scholarly journals From Face-to-Face to Paired Oral Proficiency Interviews: The Nut is Yet to be Cracked

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Birjandi ◽  
Marzieh Bagherkazemi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Oral Proficiency Interviews ◽  
The Individual

The pressing need for English oral communication skills in multifarious contexts today is compelling impetus behind the large number of studies done on oral proficiency interviewing. Moreover, given the recently articulated concerns with the fairness and social dimension of such interviews, parallel concerns have been raised as to how most fairly to assess the oral communication skills of examinees, and what factors contribute to more skilled performance. This article sketches theory and practice on two rather competing formats of oral proficiency interviewing: face-to-face and paired. In the first place, it reviews the related literature on the alleged disadvantages of the individual format. Then, the pros and cons of the paired format are enumerated. It is discussed that the paired format has indeed met some of the criticisms leveled at individual oral proficiency interviewing. However, exploitation of the paired format as an undisputable alternative to the face-to-face format begs the question.

scholarly journals استراتيجيات تعليم مهارة الاتصال الشفوي باللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها: تجارب شخصية / The teaching strategies of oral communication skills in Arabic for non-native Arabic speakers: Personal experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Hasanein Ahmed Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
The Individual

ملخص البحث: يعتبر الاتصال الشفوي (الكلام) الوسيلة الفاعلة في بلورة الفكرة الكامنة لدى الفرد، وإخراجها بصورة صوتية تمثل تلك الفكرة تمثيلاً واضحاً، وإيصالها إلى الطرف الآخر –المستمع-دون لبس أو غموض، ويرى الباحث أن الطلبة غير العرب عند التّحدث باللغة العربية يتعثرون على الرغم من تخصصهم في تعلُّمِها بوصفها لغة ثانية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أسباب إحجام الطلبة عن التحدث باللغة العربية، ومن ثَمَّ إبراز بعض الاستراتيجيات التي استخدمها الباحث في تعليم مهارة الاتصال الشفوي لطلبة بكالوريوس التربية، تخصص تعليم لغة عربية بوصفها لغة ثانية على مدى الخمس السنوات الماضية بالجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تعليم وتعلم اللغة العربية خارج موطنها يعتريه كثير من العقبات تتمثل في البيئة المحيطة بالدارس، والمناهج والمقررات، والوسائل المعينة اللازمة، وينبغي أن يخصص وقت لممارسة الكلام باللغة العربية داخل الصفوف الدراسية، وإتاحة الفرصة لكل طالب أو طالبة في التعبير الشفوي، مع التشجيع الكامل من المعلم، ويتم تصحيح الخطأ بطريقة محفزة، وترصد لهم مكافآت ولو رمزية، تعزيزاً لدفعهم للكلام، وكسر حاجز الخوف والخجل، وإكسابهم الجسارة والجرأة والثقة. على أن يكون الوقت المخصص للكلام إلزاميا لجميع الطلبة دارسي اللغة العربية، ولكل المقررات المتعلقة باللغة. الكلمات المفتاحية: إحجام الطلبة - التخصص – اللغة الثانية- الاتصال الشفوي - الاستراتيجيات. Abstract: The oral communication (speech) is the effective method in developing the idea of the individual and to present it in clear representation and delivery to the other party — the listener-unambiguously. Since the oral communication is one of major concern of the target language, the teaching and learning requires using a variety of strategies to achieve the goal of language learning. The focus of this paper is the oral communication difficulties faced by non-Arab speaking students despite their specialization in learning Arabic as a second language. Therefore this paper aims to find out reasons why students con not communicate well in Arabic Language, and highlight some of the strategies used by the researcher in the teaching of oral communication skills for the Bachelor of education students, specializing in teaching Arabic as a second Language over the past five years in the International Islamic University-Malaysia, where the strategies used  had great impact in breaking the barrier of shyness of speaking in Arabic, and improved their performance in oral expression in multiple areas. From these strategies; the use of multimedia presentation, questions and answers, the excitement by viewing the strange or fantastic scenes that evoke the students to express them orally, and movements, representation, simulation and other strategies that draw the attention of students and encourages them to speak. As well as the cooperation and interaction between teacher and students and among the students themselves. The descriptive methodology will be applied in this paper to explore the teaching strategies implemented by the researcher in teaching oral communication skill, which shown great impact on students achievements.    Key Words: Motivating student – Major – Second language – Oral communication – strategies.   Abstrak: Pertuturan lisan ialah satu cara berkesan dalam mengembang idea seseorang itu untuk menjelaskan maksud kepada pihak kedua tanpa kesamaran. Memandangkan pertuturan lisan adalah satu aspek fokus bahasa yang dipelajari, pembeljaran dan pengajarannya memerlukan beberapa strategi untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran bahasa. Tumpuan kertas ini ialah terhadap permasalahan komunikasi yang dialami oleh pelajar bukan Arab walaupun mereka adalah pelajar pengkhususan Bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua. Perbincangan tertumpuuntuk mencari sebab kelemahan pertuturan komunikasi lisan para pelajar dalam bahasa Arab dan beberapa strategi yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam mengajar kemahiran pertuturan lisan bahasa Arab untuk pelajar Sarjana Muda Bahasa Arab Pendidikan daripada lebih lima tahun pengalaman beliau di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia. Startegi tersebut dilihat dapat memberi kesan dalam memecah kebuntuan sikap malu para pelajar bertutur dalam bahasa Arab dan meningkatkan penguasaan mereka dalam pelbagai bidang. Di antara strategi ini ialah: penggunaan multi-media, soal jawab, rasa kagum apabila diperlihatkan gambar yang pelik dan menarik menjadikanpelajar ingin menyatakan pendapat mereka secara lisan. Strategi lain juga termasuk: pergerakan, penampilan, simulasi dan pelbagai strategi yang menggalakkan pelajar bertutur serta sikap saling membantu dan interaksi di antara pensyarah dan pelajar. Kertas ini menggunakan metod deskriptif.   Kata kunci: Menggalakkan pelajar – pengkhususan – bahasa kedua – petuturan lisan – strategi.

scholarly journals Bimbingan Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran 4C (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, And Creativity) Bagi Guru Peserta MGMP Matematika SMA Kota Banjarmasin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Iskandar Zulkarnain ◽  
Yuni Suryaningsih ◽  
Rahmita Noorbaiti ◽  
Liko Noor Noor R Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
The City

Guru harus mempunyai strategi untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran yang dapat memfasilitasi agar peserta didik memiliki keterampilan komunikatif, kreatif, aktif, dan inovatif. Sebagai upaya mendukung hal tersebut, tim pengabdian mengadakan pelatihan untuk membimbing guru khususnya peserta MGMP (Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran) Matematika SMA Kota Banjarmasin dalam penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran (perangkat pembelajaran) 4C (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creativity). Kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan perangkat pembelajaran 4C dan teori-teori yang mendasarinya, sehingga dapat mendukung para guru untuk menerapkannya.  Metode tatap muka untuk penyampaian materi dilakukan di Aula SMAN 5 Banjarmasin dan dihadiri oleh 57 guru matematika wilayah Kota Banjarmasin. Tahapan kegiatan terdiri dari penyampaian materi mengenai konsep dasar 4C, pembimbingan peserta membuat perangkat pembelajaran, mendiskusikan kesulitan, pembimbingan perbaikan perangkat, sehingga dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran keterampilan 4C. Kegiatan ini berfokus pada tahap awal yakni penyampaian materi terkait perangkat pembelajaran keterampian 4C, teori-teori yang mendasarinya, serta paparan contoh perangkat. Kegiatan ini sangat mendukung peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam rangka meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan komunikasi peserta didik. Teachers must have a strategy to develop learning instruments to facilitate students with communicative, creative, active, and innovative skills. To support this, the service team held a training to guide teachers, especially Mathematics Teachers (MGMP) Participants in Banjarmasin City High Schools in the preparation of 4C (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creativity) learning instruments. This activity aims to introduce 4C learning instruments and their underlying theories to encourage teachers to apply them. The face-to-face method for delivering material was carried out in the Hall of SMAN 5 Banjarmasin and attended by 57 mathematics teachers in the city of Banjarmasin. The activity stages consisted of delivering material on the basic concepts of 4C, guiding participants to create learning instruments, and discussing difficulties, guiding the improvement of instruments, so that 4C skills learning instruments were produced. This activity focuses on the initial stage, namely the delivery of material related to the 4C achievement learning instruments, the theories underlying it, and exposure to sample instruments. This activity is very supportive of improving teachers' ability to improve students' creative thinking and communication skills.

scholarly journals Reflexiones sobre la enseñanza - aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en la carrera de Ingeniería Civil

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Walter Cañarte Ávila ◽  
Ned Quevedo Arnaiz ◽  
Nemis García Arias
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face

Este trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivo reflexionar el tratamiento que se le da a la formación y desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral en las condiciones actuales en que se emplean modalidades que combinan lo tutorial y lo presencial en la enseñanza aprendizaje del inglés para la carrera de Ingeniería Civil en el Ecuador, mediante métodos de análisis y síntesis y el análisis de documentos se reflexiona desde posiciones flexibles las posibilidades  de  desarrollo  que  esa  combinación  entre  las  realidades  presenciales  y  las virtuales ofrecen para el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera en la formación del profesional..  De  ahí  que  el  problema  es  el  restringido  tratamiento  metodológico  en  la enseñanza   aprendizaje   del   inglés   que   obstaculiza   el   desarrollo   de   la   competencia comunicativa oral para la Ingeniería Civil. Su campo de Acción el   Tratamiento a la competencia comunicativa oral del inglés en la modalidad combinada, tutorial y presencial. Se argumenta la importancia  del protagonismo del estudiante como indicador de calidad del aprendizaje, que incluye a su vez atención a la diversidad educativa.  Criterios que parten de los postulados del enfoque histórico cultural de L. S. Vygotsky, que sirven de guía para realizar propuestas que combinen lo presencial y lo tutorial en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Se precisa garantizar la formación y desarrollo de  actitudes y valores, y la apropiación de conocimientos y habilidades, comunes y específicos del estudiante, desde el Inglés, como expresión de un enfoque interdisciplinario.  Palabras claves: proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, formación del profesional, competencia comunicativa en inglés, modalidad presencial y tutorial Reflections on the teaching - learning of foreign languages in Civil Engineering    Abstract This research work aims at reflecting the treatment given to the formation and development of oral communicative competence under current conditions in which tutorial guidance and face- to-face guidance combine in the learning of English for the Civil Engineering Major. By the using methods of analysis and synthesis and analysis of documents from flexible positions, it is  reflected  the  development  possibilities  that  combination  between  the  face-to-face  and virtual realities offer for English learning as a foreign language in the professional. Hence that the problem of the research is restricted methodological approach in the learning of English that hinders the development of oral communication skills for Civil Engineering. Its field of action is the treatment of oral communicative competence in English combined, face- to- face and tutorial guidances, in Civil Engineering. The importance of student leadership as a quality indicator of learning, which in turn includes attention to educational diversity is argued. Criteria are based on the principles of cultural historical approach to L S Vygotsky, that guide to make proposals that combine the face-to- face   and tutorial guidances, in teaching and learning.It is necessary to ensure the training and development of attitudes and values, and the appropriation of knowledge and skills, common and specific of the student from the English, as an expression of an interdisciplinary approach.  Keywords: teaching and learning process, professional training, communicative competence in English, face-to- face , tutorial guidances

scholarly journals Ticket Inspectors in Action: Body-worn Camera Analysis of Aggressive and Non-aggressive Passenger Encounters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Bank Friis ◽  
Lasse Suonperä Liebst ◽  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Workplace Aggression ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Face ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
The Individual

AbstractObjective: Workplace aggression is a harmful occupational hazard, which has been associated with individual and organizational level risk factors. By comparison, little is known about the face-to-face interactional dynamics that shape employee victimizations. To address this gap, we provide an interactional analysis of how ticket inspector actions are asso-ciated with the risk of passenger aggression. Method: Data was a video sample of 123 ticket fining events from public buses recorded by occupational body-worn cameras. We systemati-cally coded the inspector and passenger actions in each fining event. The individual and inter-actional risk factors associated with passenger aggression were estimated with a logistic re-gression model. Results: Our empirical analysis suggests that aggressive fining events unfold as “character contests,” in which the actions of the inspectors are associated with the aggres-sive outcome. Conclusions: These findings are in line with situational approaches to violence highlighting that aggressive incidents often develop as an interplay between victim and of-fender actions. We propose focusing on the behavioral actions of employees for prevention measures of workplace aggression.

scholarly journals Students’ Views of Classroom Debates as a Strategy to Enhance Critical Thinking and Oral Communication Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Asih Nurakhir ◽  
Fiqih Nindya Palupi ◽  
Cornelia Langeveld ◽  
Devi Nurmalia
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
The Face

Background: The skills in effective communication and critical thinking are essential for nurses to apply appropriate judgments in the delivery of patient care. Classroom debates are evident to be an effective strategy that can be used to improve such skills. Unfortunately, research focusing on classroom debates to promote critical thinking and oral communication skills among nursing students has not been extensively explored.   Purpose: This study aimed to explore nursing students’ views of classroom debates as a learning strategy to enhance critical thinking and oral communication skills.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study. Twelve students of the undergraduate program in nursing with classroom debate experiences and willingness to participate were purposively recruited for semi-structured interviews. Open-ended questions were used, and probing questions were also generated from the participants to get more detailed information. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the inductive content analysis. Results: The results of the study identified five themes, including the acquisition of new knowledge, awareness and responsiveness to diverse viewpoints and arguments, learning structuring ideas and appropriate ways of presentation, development of other necessary skills, and challenges of classroom debates in nursing education.  Conclusion: Classroom debates promoted the development of critical thinking and oral communication skills, and offered students an opportunity to develop other necessary skills in the face of today’s complex healthcare. Classroom debates can be integrated into the curriculum and teaching practices of any nursing educational institutions.  

Toward the Future of Computer-Assisted Language Testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-235
Author(s):  
Ethan Douglas Quaid ◽  
Alex Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Language Testing ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
Recent Case Study ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Oral Proficiency Interviews

Semi-direct speaking tests have become an increasingly favored method of assessing spoken performance in recent years. Underpinning evidence for their continued development and use has been largely contingent on language testing and assessment researchers' claim of their interchangeability with more traditional, direct face-to-face oral proficiency interviews through theoretical and empirical investigations from multiple perspectives. This chapter initially provides background and research synopses of four significant test facets that have formed the bases for semi-direct and direct speaking test comparison studies. These are followed by the inclusion of a recent case study comparing test taker output from a computer-based Aptis speaking test and a purposively developed identical face-to-face oral proficiency interview that found a slight register shift which may be viewed as advantageous for semi-direct speaking tests. Finally, future research directions are proposed in light of the recent developments in the semi-direct speaking testing research presented throughout this chapter.

An open future? The principle of autonomy within medical ‘codes of conduct’ versus the heteronomy effects of predictive medicine

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignaas Devisch
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Predictive Medicine ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
The Individual

AbstractTraditionally, the average code of conduct within Western health care starts from the autonomy of the patient. In addition, medicine today is ‘evidence based’ and the patient is an ‘informed consent’. Yet, the individual autonomy of the patient in health care is not simply enhancing today. Quite a few fundamental changes have and are currently at work within health care, which I will summarize here with the paradigm of predictive medicine. One of the characteristics of this paradigm is the increase of medical consults which are not autonomously chosen by an individual. For reasons of public health and diminishing of health risks or for reasons of prevention, on one hand we are dealing with ethical codes centered around the autonomy of patients and the face-to-face relations with health care workers, on the other, we are dealing with a society that takes an increasingly greater medical initiatives. Therefore, the question arises if predictive medicine confronts us with the limits of an ethical code as we know it today. Is there not an urgent need for a political code of conduct in health care?

scholarly journals BLENDED LEARNING IN DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF PROSPECTIVE SOCIAL WORKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
ANASTASIIA MALOTA
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Teacher Assessment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spoken Interaction

The article provides the rationale for the development of professional English communication skills of prospective social workers through blended learning, analyzes and grounds the peculiarities of blended learning aimed at developing communication skills. On the basis of the survey conducted among lecturers and social workers common intercultural situations have been determined. It is concluded that effective intercultural communication requires knowledge, lexical, phonetic and grammar skills, skills of spoken production and spoken interaction, linguo-sociocultural skills. The requirements to the level of prospective social workers’ English communication skills have been specified. It is concluded that blended learning should be a mixture of both concept based learning and collaboration-oriented learning with the face-to-face mode as the lead one; must be based on learner-centered and professional approaches, correspond to the determined principles (combination of face-to-face (approximately 65–70 %) and online (about 30-35 %) learning; students’ collaboration both online and face-to-face; students’ active involvement; effective communication between students as well as students and teachers; flexibility; regular and prompt feedback; personalization of the online environment); should involve different types of instructional Web-based technologies; incorporate various methods and techniques; focus on different types of tasks and activities including professional problem-based tasks; use different types and instruments of assessment (teacher assessment, computer marked assessment (e.g., testing vocabulary), peer assessment, self-assessment).

scholarly journals Immunological Trajectories of White Blood Cells from Adolescence to Adulthood: Description and Determinants

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Isaac Barroso ◽  
João Tiago Guimarães ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Vanda Craveiro ◽  
Elisabete Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

Background: The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear. Methods: As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the ages of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by self- and face-to-face-administered questionnaires, along with a physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements and blood sample collections. Mixed-effects models were used to identify individual trajectories of white blood cells (WBC) and finite Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the clusters of individual trajectories. Results: Participants were allocated into six clusters based on the individual trajectories of WBC distribution. Higher Inflammatory Activation Cluster (11.4%) had the highest total WBC count and neutrophils percentage, as well as the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. These participants had significantly higher odds of being overweight [OR = 2.44, 95%CI:1.51–3.92]. Lowest Levels of WBC Cluster (24.1%) had the lowest total WBC count, being characterized by a higher participation on sports [OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.12–2.13]. Highest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster (20.1%) had the highest eosinophils percentage and the highest likelihood of having been diagnosed with a chronic disease [OR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.43–3.13], namely “asthma or allergies” [OR = 14.0 (1.73, 112.2]. Lowest Proportion of Eosinophils Cluster (29.1%) had the lowest percentage of eosinophils and basophils, as well as the highest lymphocyte proportion. Participants in the Undefined Cluster (13.8%) showed the highest percentage of monocytes and basophils and were also characterized by significant lower odds of having parents with 7–9 years of schooling [OR = 0.56, (0.32, 0.99]. Conclusions: In this study we identified distinct immunological trajectories of WBC from adolescence to adulthood that were associated with social, clinical and behavioral determinants. These results suggest that these immunological trajectories are defined early in life, being dependent on the exposures.

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