scholarly journals Visual convex time preferences: Lab, field and high schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Branas-Garza ◽  
Benjamin Prissé
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Price List ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level

The original standard for measuring time preferences was Multiple Price List (MPL), where subjects are asked to choose between an amount of money in the present and a larger amount of money in the future. Convex Time Budget (CTB) was later introduced, allowing subjects to differentiallyallocate money between present and future. It improved precision of measurement but also increased the complexity of the task. In this paper we introduce the Visual Convex Time Preferences (VCTP), a new measure of time preferences synthesizing simplicity of MPL and precision of CTB. Results from the lab suggest that VCTP is robust and improves precision of time preferences measurement compared to the MPL. Same results are replicated in the field of Honduras, especially when the experiment is run with the help of enumerators. Experiments with teenagers show that younger population exhibit high level of inconsistency although older participants perform better.

scholarly journals Visual convex time preferences: Lab, field and high schools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Branas-Garza ◽  
Benjamin Prissé
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Lab Experiment ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Price List ◽  
Task Time

Abstract We introduce the Visual Convex Time Preferences (VCTP) task, a new tool for measuring time preferences that synthesizes the simplicity of Multiple Price List (MPL) and the precision of Convex Time Budget (CTB) tasks. We evaluate VCTP in three environments: lab, field and high school. The lab experiment suggests that VCTP improves the precision of time preferences without increasing task time or decreasing subject consistency. The field experiment partially replicates the results, since subjects make little use of the additional precision. The high school experiment shows that younger populations find it difficult to perform both the MPL and the VCTP, but older teenagers use the advantage of VCTP at no cost. Overall, the results indicate that the task successfully measures time preferences but should be adapted to specific populations.

Comment on “Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences”: On the Elicitation of Time Preference under Conditions of Risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2242-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Price List

Andreoni and Sprenger (2012a, b) report evidence that distinct utility functions govern choices under certainty and risk. I investigate the robustness of this result to the experimental design. I find that the effect disappears completely when a multiple price list instrument is used instead of a convex time budget design. Alternatively, the effect is reduced by half when sooner and later payment risks are realized using a single lottery instead of two independent lotteries. The result is thus at least partially driven by intertemporal diversification, supporting an explanation in terms of concavity of the intertemporal, and not only atemporal, utility function. (JEL C91, D81, D91)

scholarly journals The Formation of Future Socionomic Experts’ Conflictological Culture in Germany and Austria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Tetiana Branitska
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
Training Specificity ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pedagogical Literature ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Abstract At the present stage of Ukrainian society development there is a requirement for studying and the analysis of the maintenance of experts’ preparation in social, socially pedagogical sphere in foreign countries. Therefore the great value has research of experience in theoretical and practical preparation of the future socionomic experts in the universities of Germany and Austria. In the article the formation of socionomic future experts’ conflictological culture and teaching features of social-pedagogically directed disciplines in high schools of Germany and Austria have been considered. The analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature devoted to studying separate aspects of socionomic experts’ conflictological culture formation has been carried out. The standard-legal maintenance of future social teachers’ vocational training in high schools of Germany and Austria, in particular, features of curricula, their substantial filling, and also training specificity have been investigated. Presence of the conflictological component in the frame of future socionomic experts’ preparation has been designated, that allows students to raise efficiency of professional work in the future. Improvement of the programs and subject content able to open peculiarities of future socionomic experts’ psychological pedagogical and conflictological preparation in Germany and Austria will promote formation of the modern competitive expert with a high level of conflictological culture.

To the memory of the geobotanist. Leonid E. Rodin (to the 100th anniversary of his birthday)

2007 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
B. K. Gannibal
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
State University ◽  
Botanical Institute ◽  
Komarov Botanical Institute ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level

Leonid Efimovich Rodin (1907-1990) was a graduate of Leningrad state University. To him, the future is known geobotanica, happened to a course in Botanical geography is still at the N. A. Bush. His teachers were also A. P. Shennikov and A. A. Korchagin, who subsequently headed related Department of geobotany and Botanical geography of Leningrad state University. This was the first school scientist. And since the beginning of the 30s of XX century and until the end of life L. E. was an employee of the Department of geobotany of the Komarov Botanical Institute (RAS), where long time worked together with E. M. Lavrenko, V. B. Sochava, B. A. Tikhomirov, V. D. Alexandrova and many other high-level professionals, first continuing to learn and gain experience, then defining the direction of development of geobotany in the Institute and the country as a whole.

Measuring Time Preferences in Large Surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Bechtel ◽  
Amalie Sofie Jensen ◽  
Kenneth F. Scheve
Keyword(s):  
Time Preferences ◽  
Measuring Time

Procurement Analytics: Enabling Data Architectures in the Age of Big Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goul ◽  
T. S. Raghu ◽  
Ziru Li
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Data Space ◽  
Prescriptive Analytics ◽  
Data Architecture ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level ◽  
Area Data

As procurement organizations increasingly move from a cost-and-efficiency emphasis to a profit-and-growth emphasis, flexible data architecture will become an integral part of a procurement analytics strategy. It is therefore imperative for procurement leaders to understand and address digitization trends in supply chains and to develop strategies to create robust data architecture and analytics strategies for the future. This chapter assesses and examines the ways companies can organize their procurement data architectures in the big data space to mitigate current limitations and to lay foundations for the discovery of new insights. It sets out to understand and define the levels of maturity in procurement organizations as they pertain to the capture, curation, exploitation, and management of procurement data. The chapter then develops a framework for articulating the value proposition of moving between maturity levels and examines what the future entails for companies with mature data architectures. In addition to surveying the practitioner and academic research literature on procurement data analytics, the chapter presents detailed and structured interviews with over fifteen procurement experts from companies around the globe. The chapter finds several important and useful strategies that have helped procurement organizations design strategic roadmaps for the development of robust data architectures. It then further identifies four archetype procurement area data architecture contexts. In addition, this chapter details exemplary high-level mature data architecture for each archetype and examines the critical assumptions underlying each one. Data architectures built for the future need a design approach that supports both descriptive and real-time, prescriptive analytics.

scholarly journals Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Challenges in Szekszárd Wine Region, Hungary

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Attila Buzási
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Lock In

Wine producers face several challenges regarding climate change, which will affect this industry both in the present and the future. Vulnerability assessments are at the forefront of current climate research, therefore, the present paper has two main aims. First, to assess two components of climate vulnerability regarding the Szekszárd wine region, Hungary; second, to collect and analyze adaptation farming techniques in terms of environmental sustainability aspects. Exposure analyses revealed that the study area will face several challenges regarding intensive drought periods in the future. Sensitivity indicators show the climate-related characteristics of the most popular grapevines and their relatively high level of susceptibility regarding changing climatic patterns. Since both external and intrinsic factors of vulnerability show deteriorating trends, the development of adaptation actions is needed. Adaptation interventions often provide unsustainable solutions or entail maladaptation issues, therefore, an environmental-focused sustainability assessment of collected interventions was performed to avoid long-term negative path dependencies. The applied evaluation methodology pointed out that nature-based adaptation actions are preferred in comparison to using additional machines or resource-intensive solutions. This study can fill the scientific gap by analyzing this wine region for the first time, via performing an ex-ante lock-in analysis of available and widely used adaptation interventions in the viticulture sector.

Time Preferences across Language Groups: Evidence on Intertemporal Choices from the Swiss Language Border*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Herz ◽  
Martin Huber ◽  
Tjaša Maillard-Bjedov ◽  
Svitlana Tyahlo
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Intertemporal Choices

Abstract Differences in patience across language groups have recently received increased attention in the literature. We provide evidence on this issue by measuring time preferences of French and German speakers from a bilingual municipality in Switzerland where institutions are shared and socioeconomic conditions are very similar across the two language groups. We find that French speakers are significantly more impatient than German speakers, and differences are particularly pronounced when payments in the present are involved. Estimates of preference parameters of a quasi-hyperbolic discounting model suggest significant differences in both present bias (β) and the long-run discount factor (δ) across language groups.

scholarly journals The future of rock: discourses that struggle to define a genre

Popular Music ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Fornäs
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Time Consciousness ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cultural Mobility ◽  
Material Power

Time shifts increase our sensitivity to birth and death, to the rise and fall of cultural epochs, by drawing attention to all sorts of changes. When years, decades or centuries turn, there need not necessarily be any corresponding great shift in society and culture. What does ‘real’ history care about dates and years? But our way of measuring time produces a sort of numerical magic that sometimes makes us extra sensitive to collective cultural mobility. In aesthetical production and cultural debate, each time turn induces a wish to reflect upon where we stand and what is happening. This sharpened time consciousness may accelerate or consolidate certain changes, if sufficiently many and strong social forces engage in the reflection to transform prophecies into effective mechanisms of change, by the material power of self-definitions.

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