scholarly journals Adaptive DynAmic Pattern Theory (ADAPT) of Psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlijn Olthof ◽  
Fred Hasselman ◽  
Freek Johannes Wilhelmus Oude Maatman ◽  
Anna Maria Theodora Bosman ◽  
Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pattern Theory ◽  
Adaptive Dynamic ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Dynamic Patterns ◽  
The Individual

There is a renewed interest for complex adaptive system approaches that can account for the inherently complex and dynamic nature of psychopathology. Yet, a theory of psychopathology grounded in the principles of complex adaptive systems is lacking. Here, we present such a theory based on in the notion of adaptive dynamic patterns. We postulate that all observable phenomena of the body and mind are dynamic patterns that emerge from an open complex adaptive system constituted by interdependent biopsychosocial processes located in the individual and its environment, which operate on multiple timescales. Psychopathology is a self-organizing emergent property of a system, meaning that psychopathology arises solely from the interdependencies in the system and is not prescribed by an internal or external ‘blueprint’. While dynamic patterns of psychopathology are highly idiographic in content due to continuous individual-environment transactions, we claim that their change over time can be described by general principles of pattern formation in complex adaptive systems. Our theory thus integrates idiographic and nomothetic science. A discussion of implications for classification, intervention and public health concludes the paper.

scholarly journals The class as a learning entity (complex adaptive system): An idea from complexity science and educational research

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Newell
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Complexity Thinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Social Collective

Educational theorists are making increasing use of the metaphors and concepts of complexity thinking in their discourses. In particular, Professors Brent Davis, Elaine Simmt, and Dennis Sumara have written extensively about using complexity thinking to shift attention from the individual student as the locus of learning (cognizing agent) to the social collective—the class—as the locus of learning. In this model, the class (students and teacher) is (potentially) a complex adaptive system. The students and teacher remain complex adaptive systems in their own right, but through dynamic local interactions there is the possibility of emergent behaviours indicative of learning that transcends that of the individuals within the class. The social collective we know as a class becomes an instance of the Aristotlean adage, “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” (With the coda that we cannot understand the whole by merely understanding the components.) Davis, Simmt, and Sumara have segued from complexity-informed descriptions of educational collectives to discussions about facilitating the self-organization of classes into complex adaptive systems – learning systems, in their language. In this paper, I discuss complex adaptive systems and look at how Davis, Simmt, and Sumara developed their thesis that the class collective, rather than individual student, is the appropriate level to investigate learning and teaching. We conclude by addressing some of the possibilities and challenges inherent in such a redescription of communities of learners.

Price discovery by the market's mind: an investor's perspective on numerical archetypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Patrick Schotanus
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Price Discovery ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Complex Adaptive

The aim of this paper is to contribute to Jung's later work, with a particular focus on the numerical archetypes viewed from an investor's perspective. It attempts to achieve this via a three-pronged approach. First, placing complex psychology in the framework of complexity theory allows a robust acknowledgement and treatment of ‘elusive’ macroscopic properties, i.e. archetypal dynamics, involved in the ordering of a mind as a complex adaptive system. Second, modern insights in number sense (the direct intuition of what numbers mean) provide neuroscientific support for numerical archetypes and clarify their primacy. Third, this paper points to the empirical relevance of numerical archetypes in price discovery, the self-organizing principle of the capital markets (which allocate resources in modern society). The resulting proposition is that the (collective) mind's unconscious and conscious forces can be considered as ‘intelligent’ agents. The competition between these two domains provides the necessary condition to endogenously generate innovative outcomes, the essential capability of complex adaptive systems. According to this view producing such adaptive novelty is achieved in the form of intuitive insights and imagination, which result in a vast array of symbols, e.g. prices in the case of the market's mind.

scholarly journals Organizing Theories for Disasters into a Complex Adaptive System Framework

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Annetta Burger ◽  
William G. Kennedy ◽  
Andrew Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Interacting Systems ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
The Individual

Increasingly urbanized populations and climate change have shifted the focus of decision makers from economic growth to the sustainability and resilience of urban infrastructure and communities, especially when communities face multiple hazards and need to recover from recurring disasters. Understanding human behavior and its interactions with built environments in disasters requires disciplinary crossover to explain its complexity, therefore we apply the lens of complex adaptive systems (CAS) to review disaster studies across disciplines. Disasters can be understood to consist of three interacting systems: (1) the physical system, consisting of geological, ecological, and human-built systems; (2) the social system, consisting of informal and formal human collective behavior; and (3) the individual actor system. Exploration of human behavior in these systems shows that CAS properties of heterogeneity, interacting subsystems, emergence, adaptation, and learning are integral, not just to cities, but to disaster studies and connecting them in the CAS framework provides us with a new lens to study disasters across disciplines. This paper explores the theories and models used in disaster studies, provides a framework to study and explain disasters, and discusses how complex adaptive systems can support theory building in disaster science for promoting more sustainable and resilient cities.

scholarly journals Navigating the Turbulent Waters of School Reform Guided by Complexity Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. White ◽  
James A. Levin
Keyword(s):  
School Reform ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Complex Adaptive

The goal of this research study has been to develop, implement, and evaluate a school reform design experiment at a continuation high school with low-income, low-performing underrepresented minority students. The complexity sciences served as a theoretical framework for this design experiment. Treating an innovative college preparatory program as a nested complex adaptive system within a larger complex adaptive system, the school, we used features of complex adaptive systems (equilibrium, emergence, self-organization, and feedback loops) as a framework to design a strategy for school reform. The goal was to create an environment for change by pulling the school far from equilibrium using a strategy we call “purposeful perturbations” to disrupt the stable state of the school in a purposeful way. Over the four years of the study, several tipping points were reached, and we developed agent-based simulation models that capture important dynamic properties of the reform at these points. The study draws upon complexity theory in multiple ways that have supported improved education for low-achieving students.

scholarly journals Late-life anxiety is coming of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
Richard Oude Voshaar ◽  
Nancy A. Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
First Line ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Anxiety is an adaptive human experience that may occur at all ages and serves to help draw attention to, avoid or cope with immanent threat and danger. Given its evolutionary importance, it has strong genetic and biological underpinnings, and when it serves that adaptive function for the organism, anxiety may be viewed as useful. However, complex adaptive systems, such as our adaptation to threat or stress, by definition provide many and often interrelated points of breakdown or dysregulation, which, if sustained, may lead to psychopathology. Anxiety has been described as a common currency for psychopathology, indicating that it is a first line and universal way for us to respond to stress and threat. It is more or less prominent in patients diagnosed with practically all psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders. This has lead to the inclusion of anxiety as a cross-cutting symptom measure in the development of DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Given that they are rooted in a complex adaptive system that has many potential points of impact to develop pathology, it is not surprising that anxiety disorders are extremely heterogeneous. This heterogeneity of anxiety disorders pertains to symptomatology, etiology and outcomes, and poses great challenges to both research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals The development of the mammalian dentition as a complex adaptive system

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Alan H. Brook ◽  
Toby E. Hughes ◽  
Grant C. Townsend ◽  
Richard N. Smith ◽  
Matthew D. Brook O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Tooth Germs

General characteristics of Complex Adaptive Systems include self-adaptation and or-ganisation, emergence, multitasking, robustness, critical phases, diversity and compatibility with such statistical models as Thresholds and Scale Free Networks. The aim was to investigate wheth-er dental development exhibits the general and statistical characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System, by examining data on normal and abnormal dental development. The findings were that self-adaptation and organisation occur while interactions between genes, epigenetic and environmental factors lead to the emergence of cells, tooth germs and mineralised teeth. Multitasking occurs as signalling pathways act simultaneously and reiteratively during initiation and morphogenesis. Tooth germs that do not attain a critical threshold during development may undergo apoptosis. Diversity is evident in tooth number, size, shape and mineralisation. Statistical investigation shows that males have significantly larger teeth and higher prevalences of megadontia and supernumerary teeth (p<0.05), supporting Brook’s Threshold Model which is further developed here to include shape. Image Analysis of tooth dimensions showed they followed a Power Law distribution, with the first 8 of 34 factors in upper lateral inci-sors accounting for 94.4% of the total variation. In conclusion, the development of the dentition shows the general and statistical characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System.

scholarly journals Social Complex Adaptive System: From Introduction to Several Scientific Conjectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Xiaojing ZHENG ◽  
Wenhui MA ◽  
Cuiping SUN ◽  
Jiaqi WANG
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
And Behavior

Social system is full of complexity, of stochastic dynamic, of criticality, of random diversity and of irrationality, which makes corresponding results hardly to be discovered. In this paper, we focus on drawing a conclusion of the invariant distribution of collective irrational behavior and the characteristics of critical phase transition in the process of system emergence due to the interaction between individuals. We also care about, if several order parameters of the system or environment changes, how the law of the collective behavior state and evolution state would change. Based on our analysis, seven preset conclusions in the aspects of local structure, individual properties and behavior, interaction rules, and environmental changes in complex adaptive systems are proposed.

scholarly journals Leadership and innovation within a complex adaptive system: Public libraries

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Freeburg
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Directors ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Leadership Approaches

Viewing public libraries as Complex Adaptive Systems, the current study analyzed leadership within these systems in terms of complexity and innovation. This included a leader’s capacity for ambiguity and emergence, features of leadership in different contexts, and perceptions of success and innovation. From a list of current public library directors and managers, 15 participants completed a 30-minute phone interview that followed a semi-structured guide. By analyzing the intersection of complexity of approach with complexity of context, eight leadership approaches were uncovered through coding. Results suggest that most participants engaged with most of the leadership approaches at some point. In addition, most of these approaches were seen as successful and innovative—though in different ways. Findings suggest that traditional hardline distinctions between leadership and management—or innovative and non-innovative—are no longer useful. This study is an important contribution to the study of public library leadership, as it applies theories of complexity to both approach and context.

Chaos in Education as an Intelligent Complex Adaptive System

2014 ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esen Arzu Kayman
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Intelligent Organizations

The chapter aims to open the present somewhat chaotic and uncertain situation of education to a discussion. The chapter can help the reader think about the chaos everywhere and in education and educational institutions as intelligent organizations. Educational institutions have to be intelligent to cope with the sudden and fast changes around themselves and they are complex adaptive systems that can adapt the environment and the changes in or out of the organizations. As education is a dynamic system, people should discuss it as dynamic, chaotic, and complex in present times and the future.

Is Echo a Complex Adaptive System?

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Smith ◽  
Mark A. Bedau
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Holland's Theory ◽  
Complex Adaptive

We evaluate whether John Holland's Echo model exemplifies his theory of complex adaptive systems. After reviewing Holland's theory of complex adaptive systems and describing his Echo model, we describe and explain the characteristic evolutionary behavior observed in a series of Echo model runs. We conclude that Echo lacks the diversity of hierarchically organized aggregates that typify complex adaptive systems, and we explore possible explanations for this failure.

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