Self-other agreement in disgust sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Karinen ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Reinout E. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Moral Disgust ◽  
Sexual Disgust ◽  
Moral Condemnation

A broad literature indicates that pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity relate to, among other things, political attitudes, moral condemnation, and symptoms of psychopathology. As such, instruments measuring disgust sensitivity have been widely used across subfields of psychology. Yet, surprisingly little work has examined whether self-reports in disgust sensitivity reflect systematic trait variation. Here, we present the first study to examine self-other agreement in pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity. Romantic partners (n1 = 290), friends (n2 = 212) and acquaintances (n3 = 140) rated each other on these three domains of disgust sensitivity and on the HEXACO personality dimensions. Correlations between dyad partners’ self- and other-ratings were calculated to estimate the magnitude of self-other agreement. We found self-other agreement in all domains of disgust sensitivity (r’s of .36, .46, and .66 for moral, pathogen, and sexual disgust sensitivity, respectively), with this agreement only slightly inferred from personality perceptions (percentages mediated by HEXACO were 15%, 7%, and 33% for pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity, respectively). These results suggest that pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust sensitivity reflect systematic trait variation that is detectable by others and distinct from broader personality traits.

Self–Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Bollich-Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
The Self ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Knowledge Asymmetry ◽  
Blind Spots

Despite the strong intuition that people know themselves well, much research in self-perception demonstrates the biases present when evaluating one’s own personality traits. What specifically are these blind spots in self-perceptions? Are self-perceptions always disconnected from reality? And under what circumstances might other people actually be more accurate about the self? The self–other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model suggests that because individuals and others differ in their susceptibility to biases or motivations and in the information they have access to, self- and other-knowledge will vary by trait. The present chapter outlines when and why other-perceptions are sometimes more accurate than self-perceptions, as well as when self-reports can be most trusted. Also discussed are next steps in the study of self- and other-knowledge, including practical, methodological, and interdisciplinary considerations and extensions. In sum, this chapter illustrates the importance of taking multiple perspectives in order to accurately understand a person.

scholarly journals Person-Situation Dynamics in Educational Contexts: A Self- and Other-Rated Experience Sampling Study of Teachers’ States, Traits, and Situations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Abrahams ◽  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Rater Effects ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Research Questions

The situations people find themselves in and how they experience them is fundamental to a host of life and work outcomes. However, most research has so far only relied on self-reports and is thus not able to disentangle different situation components. The present study therefore examined the dynamics between self- and other-rated situation characteristics, personality traits, and personality states in an educational setting. One hundred and seventy-three student teachers (n = 2,244–2,261 observations) and 94 supervisors (n = 1,110–1,122 observations) participated in a 13- or 14-day experience sampling study during student teachers’ internships and rated situations and teachers’ personality states twice daily. Answering three research questions yielded that 1) self-rated traits were mostly not associated with self- or supervisor-rated situation characteristics; 2) self- and supervisor-rated situation characteristics predicted self- and supervisor-rated personality state expressions (although effects were largest for same-rater associations); and 3) there were no interaction effects of traits and situation characteristics on personality state expressions. These results have important theoretical and applied implications as they advance our understanding of person-situation dynamics in an applied setting and suggest that associations between situations and personality states are not solely attributable to common rater effects.

scholarly journals Person-situation dynamics in educational contexts: A self- and other-rated experience sampling study of teachers’ states, traits, and situations

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110056
Author(s):  
Loes Abrahams ◽  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Rater Effects ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Research Questions

The situations people find themselves in and how they experience them is fundamental to a host of life and work outcomes. However, most research has so far only relied on self-reports and is thus not able to disentangle different situation components. The present study therefore examined the dynamics between self- and other-rated situation characteristics, personality traits, and personality states in an educational setting. One hundred and seventy-three student teachers ( n = 2244–2261 observations) and 94 supervisors ( n = 1110–1122 observations) participated in a 13- or 14-day experience sampling study during student teachers’ internships and rated situations and teachers’ personality states twice daily. Answering three research questions yielded that (1) self-rated traits were mostly not associated with self- or supervisor-rated situation characteristics; (2) self- and supervisor-rated situation characteristics predicted self- and supervisor-rated personality state expressions (although effects were largest for same-rater associations); and (3) there were no interaction effects of traits and situation characteristics on personality state expressions. These results have important theoretical and applied implications as they advance our understanding of person-situation dynamics in an applied setting and suggest that associations between situations and personality states are not solely attributable to common rater effects.

Sex, drugs, and genes: Illuminating the moral condemnation of recreational drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Karinen ◽  
Laura Wesseldijk ◽  
Patrick Jern ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Disgust ◽  
Moral Condemnation

Over the past decade, evolutionary psychologists have proposed that many moral stances function to promote self-interests, and behavioral geneticists have demonstrated that many moral stances have genetic bases. We integrate these perspectives by examining how moral condemnation of recreational drug use relates to sexual strategy (i.e., being more versus less open to sex outside of a committed relationship) in a sample of Finnish twins and siblings (N = 8,118). Twin modeling suggested that genetic factors accounted for 53%, 46%, and 41% of the variance in drug condemnation, sociosexuality, and sexual disgust sensitivity, respectively. Further, approximately 75% of the phenotypic covariance between drug condemnation and sexual strategy was accounted for by genes, and there was substantial overlap in the genetic effects underlying both drug condemnation and sexual strategy (rg = .41). Results suggest that some moral sentiments are calibrated to promote strategic sexual interests, which arise partially via genetic factors.

scholarly journals Godliness is next to cleanliness but sex is sinful: The roles of disgust in religious scrupulosity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Stewart ◽  
Thomas G. Adams ◽  
Carl Senior
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
System Model ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Moral Disgust ◽  
Sexual Disgust ◽  
Fear Of God ◽  
The Relationship

There is a growing literature suggesting disgust plays a major role in religiosity. However the relationship between different domains of disgust sensitivity and general religious fundamentalism or religious scrupulosity remains unknown. Two studies are reported that examined the relationship between specific types of disgust sensitivity i.e., pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust and specific religious beliefs i.e., fear of sin and fear of God. In the first study it was found that fear of sin and fear of God were significantly related to sexual disgust and pathogen disgust, respectively. In the second study the experimental induction of disgust lead to greater fear of sin but not the fear of God. These findings suggest that pathogen and sexual disgust sensitivities may serve as effective mechanisms for inflated scrupulosity while state disgust is only related to specific forms of scrupulosity. Taken together the outcomes from both studies converge on a greater understanding of the so called ‘Human Behavioural Immune System’ model that can account for social behaviour with an evolutionary of adaptive benefit and perhaps more importantly highlights the possible drivers of specific religious behaviour.

scholarly journals Reevaluating Moral Disgust: Sensitivity to Many Affective States Predicts Extremity in Many Evaluative Judgments

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin F. Landy ◽  
Jared Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Moral Disgust ◽  
Moral Condemnation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Association

Disgust-sensitive individuals are particularly morally critical. Some theorists take this as evidence that disgust has a uniquely moral form: disgust contributes to moralization even of pathogen-free violations, and disgust’s contribution to moralization is unique from other emotional states. We argue that the relationship between disgust sensitivity (DS) and moral judgment is not special in two respects. First, trait sensitivity to many other affective states, beyond disgust, predicts moral evaluations. Second, DS also predicts nonnormative evaluative judgments. Four studies supported these hypotheses, using multiple measures of DS, and judgments of moral violations (Studies 1 and 4), conventional violations (Study 1), imprudent actions (Study 1), competence (Study 2), and aesthetic evaluations (Study 3). Our findings call into question the usefulness of “moral disgust” as a psychological construct by showing that the relationship between DS and moral condemnation is one instantiation of a more general association between affect and judgment.

scholarly journals Sex, Drugs, and Genes: Illuminating the Moral Condemnation of Recreational Drugs

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762199735
Author(s):  
Annika K. Karinen ◽  
Laura W. Wesseldijk ◽  
Patrick Jern ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Disgust ◽  
Moral Condemnation

Over the past decade, evolutionary psychologists have proposed that many moral stances function to promote self-interests. At the same time, behavioral geneticists have demonstrated that many moral stances have genetic bases. We integrated these perspectives by examining how moral condemnation of recreational drug use relates to sexual strategy (i.e., being more vs. less open to sex outside of a committed relationship) in a sample of Finnish twins and siblings ( N = 8,118). Twin modeling suggested that genetic factors accounted for 53%, 46%, and 41% of the variance in drug condemnation, sociosexuality, and sexual-disgust sensitivity, respectively. Further, approximately 75% of the phenotypic covariance between drug condemnation and sexual strategy was accounted for by genes, and there was substantial overlap in the genetic effects underlying both drug condemnation and sexual strategy ( rg = .41). Results are consistent with the proposal that some moral sentiments are calibrated to promote strategic sexual interests, which arise partially via genetic factors.

scholarly journals Person-Situation Dynamics in Educational Contexts: A Self- and Other-Rated Experience Sampling Study of Teachers’ States, Traits, and Situations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Abrahams ◽  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Rater Effects ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Research Questions

The situations people find themselves in and how they experience them is fundamental to a host of life and work outcomes. However, most research has so far only relied on self-reports and is thus not able to disentangle different situation components. The present study therefore examined the dynamics between self- and other-rated situation characteristics, personality traits, and personality states in an educational setting. One hundred and seventy-three student teachers (n = 2,244–2,261 observations) and 94 supervisors (n = 1,110–1,122 observations) participated in a 13- or 14-day experience sampling study during student teachers’ internships and rated situations and teachers’ personality states twice daily. Answering three research questions yielded that 1) self-rated traits were mostly not associated with self- or supervisor-rated situation characteristics; 2) self- and supervisor-rated situation characteristics predicted self- and supervisor-rated personality state expressions (although effects were largest for same-rater associations); and 3) there were no interaction effects of traits and situation characteristics on personality state expressions. These results have important theoretical and applied implications as they advance our understanding of person-situation dynamics in an applied setting and suggest that associations between situations and personality states are not solely attributable to common rater effects.

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