xia ◽  
Katherine J Holzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Computerized Order Entry ◽  
Response Errors

Abstract Objective We utilized a computerized order entry system–integrated function referred to as “void” to identify erroneous orders (ie, a “void” order). Using voided orders, we aimed to (1) identify the nature and characteristics of medication ordering errors, (2) investigate the risk factors associated with medication ordering errors, and (3) explore potential strategies to mitigate these risk factors. Materials and Methods We collected data on voided orders using clinician interviews and surveys within 24 hours of the voided order and using chart reviews. Interviews were informed by the human factors–based SEIPS (Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety) model to characterize the work systems–based risk factors contributing to ordering errors; chart reviews were used to establish whether a voided order was a true medication ordering error and ascertain its impact on patient safety. Results During the 16-month study period (August 25, 2017, to December 31, 2018), 1074 medication orders were voided; 842 voided orders were true medication errors (positive predictive value = 78.3 ± 1.2%). A total of 22% (n = 190) of the medication ordering errors reached the patient, with at least a single administration, without causing patient harm. Interviews were conducted on 355 voided orders (33% response). Errors were not uniquely associated with a single risk factor, but the causal contributors of medication ordering errors were multifactorial, arising from a combination of technological-, cognitive-, environmental-, social-, and organizational-level factors. Conclusions The void function offers a practical, standardized method to create a rich database of medication ordering errors. We highlight implications for utilizing the void function for future research, practice and learning opportunities.

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