scholarly journals A comparison of single-session focused attention meditation and computerised attention task instantaneous effects on cognitive control in sequence learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Weili Chan ◽  
Maarten Alberto Immink ◽  
Kurt Lushington
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
And Control

Chan et al. (2017) demonstrated that top-down control states established in FAM persist to influence subsequent sequence learning through increased stimulus-based planning. To test if top-down control influences on attention allocation and contribute to sequence learning effects of FAM, we compared against a computerised attention task (CAT). We investigated if effort, arousal or pleasure associated with FAM or CAT, explained the influence on sequence learning. Relative to Control, FAM and CAT resulted in shorter reaction time (RT) in the SRTT. FAM resulted in a greater rate of improvement than both CAT and control across training blocks of the SRTT, aligned with general practice benefits associated with reliance on stimulus-based planning. Neither effort, arousal or pleasure associated with FAM, CAT or control conditions correlated with SRTT performance or learning indices. Enhanced sequence learning following FAM is attributed to increased top-down control states established by FAM that transfer to subsequent sequence learning.

scholarly journals Single-session and training effects of focused-attention meditation on neurophysiological and behavioural correlates of cognitive control during motor sequence learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Weili Chan ◽  
Phillip M. Alday ◽  
Lena Zou ◽  
Kurt Lushington ◽  
Matthias Schlesewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
N200 Component ◽  
And Control

Recent theoretical models outline that motor sequence learning involves cognitive control processes that affects stimulus- or plan-based control, although clear contributions from the have not been delineated. Previously, we found that single-session focused attention meditation (FAM) enhanced stimulus-based control through increased top-down activation. In the present experiment, we aimed to understand if single-session FAM effects could be enhanced with short-term FAM training in behavioural reaction time, and neurophysiological indices in the form event-related potentials (ERP). We investigated the N200 component that is closely related to top-down activation, and the error-related negatively (ERN) component that is closely related to error processing for plan development. 29 participants were randomised to one of three conditions reflecting the level of FAM experienced prior to a serial reaction time task (SRTT): 21 sessions of FAM (FAM21, N= 12), a single FAM session (FAM1, N= 9) or no preceding FAM control (Control, N= 8). Continuous 64-channel EEG were recorded during SRTT whereby N200 amplitudes for correct trials, and ERN using mean difference in amplitudes for correct and error trials, were extracted. Component amplitudes, topography and behavioural outcomes were compared using linear mixed effects regression models between groups. Firstly, FAM21 exhibited faster reaction time performances in majority of the learning blocks compared to FAM1 and Control. FAM21 also demonstrated a significantly more pronounced N200 component over all anterior and the central regions during SRTT compared to FAM1 and Control. When N200 amplitudes were modelled against general learning performance, FAM21 also showed the greatest rate of decline over all anterior and the central regions during SRTT compared to FAM1 and Control. No robust differences in the ERN component were found that supported our predictions. The N200 is associated with top-down cognitive control processes, and hence may index stimulus-based learning effects; whilst the ERN is associated with error and updating of an internalised plan that may index plan-based learning effects. Firstly, our results show that after FAM training, top-down activation is increased for better block-on-block RT performances compared to the other groups. More importantly, FAM training facilitates more efficient and dynamic modulation of top-down activation such that at high levels of general learning performance, less top-down control is needed to maintain the performance.

scholarly journals Multisensory Interaction in Saccadic Reaction Time: A Time-Window-of-Integration Model

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Colonius ◽  
Adele Diederich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Multisensory Interaction ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Attention Task

Saccadic reaction time to visual targets tends to be faster when stimuli from another modality (in particular, audition and touch) are presented in close temporal or spatial proximity even when subjects are instructed to ignore the accessory input (focused attention task). Multisensory interaction effects measured in neural structures involved in saccade generation (in particular, the superior colliculus) have demonstrated a similar spatio-temporal dependence. Neural network models of multisensory spatial integration have been shown to generate convergence of the visual, auditory, and tactile reference frames and the sensorimotor coordinate transformations necessary for coordinated head and eye movements. However, because these models do not capture the temporal coincidences critical for multisensory integration to occur, they cannot easily predict multisensory effects observed in behavioral data such as saccadic reaction times. This article proposes a quantitative stochastic framework, the time-window-of-integration model, to account for the temporal rules of multisensory integration. Saccadic responses collected from a visual–tactile focused attention task are shown to be consistent with the time-window-of-integration model predictions.

scholarly journals Focused-attention meditation increases cognitive control during motor sequence performance: Evidence from the N2 cortical evoked potential

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Weili Chan ◽  
Phillip M. Alday ◽  
Lena Zou ◽  
Kurt Lushington ◽  
Matthias Schlesewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Central Regions

Previous work found that single-session focused attention meditation (FAM) enhanced motor sequence learning through increased cognitive control as a mechanistic action, although electrophysiological correlates of sequence learning performance following FAM were not investigated. We measured the persistent frontal N2 event-related potential (ERP) that is closely related to cognitive control processes and its ability to predict behavioural measures. Twenty-nine participants were randomised to one of three conditions reflecting the level of FAM experienced prior to a serial reaction time task (SRTT): 21 sessions of FAM (FAM21, N= 12), a single FAM session (FAM1, N= 9) or no preceding FAM control (Control, N= 8). Continuous 64-channel EEG were recorded during SRTT and N2 amplitudes for correct trials were extracted. Component amplitude, regions of interests, and behavioural outcomes were compared using mixed effects regression models between groups. FAM21 exhibited faster reaction time performances in majority of the learning blocks compared to FAM1 and Control. FAM21 also demonstrated a significantly more pronounced N2 over majority of anterior and central regions of interests during SRTT compared to the other groups. When N2 amplitudes were modelled against general learning performance, FAM21 showed the greatest rate of amplitude decline over anterior and central regions. The combined results suggest that FAM training provided greater cognitive control enhancement for improved sequence learning performance compared to the other groups. Importantly, FAM training facilitates dynamic modulation of cognitive control: lower levels of general learning performance was supported by greater levels of activation, whilst higher levels of general learning required less activation.

Attention Allocation to Physically Separate Task and Situation Displays in a Command and Control Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134
Author(s):  
H. Golan ◽  
A. Parush ◽  
E. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Control

Using a simulated Emergency Medical Services (EMS) dispatch center during multi-casualty incident management, this study explored whether the presence of a separate situation display in a Command and Control (C2) setting might require attention at the expense of attending an individual task display, and how it influenced performance and situational awareness. Overall, participants always attended the task display more than the situation display. However, the situation display drew attention at the expense of attending less the task display. The presence of the situation display was related to improved performance and better situational awareness (SA), particularly in the projection level of the SA, which could account also for the better decision-making performance. Participants may have developed an attention allocation strategy to effectively utilize the information of the situation display and execute their tasks on the task display.

Design of the IDCTMV Human-Machine Ergonomics Test System

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 900-903
Author(s):  
Quan Wang ◽  
Wei Ping Liu ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Bin He Fu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operation Performance ◽  
Operation Procedure ◽  
Simulated Test ◽  
Control Terminal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Integrated Display

This paper presented the scenario of the IDCTMV Human-Machine Ergonomics test system with the programming idea of the modularization. Based on LabVIEW, the IDCTMV simulated test software and subjective evaluation software were designed and developed. The subjective evaluation results and operation performance data including the reaction time of crews, the rate of errors, and the rate of over reports were tested by the simulation of the integrated display and control terminal for the typical operation procedure, which solved the problems of lacking test methods for the study of the IDCTMV Human-Machine Ergonomics.

Contribution of the Premotor Cortex to Consolidation of Motor Sequence Learning in Humans During Sleep

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2603-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Michaela Jakoubkova ◽  
Nivethida Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Leonie Schmalfuss ◽  
Sandra Hullemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence

Motor learning and memory consolidation require the contribution of different cortices. For motor sequence learning, the primary motor cortex is involved primarily in its acquisition. Premotor areas might be important for consolidation. In accordance, modulation of cortical excitability via transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) during learning affects performance when applied to the primary motor cortex, but not premotor cortex. We aimed to explore whether premotor tDCS influences task performance during motor memory consolidation. The impact of excitability-enhancing, -diminishing, or placebo premotor tDCS during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep on recall in the serial reaction time task (SRTT) was explored in healthy humans. The motor task was learned in the evening. Recall was performed immediately after tDCS or the following morning. In two separate control experiments, excitability-enhancing premotor tDCS was performed 4 h after task learning during daytime or immediately before conduction of a simple reaction time task. Excitability-enhancing tDCS performed during REM sleep increased recall of the learned movement sequences, when tested immediately after stimulation. REM density was enhanced by excitability-increasing tDCS and reduced by inhibitory tDCS, but did not correlate with task performance. In the control experiments, tDCS did not improve performance. We conclude that the premotor cortex is involved in motor memory consolidation during REM sleep.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Stuss ◽  
L.L. Stethem ◽  
T.W. Picton ◽  
E.E. Leech ◽  
G. Pelchat
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Simple Rt

ABSTRACT:The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging were compared on tests of simple and complex reaction time (RT). Simple RT was not significantly affected by aging or TBI. TBI patients, however, tended to be slower on Simple RT tasks, and had a larger standard deviation. Individuals over age 60 and patients of any age with TBI demonstrated slower RT with choice RT tests. In addition, both groups (those over 60 and TBI patients) were less able than other groups to inhibit the processing of redundant information. For the TBI patients, this occurred primarily on reassessment. These results suggest that the deficit in both aging and TBI is not only a generalized neuronal slowing but a more specific impairment in attentional control processes, exhibited as a deficit in focused attention.

Asthma-Related Costs Relative to Severity and Control in General Practice

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Laforest ◽  
Pierre Ernst ◽  
Guilhem Pietri ◽  
Donald Yin ◽  
Yves Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
And Control

Effects of model types in observational learning on implicit sequential learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1596-1606
Author(s):  
Kanji Tanaka ◽  
Katsumi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Sequential Learning ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Behavior Type ◽  
Movie Clip ◽  
Motor Representations

This study investigated whether implicit learning of sequence by observation occurred in a serial reaction time task and whether the learning effects were modulated by model behavioral type. In Experiment 1, we let 20 participants perform a sequence for 12 blocks and chose the best and worst performance models based on reaction time and errors. In Experiment 2, new observers viewed a movie clip chosen from the following three: the best model performing the sequential task in the first (the first six blocks) or second session (the last six blocks), or the worst model performing the task in the first session. Then, the observers performed the observed sequence, a test sequence and awareness test. We found that (1) implicit sequential learning occurred by observation regardless of model behavior type, (2) the learning effects were not susceptible to model behavior type and (3) speed index reflecting reaction time became larger even in the test session when the observers viewed the best model performing the second session. Overall, observers developed general motor representations through action–observation. In addition, their responses were also contagious; if the model performed the sequence faster, the observer might be able to perform the sequence faster.

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